CN109154051B - 具有奥氏体基体的twip钢板 - Google Patents

具有奥氏体基体的twip钢板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109154051B
CN109154051B CN201780030324.1A CN201780030324A CN109154051B CN 109154051 B CN109154051 B CN 109154051B CN 201780030324 A CN201780030324 A CN 201780030324A CN 109154051 B CN109154051 B CN 109154051B
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steel sheet
less
sheet according
amount
steel
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CN109154051A (zh
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科林·斯科特
蒂埃里·永戈
玛丽-克里斯蒂娜·泰西耶
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ArcelorMittal SA
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ArcelorMittal SA
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0468—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment between cold rolling steps
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    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有奥氏体基体的经冷轧和回复的TWIP钢板以及用于制造该TWIP钢的方法。

Description

具有奥氏体基体的TWIP钢板
本发明涉及一种具有奥氏体基体的经冷轧和回复的TWIP钢板以及用于制造该经冷轧和回复的TWIP钢的方法。本发明特别地适用于制造机动车辆。
为了节省车辆的重量，已知使用高强度钢用于制造机动车辆。例如，对于结构部件的制造，必须改善这样的钢的机械特性。然而，虽然钢的强度得到了提高，高碳钢的延伸率降低，并且因此可成形性也会降低。为了克服这些问题，已经出现了具有良好可成形性的孪晶诱发塑性钢(TWIP钢)。虽然这些产品显示出非常好的可成形性，但机械特性例如极限抗拉强度(UTS)和屈服应力(YS)可能不够高而无法满足汽车应用。
专利申请US2006278309公开了一种经热轧的奥氏体铁/碳/锰钢板，其强度大于900MPa，其乘积(强度(以MPa计)*断裂延伸率(以％计))大于45000并且其化学组成包含(含量按重量表示)：0.5％≤C≤0.7％、17％≤Mn≤24％、Si≤3％、Al≤0.050％、S≤0.030％、P≤0.080％、N≤0.1％，以及任选地，一种或更多种元素，例如：Cr≤1％、Mo≤0.40％、Ni≤1％、Cu≤5％、Ti≤0.50％、Nb≤0.50％和V≤0.50％，该组成还包含铁和由熔炼产生的不可避免的杂质，钢的再结晶分数大于75％，钢的析出的碳化物的表面分数小于1.5％并且钢的平均粒度小于18μm。
然而，该奥氏体钢板的强度非常低。实际上，在实例中，在该发明的范围内，强度为1130MPa。
因此，本发明的目的是通过提供具有高强度、优异的可成形性和延伸率的TWIP钢来解决上述缺点。其旨在提供一种可行的且易于实施的方法以获得这种TWIP钢。
该目的通过提供根据权利要求1所述的TWIP钢板来实现。钢板还可以包括权利要求2至12的特征。
另一个目的是通过提供根据权利要求13所述的用于生产TWIP钢板的方法来实现。该方法还可以包括权利要求14至16的特征。
本发明的其他特征和优点将由本发明的以下详细描述而变得明显。
将定义以下术语：
-钢组成中的所有百分比“％”均通过重量限定，
-UTS：极限抗拉强度(MPa)和
-TE：总延伸率(％)。
本发明涉及一种具有奥氏体基体的经冷轧和回复的TWIP钢板，其按重量计包含：
0.71％<C<1.20％，
13.0％≤Mn<25.0％，
S≤0.030％，
P≤0.080％，
N≤0.10％，
0.1％≤Si≤3.0％，
0.1％≤V≤2.50％，
以及在完全任选的基础上，诸如以下的一种或更多种元素，
Cu≤5.0％，
Al≤4.0％，
Nb≤0.50％，
B≤0.0050％，
Cr≤1.0％，
Mo≤0.40％，
Ni≤1.0％，
Ti≤0.50％，
0.06％≤Sn≤0.2％，
组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质形成。
不希望受任何理论约束，看起来根据本发明的TWIP钢板由于这种特定的组成而允许改善机械特性。实际上，认为包含大量C的上述组成允许提高极限抗拉强度等。
关于钢的化学组成，C在显微组织的形成和机械特性方面起重要作用。C增加了堆垛层错能并且促进了奥氏体相的稳定性。当与含量为13.0重量％至25.0重量％的Mn组合时。在存在钒碳化物的情况下，高的Mn含量可以提高钒碳化物(VC)在奥氏体中的溶解度。然而，对于大于1.2％的C含量，存在由于例如(Fe,Mn)3C渗碳体的过度析出而导致延性降低的风险。优选地，碳含量为0.71重量％至1.1重量％，更优选地0.8重量％至1.0重量％并且有利地0.9重量％至1.0重量％以获得任选地与最佳碳化物或碳氮化物析出组合的足够强度。
Mn也是用于提高强度、用于增加堆垛层错能和用于稳定奥氏体相的必要元素。如果其含量小于13.0％，则存在形成马氏体相的风险，这非常明显地降低了可变形性。此外，当锰含量大于25.0％时，抑制了孪晶的形成，因此，虽然强度增加，但是室温下的延性降低。优选地，锰含量为15.0％至24.0％，更优选地17.0％至24.0％以优化堆垛层错能并防止在变形的效应下形成马氏体。此外，当Mn含量大于24.0％时，通过孪晶的变形模式没有通过完全位错滑移的变形模式有利。
Al是对钢的脱氧特别有效的元素。与C一样，其增加了堆垛层错能，这降低了形成变形马氏体的风险，从而改善了延性和抗延迟断裂性。然而，如果Al在具有高Mn含量的钢中过量存在，则Al是一个缺点，因为Mn提高了氮在铁水中的溶解度。如果钢中存在过大量的Al，则与Al组合的N以氮化铝(AlN)的形式析出，这阻碍了在热转化期间晶界的迁移并且非常明显地增加了在连铸中出现开裂的风险。此外，如下所述，必须有足够量的N以形成细的析出物，基本上是碳氮化物。优选地，Al含量小于或等于2％。当Al含量大于4.0％时，存在抑制孪晶形成而降低延性的风险。优选地，Al的量大于0.1％。
相应地，氮含量必须为0.1％或更小以防止在凝固期间AlN的析出和体积缺陷(气泡)的形成。此外，当存在能够以氮化物形式析出的元素(例如钒、铌、钛、铬、钼和硼)时，氮含量必须不超过0.1％。
根据本发明，V的量为0.1％至2.5％，优选地0.1％至1.0％。优选地，V形成析出物。有利地，钒元素的平均尺寸小于7nm，优选地0.2nm至5nm并且在显微组织中是晶粒内的。
硅也是用于使钢脱氧和用于固相硬化的有效元素。然而，大于3％的含量，硅降低了延伸率并且在某些组装过程期间趋于形成不期望的氧化物，因此必须保持小于该限制。优选地，硅的含量小于或等于0.6％。
硫和磷是使晶界脆化的杂质。它们各自的含量必须不超过0.030％和0.080％以保持足够的热延性。
可以添加一些硼最高至0.005％，优选地最高至0.001％。该元素在晶界处偏析并且增加了它们的内聚力。不希望受理论约束，认为这导致通过压制成形之后残余应力的减小，并且在由此成形的部件的应力下更好地抗腐蚀。该元素在奥氏体晶界处偏析并且增加了它们的内聚力。硼例如以硼碳化物和硼氮化物的形式析出。
镍可以任选地用于通过固溶硬化来提高钢的强度。然而，出于成本原因等，希望将镍含量限制为最大含量为1.0％或更小并且优选地低于0.3％。
同样地，任选地，添加含量不超过5％的铜是通过铜金属的析出来硬化钢的一种方式。然而，大于该含量，铜是造成热轧板中出现表面缺陷的原因。优选地，铜的量小于2.0％。优选地，Cu的量大于0.1％。
钛和铌也是可以任选地用于通过形成析出物实现硬化和强化的元素。然而，当Nb或Ti含量大于0.50％时，存在过度析出可能导致韧性降低的风险，这必须避免。优选地，Ti的量为0.040重量％至0.50重量％或者0.030重量％至0.130重量％。优选地，钛含量为0.060重量％至0.40重量％并且例如0.060重量％至0.110重量％。优选地，Nb的量大于0.01重量％并且更优选地为0.070重量％至0.50重量％或者0.040重量％至0.220重量％。优选地，铌含量为0.090重量％至0.40重量％并且有利地0.090重量％至0.200重量％。
铬和钼可以用作用于通过固溶硬化提高钢的强度的任选元素。然而，由于铬降低了堆垛层错能，所以其含量必须不超过1.0％并且优选地为0.070％至0.6％。优选地，铬含量为0.20％至0.5％。钼可以以0.40％或更小的量，优选地以0.14％至0.40％的量添加。
此外，不希望受任何理论约束，看起来钒、钛、铌、铬和钼的析出物会降低延迟断裂的敏感性，并且这样做不会降低延性和韧性特性。因此，至少一种元素可以选自呈碳化物、氮化物和碳氮化物形式的钛、铌、铬和钼。
任选地，锡(Sn)以0.06重量％至0.2重量％的量添加。不希望受任何理论约束，认为由于锡是贵金属元素并且自身在高温下不形成薄氧化物膜，因此在热浸镀之前的退火中Sn在基体的表面上析出以抑制助氧化剂元素例如Al、Si、Mn等扩散到表面中并形成氧化物，从而改善可镀性。然而，当Sn的添加量小于0.06％时，效果不明显，并且Sn的添加量的增加抑制了选择性氧化物的形成，而当Sn的添加量超过0.2％时，添加的Sn会导致热脆性，从而劣化热加工性。因此，将Sn的上限限制为0.2％或更小。
钢还可以包含由开发产生的不可避免的杂质。例如，不可避免的杂质可以没有任何限制地包括：O、H、Pb、Co、As、Ge、Ga、Zn和W。例如，每种杂质的按重量计的含量小于0.1重量％。
优选地，钢的晶粒的平均尺寸最高至5μm，优选地0.5μm至3μm。
在一个优选的实施方案中，钢板被金属涂层覆盖。金属涂层可以是基于铝的涂层或基于锌的涂层。
优选地，基于铝的涂层包含小于15％的Si、小于5.0％的Fe、任选地0.1％至8.0％的Mg和任选地0.1％至30.0％的Zn，剩余部分为Al。
有利地，基于锌的涂层包含0.01％至8.0％的Al、任选地0.2％至8.0％的Mg，剩余部分为Zn。
例如，经涂覆的钢是涂层沉积之后进行的退火步骤之后获得的经镀锌扩散退火的钢板。
在一个优选的实施方案中，钢板的厚度为0.4mm至1mm。
根据本发明的用于生产TWIP钢板的方法包括以下步骤：
A.提供具有上述组成的板坯，
B.将这样的板坯再加热和对其进行热轧，
C.卷取步骤，
D.第一冷轧，
E.再结晶退火，
F.第二冷轧，以及
G.回复热处理。
根据本发明，所述方法包括由具有上述组成的钢制成的半成品(例如板坯、薄板坯或带材)的提供步骤A)，这样的板坯被铸造。优选地，将铸造投入原料加热至高于1000℃，更优选地高于1050℃并且有利地1100℃至1300℃的温度或在铸造之后在这样的温度下直接使用而没有中间冷却。
然后在优选高于890℃或者更优选地高于1000℃的温度下进行热轧，以获得例如通常厚度为2mm至5mm或者甚至1mm至5mm的经热轧的带材。为了避免由于缺乏延性而产生任何开裂问题，轧制终了温度优选地高于或等于850℃。
在热轧之后，带材必须在使得不会发生碳化物(基本上是渗碳体(Fe,Mn)3C)的显著析出的温度下卷取，这会导致某些机械特性的降低。卷取步骤C)在低于或等于580℃，优选地低于或等于400℃的温度下实现。
进行后续的冷轧操作，然后进行再结晶退火。这些另外的步骤导致粒度小于经热轧的带材上获得的粒度，因此导致更高的强度特性。当然，如果需要获得较小厚度，例如厚度范围为0.2mm至数毫米并且优选地0.4mm至4mm的产品，则必须进行。在以常用方式进行可能的预先酸洗操作之后，对通过上述过程获得的经热轧的产品进行冷轧。
第一冷轧步骤D)以30％至70％，优选地40％至60％的压下率进行。
在该轧制步骤之后，晶粒被高度加工硬化并且必须进行再结晶退火操作。该处理具有恢复延性并且同时降低强度的效果。优选地，持续进行该退火。有利地，例如在10秒至500秒，优选地在60秒至180秒期间在700℃至900℃，优选地750℃至850℃实现再结晶退火E)。
然后，第二冷轧步骤F)以1％至50％，优选地10％至40％并且更优选地20％至40％的压下率实现。其允许减小钢厚度。此外，根据上述方法制造的钢板可以经由通过经历该再轧步骤而应变硬化具有提高的强度。此外，该步骤诱发高密度的孪晶，改善了钢板的机械特性。
在第二冷轧之后，实现了回复步骤G)以另外地确保经再轧的钢板的高延伸率和可弯曲性。回复的特征在于去除或重新排列钢显微组织中的位错，同时保留变形孪晶。变形孪晶和位错两者都是通过材料的塑性变形例如轧制步骤引入。认为回复步骤允许提高机械特性例如延伸率。
因此，除了根据本发明的TWIP钢中的大量C之外，还进行回复步骤，使得延伸率显著提高。并且，由于特定TWIP钢和根据本发明的包括回复步骤的方法的组合，可以获得具有高机械抗性和高延伸率的经冷轧和回复的TWIP钢。
在一个优选的实施方案中，回复步骤G)通过在分批退火炉或连续退火炉中在390℃至700℃并且优选地410℃至700℃的温度下加热钢板来进行。在该实施方案中，然后可以进行热浸镀步骤H)。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，回复步骤G)通过热浸镀来进行。在这种情况下，同时实现回复步骤G)和热浸镀，从而节约成本并提高生产率。
优选地，根据熔浴的性质，熔浴的温度为410℃至700℃。
有利地，将钢板浸入基于铝的浴或基于锌的浴中。优选地，浸入熔浴中进行1秒至60秒的期间，更优选地1秒至20秒并且有利地1秒至10秒。
在一个优选的实施方案中，基于铝的浴包含小于15％的Si、小于5.0％的Fe、任选地0.1％至8.0％的Mg和任选地0.1％至30.0％的Zn，剩余部分为Al。优选地，该浴的温度为550℃至700℃，优选地600℃至680℃。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，基于锌的浴包含0.01％至8.0％的Al、任选地0.2％至8.0％的Mg，剩余部分为Zn。优选地，该浴的温度为410℃至550℃，优选地410℃至460℃。
熔浴还可以包含来自提供锭或来自钢板在熔浴中的通过的不可避免的杂质和残余元素。例如，任选的杂质选自Sr、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi，每种另外的元素的按重量计的含量小于0.3重量％。来自提供锭或来自钢板在熔浴中的通过的残余元素可以是含量最高至5.0重量％，优选3.0重量％的铁。
有利地，回复步骤G)进行1秒至1小时和10分钟，优选地30秒至1小时，并且更优选地30秒至30分钟。
例如，可以在涂层沉积之后进行退火步骤以获得经镀锌扩散退火的钢板。
根据本发明的方法能够由此获得具有高强度、优异的可形成性和延伸率的包含奥氏体基体的TWIP钢板。
实施例
在该实施例中，使用具有以下重量组成的TWIP钢板：
试验 C％ Si％ Mn％ P％ ％Cr ％Al Cu％ ％Ti ％V ％N ％Mo ％Ni
1 <u>0.583</u> 0.226 21.9 0.03 0.183 - 0.031 - 0.206 0.0148 0.01 0.06
2<sup>＊</sup> 0.900 0.505 17.2 0.024 - - - - 0.3 0.0192 - -
3 0.579 0.208 22.87 0.02 0.114 0.002 0.162 0.005 0.007 0.0037 - -
4<sup>＊</sup> 0.856 0.21 21.94 0.027 0.114 1.35 0.155 0.04 0.891 0.008
5<sup>＊</sup> 0.876 0.502 17.63 0.032 0.108 2.78 0.149 - 0.384 0.0061 - -
*根据本发明的实施例。
首先，将样品在1200℃的温度下加热并热轧。将热轧的完工温度设定为890℃并且在热轧之后在400℃下进行卷取。然后，第一冷轧以50％的冷轧压下率实现。此后，在180秒期间在850℃下进行再结晶退火。然后，第二冷轧以30％的冷轧压下率实现。
最后，在分批退火中在400℃下在1小时期间对试验1和2进行回复热步骤。
对于试验3至5，在总共60秒的期间进行回复热处理。首先通过在炉中加热至625℃(在460℃至625℃花费的时间为54秒)来制备钢板，然后在分别6秒期间浸入锌浴中。熔浴温度为460℃。下表示出所有试验在再结晶退火E)之后、在第二轧制步骤F)之后和在回复步骤G)之后的机械特性。
Figure BDA0001866545770000081
结果表明，具有根据本发明的组成的试验2、4和5具有比具有本发明范围之外的组成的试验1和3更高的机械特性。实际上，根据本发明的方法以及TWIP钢的特定组成允许高UTS和高TE。

Claims (16)

1.一种具有奥氏体基体的经第一冷轧、第二冷轧和回复的TWIP钢板，按重量计包含：
0.80％<C<1.2％，
13.0％≤Mn<25.0％，
S≤0.030％，
P≤0.080％，
N≤0.1％，
0.1％≤Si≤3.0％，
0.1％≤V≤2.50％，
以及在完全任选的基础上，诸如以下的一种或更多种元素，
Cu≤5.0％，
Al≤4.0％，
Nb≤0.5％，
B≤0.005％，
Cr≤1.0％，
Mo≤0.40％，
Ni≤1.0％，
Ti≤0.5％，
0.06％≤Sn≤0.2％，
组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质形成；
其中所述第二冷轧以大于30％且小于等于50％的压下率进行以诱发高密度的孪晶；
其中所述TWIP钢板的显微组织包含变形孪晶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钢板，其中C的量为0.80％至1.1％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的钢板，其中C的量为0.80％至1.0％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的钢板，其中C的量为0.9％至1.0％。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钢板，其中Cu的量小于2.0％。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钢板，其中Si的量小于或等于0.6％。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钢板，其中Al含量小于或等于2％。
8.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钢板，其中V的量为0.1％至1.0％。
9.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钢板，其中所述钢板被金属涂层覆盖。
10.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钢板，其中所述钢板被基于铝的涂层或基于锌的涂层覆盖。
11.根据权利要求10所述的钢板，其中所述基于铝的涂层包含小于15％的Si、小于5.0％的Fe、任选的0.1％至8.0％的Mg以及任选的0.1％至30.0％的Zn，剩余部分为Al。
12.根据权利要求10所述的钢板，其中所述基于锌的涂层包含0.01％至8.0％的Al、任选的0.2％至8.0％的Mg，剩余部分为Zn。
13.一种用于生产TWIP钢板的方法，包括以下步骤：
A.提供具有根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的组成的板坯，
B.在高于1000℃的温度下再加热所述板坯和以至少850℃的轧制终了温度对其进行热轧，
C.在低于或等于580℃的温度下的卷取步骤，
D.以30％至70％的压下率进行的第一冷轧，
E.700℃至900℃的再结晶退火，
F.以大于30％且小于等于50％的压下率进行的第二冷轧以诱发高密度的孪晶，
G.回复热处理从而去除或重新排列钢显微组织中的位错，同时保留变形孪晶。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述回复步骤G)通过在分批退火炉或连续退火炉中在390℃至700℃的温度下加热所述钢板来进行。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中进行热浸涂步骤H)。
16.根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的方法，其中所述回复步骤G)通过热浸涂来进行。
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