CN109156291A - 一种稻虾生态共养方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种稻虾生态共养方法,本发明在稻田四周建立田埂,增加稻田内的含水量,便于龙虾生长,水生植物的种植为小龙虾提供了栖息和隐蔽场所,为小龙虾创造了良好的生长环境,同时在小龙虾捕捞后,小龙虾新陈代谢产物为水稻生产增加有机肥,可为水稻生长提供丰富的有机肥料,减少水稻种植过程中,化肥和农药的使用量,相互促进生长,同时有效利用了稻田的空间,水质保持方面,土壤中及饲料中含有的有机成分,分解成氨,使水体中氨氮含量增高,水质容易富营养化,通过定期向水中施洒多菌生物剂,生物剂中芽孢杆菌、光合细菌、硝化细菌和放线菌生物代谢,可使水中氨氮固定和转化,为水稻生长提供营养,同时减少水中氨氮含量,本发明养殖的小龙虾生长快、规格整齐,且不影响水稻的正常生产,一田两用,大大提高了收益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及小龙虾养殖领域,特别涉及一种稻虾生态共养方法。
背景技术
小龙虾繁殖快、养殖周期短,同时肉质鲜美,营养丰富,市场需求量大,具有广阔的发展前景,经济效益很高,广泛存在于我国淡水池中。然由于水体污染严重,导致野生小龙虾的品质受到严重影响;同时,野生资源的过量捕捞和落后的人工养殖技术,引起种质资源退化和产量的下降。为满足市场需求,越来越多的人开始尝试生态养殖,但目前稻田养殖方法与模式不当,产出的小龙虾普遍存在个体较小、色泽较差且病害较多,使得小龙虾的成活率与产量均受到影响,且不能保证养殖户获得相应的经济效益。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种稻虾生态共养方法,充分利用稻田资源,养殖过程不使用农药、化肥,提高小龙虾品质。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种稻虾生态共养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)稻田改造与建设:选择养殖小龙虾的稻田,对稻田的田埂进行加高加固,使田埂的高度高出稻田平面1.2-1.5m,埂宽为1.5-2m,坡比为1:2.5-3,沿稻田田埂内1m处开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽为1.8-2m,深度为1.5-1.6m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别设有防逃设施;在稻田四周田埂上用高度60cm的钙塑板或石棉瓦围栏,下端埋入土中20cm;
(2)稻田消毒:向稻田、养殖沟内施撒生石灰进行消毒,每亩施撒量为10-15kg,同时进行翻耕暴晒,静置;
(3)种植水草:在养殖沟中种植伊乐藻、苦草、轮叶黑藻,覆盖率20-30%,田埂内侧四周种植水花生;养殖沟中注水,加水40-50cm深,然后随着伊乐藻长高直到水位加至高于田面10-20cm;
(4)虾苗投放:在3-5月份,在养殖沟中投放虾苗,投放规格5-6g/只,眉目投放20-30kg;
(5)饲养管理:
a养殖前期:进入9月以后,降低水位,喂食以精饲料和动物性饲料为主,辅以粗饲料;从10月底至次年2月份,养殖沟中追施氨基酸肥和有益微生物制剂培肥;
b养殖中期:次年3-4月份,喂食以精饲料为主,粗饲料为辅,每天早晚投喂两次,早上投喂量占全天的30%,傍晚投喂量占全天的70%;5月份开始调整以粗饲料为主,精饲料为辅,每天早晚投喂两次;
c养殖后期:次年6-8月份,降低水位,露出田面,捕捞小龙虾,同时选取抗倒伏、抗病虫害和产量高的优质水稻品种进行种植,种植密度为3000-4000株每亩,按常规方法管理。
优选地,稻田要求水质良好、水量充足、周围没有污染源、保水能力较强。
优选地,步骤(4)放苗时,对虾苗消毒,放入4%淡盐水中浸泡5分钟。
优选地,所述精饲料包括菜饼、芝麻粕、高粱粉、小麦粉、菌糠。
优选地,所述动物性饲料的原料包括鱼粉、虾壳粉、蚯蚓粉、螺丝肉。
优选地,所述粗饲料包括稻草、玉米秸秆。
优选地,所述有益微生物制剂成分包括芽孢杆菌、光合细菌、硝化细菌和放线菌;其施洒量为稻田注水质量的0.2%-0.3%。
优选地,步骤(5)养殖前期每日饲料投喂量为小龙虾体重的1.5-2%。
优选地,步骤(5)养殖中期每日饲料投喂量为小龙虾体重的3-4%。
本发明的有益效果:本发明在稻田四周建立田埂,增加稻田内的含水量,便于龙虾生长,水生植物的种植为小龙虾提供了栖息和隐蔽场所,为小龙虾创造了良好的生长环境,同时在小龙虾捕捞后,小龙虾新陈代谢产物为水稻生产增加有机肥,可为水稻生长提供丰富的有机肥料,减少水稻种植过程中,化肥和农药的使用量,相互促进生长,同时有效利用了稻田的空间,水质保持方面,土壤中及饲料中含有的有机成分,分解成氨,使水体中氨氮含量增高,水质容易富营养化,通过定期向水中施洒多菌生物剂,生物剂中芽孢杆菌、光合细菌、硝化细菌和放线菌生物代谢,可使水中氨氮固定和转化,为水稻生长提供营养,同时减少水中氨氮含量,本发明养殖的小龙虾生长快、规格整齐,且不影响水稻的正常生产,一田两用,大大提高了收益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)稻田改造与建设:选择养殖小龙虾的稻田,稻田要求水质良好、水量充足、周围没有污染源、保水能力较强;对稻田的田埂进行加高加固,使田埂的高度高出稻田平面1.5m,埂宽为2m,坡比为1:2.5,沿稻田田埂内1m处开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽为2m,深度为1.5m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别设有防逃设施;在稻田四周田埂上用高度60cm的钙塑板或石棉瓦围栏,下端埋入土中20cm;
(2)稻田消毒:向稻田、养殖沟内施撒生石灰进行消毒,每亩施撒量为15kg,同时进行翻耕暴晒,静置;
(3)种植水草:在养殖沟中种植伊乐藻、苦草、轮叶黑藻,覆盖率20-30%,田埂内侧四周种植水花生;养殖沟中注水,加水40-50cm深,然后随着伊乐藻长高直到水位加至高于田面10-20cm;
(4)虾苗投放:在3-5月份,在养殖沟中投放虾苗,投放规格5g/只,眉目投放20-30kg,放苗时,对虾苗消毒,放入4%淡盐水中浸泡5分钟;
(5)饲养管理:
a养殖前期:进入9月以后,降低水位,喂食以精饲料和动物性饲料占85-88%,辅以粗饲料占12-15%,每日饲料投喂量为小龙虾体重的1.5-2%;从10月底至次年2月份,养殖沟中追施氨基酸肥和有益微生物制剂培肥;有益微生物制剂成分包括芽孢杆菌、光合细菌、硝化细菌和放线菌;其施洒量为稻田注水质量的0.2%-0.3%;
b养殖中期:次年3-4月份,喂食以精饲料占70%,粗饲料占30%,每天早晚投喂两次,早上投喂量占全天的30%,傍晚投喂量占全天的70%;5月份开始调整以粗饲料占65-75%,精饲料占25-35%,每天早晚投喂两次;每日饲料投喂量为小龙虾体重的3-4%;
c养殖后期:次年6-8月份,降低水位,露出田面,捕捞小龙虾,同时选取抗倒伏、抗病虫害和产量高的优质水稻品种进行种植,种植密度为3000-4000株每亩,按常规方法管理。
本实施例中,所述精饲料包括菜饼、芝麻粕、高粱粉、小麦粉、菌糠。
本实施例中,所述动物性饲料的原料包括鱼粉、虾壳粉、蚯蚓粉、螺丝肉。
本实施例中,粗饲料包括稻草、玉米秸秆。
实施例2
(1)稻田改造与建设:选择养殖小龙虾的稻田,稻田要求水质良好、水量充足、周围没有污染源、保水能力较强;对稻田的田埂进行加高加固,使田埂的高度高出稻田平面1.2m,埂宽为1.8m,坡比为1:3,沿稻田田埂内1m处开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽为2m,深度为1.5m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别设有防逃设施;在稻田四周田埂上用高度60cm的钙塑板或石棉瓦围栏,下端埋入土中20cm;
(2)稻田消毒:向稻田、养殖沟内施撒生石灰进行消毒,每亩施撒量为15kg,同时进行翻耕暴晒,静置;
(3)种植水草:在养殖沟中种植伊乐藻、苦草、轮叶黑藻,覆盖率20-30%,田埂内侧四周种植水花生;养殖沟中注水,加水40-50cm深,然后随着伊乐藻长高直到水位加至高于田面10-20cm;
(4)虾苗投放:在3-5月份,在养殖沟中投放虾苗,投放规格5g/只,眉目投放20-30kg,放苗时,对虾苗消毒,放入4%淡盐水中浸泡5分钟;
(5)饲养管理:
a养殖前期:进入9月以后,降低水位,喂食以精饲料和动物性饲料占85-88%,辅以粗饲料占12-15%,每日饲料投喂量为小龙虾体重的1.5-2%;从10月底至次年2月份,养殖沟中追施氨基酸肥和有益微生物制剂培肥;有益微生物制剂成分包括芽孢杆菌、光合细菌、硝化细菌和放线菌;其施洒量为稻田注水质量的0.2%-0.3%;
b养殖中期:次年3-4月份,喂食以精饲料占70%,粗饲料占30%,每天早晚投喂两次,早上投喂量占全天的30%,傍晚投喂量占全天的70%;5月份开始调整以粗饲料占65-75%,精饲料占25-35%,每天早晚投喂两次;每日饲料投喂量为小龙虾体重的3-4%;
c养殖后期:次年6-8月份,降低水位,露出田面,捕捞小龙虾,同时选取抗倒伏、抗病虫害和产量高的优质水稻品种进行种植,种植密度为3000-4000株每亩,按常规方法管理。
本实施例中,所述精饲料包括菜饼、芝麻粕、高粱粉、小麦粉、菌糠。
本实施例中,所述动物性饲料的原料包括鱼粉、虾壳粉、蚯蚓粉、螺丝肉。
本实施例中,粗饲料包括稻草、玉米秸秆。
Claims (9)
1.一种稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)稻田改造与建设:选择养殖小龙虾的稻田,对稻田的田埂进行加高加固,使田埂的高度高出稻田平面1.2-1.5m,埂宽为1.5-2m,坡比为1:2.5-3,沿稻田田埂内1m处开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽为1.8-2m,深度为1.5-1.6m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别设有防逃设施;在稻田四周田埂上用高度60cm的钙塑板或石棉瓦围栏,下端埋入土中20cm;
(2)稻田消毒:向稻田、养殖沟内施撒生石灰进行消毒,每亩施撒量为10-15kg,同时进行翻耕暴晒,静置;
(3)种植水草:在养殖沟中种植伊乐藻、苦草、轮叶黑藻,覆盖率20-30%,田埂内侧四周种植水花生;养殖沟中注水,加水40-50cm深,然后随着伊乐藻长高直到水位加至高于田面10-20cm;
(4)虾苗投放:在3-5月份,在养殖沟中投放虾苗,投放规格5-6g/只,眉目投放20-30kg;
(5)饲养管理:
a养殖前期:进入9月以后,降低水位,喂食以精饲料和动物性饲料为主,辅以粗饲料;从10月底至次年2月份,养殖沟中追施氨基酸肥和有益微生物制剂培肥;
b养殖中期:次年3-4月份,喂食以精饲料为主,粗饲料为辅,每天早晚投喂两次,早上投喂量占全天的30%,傍晚投喂量占全天的70%;5月份开始调整以粗饲料为主,精饲料为辅,每天早晚投喂两次;
c养殖后期:次年6-8月份,降低水位,露出田面,捕捞小龙虾,同时选取抗倒伏、抗病虫害和产量高的优质水稻品种进行种植,种植密度为3000-4000株每亩,按常规方法管理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,稻田要求水质良好、水量充足、周围没有污染源、保水能力较强。
3.根据权利要求1所述的稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)放苗时,对虾苗消毒,放入4%淡盐水中浸泡5分钟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,所述精饲料包括菜饼、芝麻粕、高粱粉、小麦粉、菌糠。
5.根据权利要求1所述的稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,所述动物性饲料的原料包括鱼粉、虾壳粉、蚯蚓粉、螺丝肉。
6.根据权利要求1所述的稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,所述粗饲料包括稻草、玉米秸秆。
7.根据权利要求1所述的稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,所述有益微生物制剂成分包括芽孢杆菌、光合细菌、硝化细菌和放线菌;其施洒量为稻田注水质量的0.2%-0.3%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)养殖前期每日饲料投喂量为小龙虾体重的1.5-2%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的稻虾生态共养方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)养殖中期每日饲料投喂量为小龙虾体重的3-4%。
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