CN109196674A - 用于将陶瓷的摩擦元件与压电陶瓷的元件连接的方法 - Google Patents
用于将陶瓷的摩擦元件与压电陶瓷的元件连接的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于将陶瓷的摩擦元件(11)与压电元件(1)连接的方法,此外,该方法包括以下方法步骤:将摩擦元件的连接面(10)和压电元件的接触面(9)与设置在摩擦元件的连接面与压电元件的接触面之间的低熔点玻璃质块(12)相互挤压(14),并且对于后续所有方法步骤维持所述挤压力;将压电元件和摩擦元件加热(17)到限定的温度,该限定的温度高于压电元件的压电陶瓷材料的居里点并且高于低熔点玻璃质块的熔点;接下来,在维持温度的情况下,将极化电压Up施加到压电元件的电极上;在低于居里点之后,移除极化电压;并且在没有电压施加到电极上的情况下,将压电元件和摩擦元件冷却至室温。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1所述的用于将陶瓷的摩擦元件与压电陶瓷的元件连接的方法,该压电陶瓷的元件优选具有压电致动器。
背景技术
从US 6 765 335 B2已知一种压电超声波马达,该压电超声波马达的超声波致动器由压电元件制成,该压电元件实施为由压电陶瓷材料制成的板或者柱,并且在该压电元件上设有一个摩擦元件或者多个由陶瓷材料制成的陶瓷摩擦元件,或者该压电元件与所述摩擦元件连接。在此,相应的陶瓷摩擦元件与压电元件的连接通常以两种方法进行。
在第一种连接方法中,摩擦元件借助有机物质、例如环氧化物-粘合材料粘接到压电元件上。这种粘接方法的缺点在于,粘合剂持久经受的最高温度由其固化温度决定,所述固化温度在100至150℃之间。这个温度对于许多工业应用是不够的。另外,在高真空环境里使用马达时存在由有机粘合剂导致污染的危险,因此如此制成的超声波马达不能使用在高真空环境应用中。
在第二种连接方法中,摩擦元件与压电元件通过与低温玻璃的焊接或粘接而连接。在此,摩擦元件与压电元件借助高温连接,之后在低温下将整个压电陶瓷极化。这种连接方法的缺点在于,在将压电陶瓷极化时,压电元件产生显著变形,该显著变形是由于旋转压电陶瓷的极域所导致。由此在摩擦元件与压电元件之间的连接区域中出现明显的机械应力,该机械应力不利地影响压电元件的强度。因此,如此制成的致动器不能被应用于大功率超声波马达。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务在于,提供一种用于将陶瓷的摩擦元件与压电陶瓷的元件或者说压电元件连接的方法,在该方法中,在连接区域中仅产生小的机械应力,并且在该方法中,如此相互连接的元件能够在较高的温度下和在高真空应用中被使用。
所述任务通过根据权利要求1的方法得以解决,在其之后的从属权利要求至少形成符合目的的扩展方案。
据此,从用于将陶瓷的摩擦元件与由压电陶瓷材料制成的元件(其限定压电元件)连接的方法出发,其中,该压电元件具有至少一个激发电极和至少一个与该激发电极间隔开距离的通用电极,并且在激发电极和通用电极之间设有压电元件的压电陶瓷材料的至少一部分。
根据本发明的方法包括下列方法步骤:
步骤1:制备低熔点玻璃质块;
步骤2:将低熔点玻璃质块设置在摩擦元件的连接面与压电元件的接触面之间,或者将低熔点玻璃质块涂覆在摩擦元件的连接面上和/或压电元件的接触面上;
步骤3:施加挤压力,并且由此将摩擦元件的连接面和压电元件的接触面与设置在摩擦元件的连接面与压电元件的接触面之间的低熔点玻璃质块相互挤压,并且对于后续所有方法步骤维持所述挤压力;
步骤4:将压电元件和摩擦元件加热到限定的温度,该限定的温度高于压电元件的压电陶瓷材料的居里点并且高于低熔点玻璃质块的熔点;
步骤5:在压电元件和摩擦元件达到限定的温度之后并且在维持限定的温度的情况下,将极化电压Up施加到压电元件的电极上,从而在电极之间的压电陶瓷材料中产生用于将压电陶瓷材料极化的电场Ep,并且在限定的时间段内维持该电场Ep;
步骤6:在维持用于极化的电场Ep至低于居里点的情况下,冷却压电元件和摩擦元件,并且在低于居里点之后,移除施加到电极上的极化电压Up;
步骤7:在没有电压施加到电极上的情况下,将压电元件和摩擦元件冷却至室温。
有利的可以是,低熔点玻璃质块以薄膜或者膏的形式制备并且由有机粘合剂和低熔点玻璃颗粒制成。在此有利的可以是,在燃烧有机粘合剂的同时通过熔化来将低熔点玻璃质块施加在压电元件的接触面上和/或摩擦元件的连接面上。
另外有利的可以是,在制备低熔点玻璃质块时,向低熔点玻璃质块中加入标定尺寸的耐火氧化物陶瓷颗粒。
进一步有利的可以是,在电压施加到压电元件的电极上时,使极化电流稳定。
另外有利的可以是,至少方法步骤4至6实施成,使得压电元件和摩擦元件位于炉中。
在此有利的可以是,方法步骤4至6在惰性气体氛围下实施。
附图说明
其中:
图1示出以矩形压电致动器形式的压电元件,其中,摩擦元件要安装在压电元件上;
图2示出用于执行根据本发明的方法的示意构造;
图3示出根据图1的压电元件,其中,摩擦元件已根据本发明方法与压电元件连接。
具体实施方式
图1示出以矩形板形式的、由压电陶瓷材料制成的压电元件1,该压电陶瓷材料是具有不同添加物的PbTiO3-PbZrO3系的硬压电PZT基陶瓷。在陶瓷元件1的在图1中向前指向的主面4上设有激发电极2,并且在图1中向后指向的、不能被看见的主面5上设有通用电极3。压电元件1总共包括8个侧面,其中,在图1中向上指向的侧面8具有限定接触面9的区域,并且接触面9设置用于通过低熔点玻璃质块12与摩擦元件11的连接面10连接。
压电元件的压电陶瓷的居里点温度位于280至350℃的范围内。摩擦元件11由基于Al2O3的氧化物陶瓷制成。摩擦元件也可由ZrO2、SiC、Si3N4或者由其它硬的耐磨的氧化物陶瓷制成。另外,该摩擦元件也可由硬的单晶体制成,例如由蓝宝石、红宝石或者刚玉制成。
低熔点玻璃质块12由低熔点玻璃颗粒和粘合剂制成。作为低熔点且含铅的玻璃使用包括PbO-P2O5的系。另外也可想到具有不同添加剂的包括Pb(PO3)2-Zn(BO2)2、Pb(PO3)2-V2O5或PbO-B2O3的系。另外也可使用具有低熔点玻璃的其它系,它们与压电元件1的压电PZT基陶瓷和摩擦元件11的氧化物陶瓷形成稳固连接。玻璃颗粒的大小可位于10至100微米的范围内,并且玻璃颗粒的大小在此是50微米。
图2以示意方式示出用于实施根据本发明的方法的器械构造。压电元件在此与摩擦元件一起被放置于炉13中。在放入炉中之前进行方法步骤1和2,即制备低熔点玻璃质块和将低熔点玻璃质块设置在摩擦元件11的连接面10与压电元件1的接触面9之间。
在方法步骤1中,将低熔点玻璃颗粒与粘合剂混合。向低熔点玻璃质块中加入标定尺寸的耐火氧化物陶瓷颗粒,例如加入Al2O3或者ZrO2。颗粒尺寸决定了低熔点玻璃质块的层厚度,并且可位于10至100微米的范围内。作为粘合剂可以使用不同的有机材料,例如可以使用凡士林、石蜡、聚乙烯醇和其它材料,这些有机材料当在后续一个方法步骤中施加热量时燃烧或汽化。接下来,将低熔点玻璃质块加工成厚度在0.05至0.2微米范围内的薄膜或者加工成膏。
在方法步骤2中,将低熔点玻璃质块以薄膜的形式放置于摩擦元件11与压电元件1之间,或者将低熔点玻璃质块以膏的形式涂覆到摩擦元件11的连接面10上和/或压电元件1的接触面9上。此外可想到,将低熔点玻璃质块熔化到摩擦元件11的连接面10上和/或压电元件1的接触面9上。
接下来进行方法步骤3,施加挤压力,并且由此将摩擦元件11的连接面10和压电元件1的接触面9与设置在摩擦元件的连接面与压电元件的接触面之间的低熔点玻璃质块12相互挤压,并且对于后续所有方法步骤维持所述挤压力。在具体的实例中,将根据方法步骤1和2准备的各部件即压电元件1和摩擦元件11在相互挤压之前借助直线导向装置15放置到炉13的内部空间中,在该内部空间中,用于将摩擦元件11的连接面10与压电元件1的接触面9相互挤压的力的施加通过由外伸入到炉空间中的压头14得以实现,该压头将摩擦元件11朝向压电元件1挤压,并且该压头在炉外由质块加载。对于后续所有方法步骤维持如此施加到摩擦元件11上的压力或挤压力,利用所述压力或挤压力将摩擦元件11的连接面10挤压靠到压电元件1的接触面上,在摩擦元件的连接面与压电元件的接触面之间同时存在低熔点玻璃质块12。
在方法步骤4中,在炉13中借助加热器17通过闭合开关16将压电元件1和摩擦元件11加热到限定的温度,该限定的温度高于压电元件1的压电陶瓷材料的居里点并且高于低熔点玻璃质块12的熔点。该限定的温度位于400至500℃之间。
借助温度探测器19和控制器20监控加热温度。可以将用于温度探测器19的控制器20通过电联接装置21与用于自动控制加热器17温度的装置18连接。
在实施方法步骤4之前或者在实施方法步骤4的同时或者在实施方法步骤4之后,在方法步骤5中将极化电压Up通过电阻23和开关24施加到压电元件1的电极2和3上,该极化电压由电压供应装置22提供。在此,电压强度选择成,使得产生极化电场Ep,该极化电场Ep的场强位于500至1000V/mm之间。在此,该极化电场Ep的场强取决于待极化的压电陶瓷的类型。在达到低熔点玻璃质块的熔化温度时开始相应的熔化过程,并且开始玻璃分子的扩散,该玻璃分子通过接触面9扩散到邻接于接触面的压电元件1区域,并且通过连接面10扩散到邻接于连接面10的摩擦元件11区域。同时完全燃烧或汽化低熔点玻璃质块的有机粘合剂组分,从而仅剩下低熔点玻璃材料。
压电元件所经受的高加热温度有积极的边缘效应,即压电陶瓷的域大幅震荡,由此所述压电陶瓷的域通过相对低的电场Ep就已经能够简单地被沿一个方向定向。换言之,在温度的影响下实现了更简单或者更快的压电陶瓷极化。
在定向压电陶瓷中的域时,压电陶瓷轻微变形。但是因为低熔点玻璃质块在这个过程中处于熔融状态,所以这在压电元件1和摩擦元件11内部和/或它们的表面上不导致机械应力。
在5至10分钟的极化保持时间之后,在方法步骤6中降低加热温度至低于压电元件1的压电陶瓷的居里点。在此,将压电陶瓷的域固定在目前基本上单向的形势下,并且结束极化过程。现在可以移除极化场Ep或者极化电压Up,并且在没有电压施加到压电元件的电极上的情况下,将炉13内或者炉13外的温度降低至室温。在此,低熔点玻璃完全凝固。
在相应的方法步骤内在压电元件1的加热和冷却阶段期间可以稳定极化电流Ip。这可以借助限流电阻23实现。
如果压电元件1的电极2、3由银(Ag)制成,上述连接过程可以在空气氛围下实施。但是如果压电元件1的电极2、3由铬(Cr)-铜(Cu)-镍(Ni)(金(Au))制成或者压电元件1的电极2、3通过镍(Ni)的化学沉积制成,那么有利的是,方法步骤4至6在惰性气体氛围下实施,例如在氩气氛围下实施,其中,相应的惰性气体可从压力容器25被引入到炉13的内部空间中。这减少或者阻止在压电元件1加热温度高时的电极氧化。
Claims (7)
1.用于将陶瓷的摩擦元件(11)与由压电陶瓷材料制成的元件连接的方法,该由压电陶瓷材料制成的元件限定压电元件(1),其中,该压电元件(1)具有至少一个激发电极(2)和至少一个与该激发电极间隔开距离的通用电极(3),并且在激发电极(2)和通用电极(3)之间设有压电元件(1)的压电陶瓷材料的至少一部分,该方法包括下列方法步骤:
步骤1:制备低熔点玻璃质块(12);
步骤2:将低熔点玻璃质块(12)设置在摩擦元件(11)的连接面(10)与压电元件(1)的接触面(9)之间;
步骤3:施加挤压力,并且将摩擦元件(11)的连接面(10)和压电元件(1)的接触面(9)与设置在摩擦元件的连接面与压电元件的接触面之间的低熔点玻璃质块(12)相互挤压,并且对于后续所有方法步骤维持所述挤压力;
步骤4:将压电元件(1)和摩擦元件(11)加热到限定的温度,该限定的温度高于压电元件(1)的压电陶瓷材料的居里点并且高于低熔点玻璃质块(12)的熔点;
步骤5:在压电元件(1)和摩擦元件(11)达到限定的温度之后并且在维持限定的温度的情况下,将极化电压Up施加到压电元件(1)的电极(2、3)上,从而在电极(2、3)之间的压电陶瓷材料中产生用于将压电陶瓷材料极化的电场Ep,并且在限定的时间段内维持该电场Ep;
步骤6:在维持用于极化的电场Ep至低于居里点的情况下,冷却压电元件(1)和摩擦元件(11),并且在低于居里点之后,移除施加到电极(2、3)上的极化电压Up;
步骤7:在没有电压施加到电极(2、3)上的情况下,将压电元件(1)和摩擦元件(11)冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,低熔点玻璃质块(12)以薄膜或者膏的形式制备并且由有机粘合剂和低熔点玻璃颗粒制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在燃烧有机粘合剂的同时通过熔化来将低熔点玻璃质块(12)施加在压电元件(1)的接触面(9)上和/或摩擦元件(11)的连接面(10)上。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在制备低熔点玻璃质块(12)时,向低熔点玻璃质块中加入标定尺寸的耐火氧化物陶瓷颗粒。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在将极化电压Up施加到压电元件(1)的电极(2、3)上时,使极化电流Ip稳定。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,至少步骤4至6实施成,使得压电元件(1)和摩擦元件(11)位于炉(13)中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法步骤在惰性气体氛围下实施。
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