CN109177387A - 用于平视显示器系统的热塑性片材 - Google Patents
用于平视显示器系统的热塑性片材 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109177387A CN109177387A CN201810878260.7A CN201810878260A CN109177387A CN 109177387 A CN109177387 A CN 109177387A CN 201810878260 A CN201810878260 A CN 201810878260A CN 109177387 A CN109177387 A CN 109177387A
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Abstract
用于制造意在显示信息的机动车辆或建筑物的透明窗玻璃、特别是层压窗玻璃的热塑性片材,所述片材的特征在于其包含一种表现出在紫外区域的吸收带的化合物,所述化合物的作为入射辐射能量的函数的漫反射光谱的特征在于通过所述曲线拐点处的切线(1)与其更高能量处的渐近线(2)之间的交点所确定的该反射曲线上的V值,该V值为3.06至3.65eV。
Description
本申请是中国申请号为201380010628.3,申请日为2013年2月22日,发明名称为“用于平视显示器系统的热塑性片材”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及使用透明屏幕的显示器系统,特别是机动车辆的挡风玻璃或建筑物的窗玻璃。非常特别地,即使不限于此,本发明涉及平视显示器系统(systèmes devisualization dits tête haute)或HUD或平视系统领域。此类系统特别可用于飞机座舱或火车,但是如今也可用于私人机动车辆(汽车、卡车等等)。这些系统特别能够通知车辆驾驶者,而无需后者将视线从车辆前方的视野中移开,这能够极大地提高安全性。根据另一可能的实施方案,本发明的窗玻璃还可以用作能显示信息的透明或半透明窗(vitrines)。
在传统HUD系统中,信息投射到并非完全透明的窗玻璃上,该信息可以反射至驾驶员或观察者。驾驶员感知位于挡风玻璃后方一定距离处的虚像。
以最常规的方式,通过将信息投影到具有叠层结构——即由两个玻璃板和塑料嵌入物形成的结构——的挡风玻璃上来获得此类图像,所述塑料嵌入物通常包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成。但是,驾驶员随后观察到重像:由朝向驾驶舱内部的挡风玻璃表面反射的第一图像,和挡风玻璃外表面反射的第二图像,这两个图像相对于彼此略微偏移。这种偏移会干扰对信息的观察。为了克服这一问题,可以提及在专利US 5013 134中提供的解决方案,其中描述了使用两个玻璃板与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)嵌入物形成的层压挡风玻璃的平视显示器系统,其两个外表面并不平行,而是为楔形(coin)形式,使得被显示源投射并被朝向驾驶舱的挡风玻璃表面反射的图像与来自同一来源并被朝向外部的挡风玻璃表面反射的图像几乎重叠。为了抑制重像,通常通过使用嵌入的片材制造楔形层压窗玻璃,该嵌入片材的厚度从窗玻璃上缘向下缘减少。但是,该PVB的轮廓必须非常均匀,并且不会表现出厚度的变化,因为这些变化会在装配过程中传播到挡风玻璃上,并导致角度的局部变化。
或者,在专利US 6 979 499 B2提供了将具有适当波长的电磁波束(特别是在近UV区域,实际上甚至在可见光区域)发送到直接混入窗玻璃中并能够通过发射可见光区域中的光辐射来响应该激发的发光体上。以这种方式,在挡风玻璃上形成真实而不再是虚幻的图像。此外,该图像可以被车辆的所有乘坐者看到。专利US 6 979 499 B2特别描述了具有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)类型的嵌入片材的层压窗玻璃,其两个外表面是平行的,并且其中混入发光体。根据入射激发辐射的波长来选择该发光体。该波长可以在紫外区域中,特别是在300 至400纳米之间。在该入射辐射下的发光体发射在可见光区域内的辐射。根据该文献,此类结构能够在挡风玻璃或窗玻璃上直接还原任何目标的图像。根据该公开内容,该发光体产品以连续层形式沉积在构成该层压窗玻璃的片材之一(PVB或玻璃)的整个主表面上。通过选择性激发发光体层的预定区域来获得所需图像。图像的定位及其形状通过由外部装置控制与调制的激发源获得。
为了使生成的信息足够明亮,通常必须使用产生浓缩光的激发源,如激光二极管。术语“浓缩”在本说明书的含义中理解为是指在窗玻璃处(au niveau du vitrage)由该发光源获得的光束的每单位面积功率大于120mW.cm-2,优选为200mW.cm-2至20 000mW.cm-2,实际上甚至为500mW.cm-2至10 000mW.cm-2。但是,使用此类光源存在与该光束的功率和波长相关的危险,特别是在车辆外部。特别地,当使用在UV区域中产生高浓度辐射的激发光束运行时,该窗玻璃必须强烈吸收该UV辐射以防止所述辐射向外部逸出。
与使用浓缩光源相关的另一基本问题涉及所用的发光体,该发光体必须在外部UV辐射下或在浓缩入射辐射下不劣化,以便提供具有适当寿命的显示功能。
亮度和透明度的迫切需要指向其中发光体优选为有机的解决方案。这是因为申请人公司进行的试验显示,无机发光体粒子会导致过高的光散射(如果它们的尺寸过大)或导致低劣的发光效率(如果它们的尺寸过小)。
根据所考虑的一个方面,更特别在机动车辆领域中使用窗玻璃的情况下,已知的是存在于太阳辐射中的紫外线会导致驾驶舱(仪表板、门等等)中使用的塑料快速分解,实际上甚至略微导致PVB分解。为了克服这一现象,标准做法是在塑料(通常为PVB)中混入吸收入射太阳辐射中的UV-A(波长为280至320纳米的辐射)和UV-B(波长为320至400纳米的辐射)射线的有机化合物。插入的分子通常是苯并三唑族的分子。此类产品目前以名称Tinuvin或Tinuvin或Songsorb销售。
存在这些“抗UV”化合物所造成的问题在于它们与发光体在吸收浓缩激发辐射(absorption du rayonnement concentréd'excitation)方面引起竞争。这是因为,如果在紫外区域中或非常靠近紫外区域的区域中选择激发光源,该发光体与该抗UV化合物均吸收该入射辐射。其结果在于剥夺了该发光体的一部分激发源并由此降低了在窗玻璃上测得的最终亮度。特别地,发明人已经能够发现,其中该热塑性片材缺少此类抗UV分子的窗玻璃表现出明显更大的亮度。
但是,要注意的是,为了保护PVB和上面解释的硬塑料,完全消除这些抗UV化合物是无法设想的,特别是在挡风玻璃类型的应用中。
本发明的目的因此是提供一种对上述问题的解决方案。特别地,本发明的目的是提供一种混有能够吸收该太阳辐射的几乎所有UV-A射线和UV-B射线的插入的热塑性片材的窗玻璃,并且其在电磁激发下的亮度,当后者在近紫外区域或甚至在可见光区域中时,足以实现信息的可视化:
-对车辆的驾驶员,如果该窗玻璃用作挡风玻璃,或
-对外部观察者,如果该窗玻璃特别用作窗,特别是在白天观看。
附图说明
图1是显示本发明的挡风玻璃与装置的概要图;
图2是显示实施例1(现有技术)、4(本发明)和7(参比)的片材的光谱的图;
图3是显示作为入射辐射能量的函数的选择性吸收紫外线的化合物的UV/可见吸收光谱的测量值的图。
根据本发明通过适当选择构成本发明的窗玻璃的各种元素可以获得此类结果。
更具体而言,根据第一方面,本发明涉及一种用于制造意在显示信息的机动车辆或建筑物的透明窗玻璃,特别是层压窗玻璃的片材,所述片材由热塑性材料组成,该热塑性材料包含一种化合物并显示出在紫外区域的吸收带。所述化合物的漫反射光谱(如作为在例如2至4.5eV之间变化的入射辐射能量的函数所测得的那样)的特征在于通过所述曲线拐点处的切线与其更高能量处的渐近线之间的交点所确定的该反射曲线上的V值,该V值为3.06至3.65eV。
如图2中所示,术语“更高能量处的渐近线”理解为是指对于远大于V值的能量值(例如大于3.75eV的那些)与该反射曲线相切的直线,对此该反射基本达到其最小值。
根据本发明,对该化合物的商品粉末直接测量漫反射光谱。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,其可以非常明显地相互组合:
-该V值为3.14至3.50eV。
该热塑性片材表现出大于98%、优选大于99%的在310至340纳米之间的整体吸光度(absorbance intégrée)。
该热塑性材料选自PVB、增塑的PVC、聚氨酯PU或乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯EVA;特别地,该塑料是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。
所述化合物选自:2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯甲酮、N-(2-乙氧基苯基)-N'-(2-乙基苯基)乙二酰胺和2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-对甲酚。
该热塑性片材的厚度为300至1600微米,优选为300至800微米。
本发明特别涉及如上所述的片材,并且该片材附加地包含混入所述片材中的发光体材料,所述发光体吸收在300至420纳米之间发射的入射激发辐射,并在所述激发后释放在可见光区域内的辐射。
优选所述发光体是羟基对苯二甲酸酯,特别是扩展式的羟基对苯二甲酸烷基酯ROOC-Φ(OH)x-COOR:
其中Φ代表被至少一个羟基(OH)基团取代的苯环,R是包含1至10个碳原子的烃链,x等于1或2。
根据特别有利的形式,所述发光体是符合下列扩展式的2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二烷基酯:
根据本发明,该热塑性片材此外还可包含特别选自苯胺、二苯胺和二胺的H°-给体添加剂。
本发明还涉及机动车辆挡风玻璃类型或建筑物窗玻璃类型的用于显示信息的层压窗玻璃,包含至少两个透明的无机玻璃或耐有机材料的片材的组件,其通过包含至少一种如上所述的热塑性片材的插入物彼此连接。
最后,本发明涉及用于在透明窗玻璃上显示图像的装置,包括上述层压窗玻璃和激光器类型的浓缩电磁辐射发生源,其辐射为350至410nm,该辐射被引导朝向包含该发光体层的窗玻璃的一个或多个区域。
在此类显示装置中,电磁辐射的发生源通常包含至少一个发射激发辐射的半导体激光器(diode laser),其波长小于410nm并优选为350至405nm。
优选地,该显示装置附加地包含用于调制辐射发生源的功率的装置,特别是为了对该窗玻璃外部的照明条件调节亮度,例如随着该窗玻璃暴露于阳光的条件而改变。
例如,该调制装置可以限定至少一种适于日用的功率和至少一种低于上述功率并适于夜用的功率。
此外,本发明涉及制造根据前述实施之一所述的层压窗玻璃的方法,据此,经由挤出法将该发光体插入到PVB类型的热塑性片材中,或者它们可以通过溶液沉积技术沉积在该热塑性片材上,并随后在压热器下进行该窗玻璃的层压,所述溶液沉积技术选自喷涂、丝网印刷、层流涂布、卷对卷处理、喷墨涂布或胶印、柔版凹版或照相凹版类型的技术。
在结合附图阅读下面的本发明的实施方案时将更好地理解本发明及其优点。
附图能够阐述本发明及其优点;
在该图中,图解显示了本发明的挡风玻璃与装置:
该挡风玻璃1由两个片材2和9组成,所述片材通常由玻璃制成,但是也可能由聚碳酸酯类型的耐性塑料组成。在两个片材之间存在塑料插入片材3,如PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)、塑化PVC、PU或EVA,或结合例如PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的多层热塑性插入物,该层的次序为例如PVB/PET/PVB。
构成插入物3的热塑性片材的至少一种在层压前,也就是说在组装各片材前,在其至少一个表面上用有机发光体(特别是对苯二甲酸酯类型的)、用根据本发明特别吸收UV射线的化合物、和任选用提供H°基团给体的类型(type donneur de radicaux H°)的保护性添加剂进行填充或浸渍。
发射激发辐射的激光光源4用于输送具有接近400纳米的波长的浓缩入射辐射7。通常调节该波长以使得以分子形式溶解(solvaté)在插入的热塑性片材3中的发光体10表现出高的入射辐射吸收系数。其随后重新发射在可见光区域内的辐射。
该发光体发射的可见辐射随后可以直接被驾驶员的眼睛5观察到,驾驶员由此可以在挡风玻璃上看到该对象,而无需使眼睛离开道路。以这种方式,图像可以在层压挡风玻璃上直接显现,而不必调节后者的结构,例如插入片材的厚度,这使得能够经济地制造HUD系统。
用于产生该浓缩辐射的光源是例如但不限于固态激光器、半导体激光二极管、气体激光器、染料激光器或受激准分子激光器。通常,产生浓缩和定向通量(在本发明含义中)的电磁辐射的任何已知光源可以用作本发明的激发光源。
根据一个实施方案,有可能使用DLP投影机以便根据申请US 2005/231652,第[0021]段中描述的方法调制激发波。还有可能根据本发明使用申请US 2004/0232826中所述的装置、特别是结合图3所述的装置作为激发光源。
除了用微镜矩阵操作的DLP投影机之外,使用MEMS(微型机电系统)技术的投影机,特别是借助单一反射镜偏转入射光束(特别是激光光束)的投影机,也可以根据本发明使用。
该发光体、根据本发明具体吸收紫外线的化合物和(如果合适的话)给予H°基团给体类型的保护性添加剂可以在其挤出过程中插入到该PVB片材中。
根据另一可能的途径,它们可以通过喷涂或丝网涂布技术、通过喷墨涂布类型的技术或通过胶印、柔版凹版或照相凹版类型的技术沉积在该PVB片材上。
显而易见的是,该发光体、特异性吸收紫外线的化合物和保护性添加剂(所有三种均具有有机性质)可以由此以足够密切的方式混入该PVB塑料片材中,以使得它们的存在不再能够被常规光显微镜技术检测到。这不能被解释为任何一种理论,一种可能的解释是添加到该塑料中的有机分子在通过压热器后完全溶解在该PVB片材中,也就是说,在结束时它们在塑料中以单个分子的形式在其中重逢。
当然由于这种现象,申请人已经发现,在其中通过透明窗玻璃显示图像的应用的情况下。使用发光体,例如申请WO 2010/139889中所描述的羟基对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体能够有效地应对以下要求,所述要求对此类应用而言是必须的:
a)该图像的可接受的锐度,
b)小于2%、实际上甚至小于1%的通过将该层贴附到挡风玻璃上带来的雾度,根据标准Ansi Z26.1 1996测得,
c)大于70%且优选大于75%的透光率,
d)针对入射的太阳UV辐射和针对激发辐射,特别是激光辐射的令人满意的耐久性,
e)足以被驾驶员观察到(特别是在白天观看时)的发光强度。
特别地,对于e)点,如下面的实施例所显示的那样,表现出上述紫外线吸收的具体特性的附加化合物的具体选择能够显著改善窗玻璃的亮度性能。
前述实施方案当然不以任何方式在上述任意方限制本发明。
实施例:
下列实施例能够说明实现本发明的包含发光体的层压挡风玻璃及其优点的实例:
首先,合成层压挡风玻璃,其包含通过厚度为760微米但不包含在除UVB之外的紫外区域中吸收的产品的插入PVB片材连接的两个玻璃片材序列。根据本领域的公知技术进行组装。
在层压前,按照大约10×10平方厘米尺寸的正方形沉积发光体层。该发光体是申请WO 2010/139889中描述的2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯。该发光体通过常规丝网印刷技术沉积在玻璃板2的内表面上,也就是说在组装阶段前转向PVB片材的面上(参见附图)。在不离开本发明的范围的情况下,该发光体还可以沉积在PVB的内表面上或通过挤出混入该PVB片材中。
更具体地,该发光体在包含PVB类型粘合剂的THF类型溶剂中与选择性吸收紫外线的各种化合物一起以混合物形式预先稀释。调节该稀释以便最终获得相对于PVB总重量为0.5%的发光体浓度和0.1%的吸收紫外线的化合物浓度。
该混合物随后根据常规技术丝网印刷在玻璃板上。通过丝网印刷沉积并在PVB混合物中混有该发光体和附加化合物的初始层的厚度为大约10至40微米。
随后令溶剂蒸发,随后根据本领域中常规的压热技术用两个玻璃板和PVB片材进行层压。由此获得图中所述的挡风玻璃。
由此获得向其中插入下表1中给出的各种附加化合物的不同窗玻璃。样品1和2代表现有技术,而样品3至6代表本发明。还制造了对比例(实施例7),其中在窗玻璃中仅混入发光体。
根据下列方案测量该系统的特性参数:
根据机动车标准Ansi Z26.1(1996)测量雾度。
在激发激光二极管产生的辐射的作用下该窗玻璃的亮度根据以下方法测量:在大约2平方厘米的表面积上,将该光束直接导向包含该发光体的窗玻璃的一部分。亮度计朝向发射的光的斑点并以cd/m2为单位连续测量亮度。
测量发射辐射的初始亮度,如上所述,大约数百cd/m2的亮度被认为足以令该光斑对观察暴露于日光的正常条件下的道路的驾驶员可见。该亮度是相对于参比例7的窗玻璃所测得的亮度。
采用试验测量针对入射的太阳紫外辐射的耐久性,该测试包括根据标准ISO4892(部分2)在90℃的温度下将窗玻璃连续暴露于氙弧灯发射的辐射以模拟太阳辐射。耐久性定义为初始亮度降低一半所需的时间。
在Hach Lange DR5000分光光度计上进行UV/可见光吸收测量。实施例1(现有技术)、4(本发明)和7(参比)的片材的光谱已经在图2中给出。可以看出,在不存在吸收紫外线的附加化合物的情况下,一部分入射的紫外辐射未被该片材吸收。另一方面,对于实施例1和4的片材,所有入射的紫外辐射均被该片材吸收。根据常规技术,采用放置在装有覆盖Spectralon的积分球的Cary Varian 5G分光光度计中的这些化合物的粉末获得选择性吸收紫外线的化合物的漫反射光谱。在图3中,已经给出了作为入射辐射能量的函数的这些UV/可见吸收光谱的测量。可以看出,V值(其中在拐点处和在高能量处的切线相交)随着所述化合物的化学性质而非常不同:对于样品1和2(根据现有技术)测得低于3.06eV,对于样品3至6(根据本发明)测得高于3.06eV。
其中:
Tinuvin2-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲基苯酚
Songsorb2-(2'-羟基-3',5'-二叔戊基苯基)苯并三唑
2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯甲酮
Tinuvin乙二酰胺,N-(2-乙氧基苯基)-N'-(2-乙基苯基)
Milestab2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-对甲酚
Uvinul2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯。
表1中给出的结果表明,在不存在吸收紫外线的附加化合物的情况下,实施例7的窗玻璃表现出最高的亮度值。但是,表1中给出的数据表明,根据目前生效的标准,此类窗玻璃不能使用,特别是在机动车辆领域:仅有96%的327纳米(3.79eV)的UV辐射被该窗玻璃吸收。如上所述,此类特性可能会随时间推移而导致塑料的劣化。
混有常规用于机动车领域的吸收紫外线的化合物的实施例1和2的样品吸收了所有的入射紫外线。但是,当它们用于显示信息时,对这些窗玻璃观察到相对低的亮度。
上表1中给出的数据清楚地表明,根据本发明使用选择性吸收紫外线的化合物能够获得同时表现出针对来自太阳辐射的UV辐射的驾驶舱完全防护与在UV激发下的高发光效率的窗玻璃。
Claims (15)
1.用于制造意在显示信息的机动车辆或建筑物的透明窗玻璃、特别是层压窗玻璃的热塑性片材,所述片材的特征在于其包含一种表现出在紫外区域的吸收带的化合物,所述化合物的作为入射辐射能量的函数的漫反射光谱的特征在于通过所述曲线拐点处的切线(1)与其更高能量处的渐近线(2)之间的交点所确定的该反射曲线上的V值,该V值为3.06至3.65eV。
2.根据权利要求1所要求保护的热塑性片材,其中该V值为3.14至3.50eV。
3.如前述权利要求之一所要求保护的热塑性片材,其表现出大于98%、优选大于99%的在310至340纳米之间的整体吸光度。
4.如前述权利要求之一所要求保护的热塑性片材,其中该热塑性材料选自PVB、增塑的PVC、聚氨酯PU或乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯EVA。
5.如前述权利要求之一所要求保护的热塑性片材,其中该塑料是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。
6.如前述权利要求之一所要求保护的热塑性片材,其中所述化合物选自2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯甲酮、N-(2-乙氧基苯基)-N'-(2-乙基苯基)乙二酰胺和2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-对甲酚。
7.如前述权利要求之一所要求保护的热塑性片材,其厚度为300至1600微米,优选为300至800微米。
8.如前述权利要求之一所要求保护的热塑性片材,附加地包含混在所述片材中的发光体材料,所述发光体吸收在300至420纳米之间发射的入射激发辐射并在所述激发后释放在可见光区域的辐射。
9.如前述权利要求所要求保护的热塑性片材,其中所述发光体是羟基对苯二甲酸酯。
10.如前述权利要求所要求保护的热塑性片材,其中所述发光体是扩展式的羟基对苯二甲酸烷基酯ROOC-Φ(OH)x-COOR:
其中Φ代表被至少一个羟基(OH)基团取代的苯环,R是包含1至10个碳原子的烃链,x等于1或2。
11.如前述权利要求所要求保护的热塑性片材,其中所述发光体是符合下列扩展式的2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二烷基酯:
12.如前述权利要求之一所要求保护的热塑性片材,附加地包含H°-给体添加剂。
13.如前述权利要求所要求保护的热塑性片材,其中该H°-给体添加剂选自苯胺、二苯胺和二胺。
14.机动车辆挡风玻璃类型或建筑物窗玻璃类型的用于显示信息的层压窗玻璃,包含至少两个透明的无机玻璃或耐有机材料的片材的组件,其通过包含至少一种如权利要求1至13之一所要求保护的热塑性片材的插入物彼此连接。
15.用于在透明窗玻璃上显示图像的装置,包括如前述权利要求所要求保护的层压窗玻璃和激光器类型的浓缩电磁辐射发生源,其辐射为350至410nm,该辐射朝向包含该发光体层的窗玻璃的一个或多个区域。
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