CN109154048B - 用于制造具有奥氏体显微组织的twip钢板的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造具有奥氏体显微组织的twip钢板的方法 Download PDF

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CN109154048B
CN109154048B CN201780030171.0A CN201780030171A CN109154048B CN 109154048 B CN109154048 B CN 109154048B CN 201780030171 A CN201780030171 A CN 201780030171A CN 109154048 B CN109154048 B CN 109154048B
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steel sheet
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蒂埃里·永戈
格拉尔德·佩蒂蒂甘德
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于制造具有高强度、优异的可成形性和延伸率的TWIP钢板的方法。

Description

用于制造具有奥氏体显微组织的TWIP钢板的方法
本发明涉及用于制造具有高强度、优异的可成形性和延伸率的TWIP钢板的方法。本发明特别适合用于制造机动车辆。
为了节省车辆的重量，已知使用高强度钢来制造机动车辆。例如，对于制造结构部件，必须改善这样的钢的机械特性。然而，虽然钢的强度得到改善，高碳钢的延伸率降低，并因此可成形性也降低。为了克服这些问题，已经出现了具有良好可成形性的孪晶诱发塑性钢(TWIP钢)。虽然这些产品显示出非常好的可成形性，但机械特性(例如极限抗拉强度(UTS)和屈服应力(YS))也可能不够高而无法满足机动车应用。
为了在保持良好的可加工性的同时改善这些钢的强度，已知通过冷轧诱发高密度的孪晶，然后进行除去位错但保留孪晶的回复处理。
专利申请KR20140013333公开了制造具有优异的可弯曲性和延伸率的高强度高锰钢板的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-通过将按重量％计包含以下成分的钢锭或连铸板坯加热到1050℃至1300℃来进行均化处理：碳(C)：0.4％至0.7％，锰(Mn)：12％至24％，铝(Al)：1.1％至3.0％，硅(Si)：0.3％或更少，钛(Ti)：0.005％至0.10％，硼(B)：0.0005％至0.0050％，磷(P)：0.03％或更少，硫(S)：0.03％或更少，氮(N)：0.04％或更少，剩余部分为铁(Fe)和其他不可避免的杂质；
-在850℃至1000℃的精热轧温度下热轧经均化处理的钢锭或连铸板坯；
-在400℃至700℃下卷取经热轧的钢板；
-冷轧经卷绕的钢板；
-在400℃至900℃下将经冷轧的钢板连续退火；
-任选地，通过热浸镀或电镀的涂覆步骤；
-以10％至50％的压下率再轧经连续退火的钢板；以及
-在20秒至2小时期间在300℃至650℃下对经再轧的钢板进行再加热处理。
然而，由于在第二冷轧之前沉积涂层，因此存在金属涂层被机械地损坏的巨大风险。此外，由于在涂层沉积之后实现再加热步骤，因此将出现钢和涂层的相互扩散，导致涂层的显著改变，并因此导致涂层期望特性(例如耐腐蚀性)的显著改变。此外，再加热步骤可以在宽的温度和时间范围内进行，并且在说明书中，甚至在实施例中也没有更详细地说明这些要素。最终，通过实施该方法，由于为了获得TWIP钢而进行了许多步骤，因此存在生产率降低和成本增加的风险。
因此，本发明的目的是提供用于制造具有高强度、优异的可成形性和延伸率的TWIP钢的改进方法。具体地，其旨在使得可获得易于实施的方法以获得经回复的涂覆TWIP钢，这样的方法节省成本并且生产率提高。
该目的通过提供根据权利要求1的用于制造涂覆有金属涂层的经冷轧、回复的TWIP钢板的方法来实现。所述方法还可以包括权利要求2至19的特征。
另一目的通过提供根据权利要求20所述的经冷轧、回复和涂覆的TWIP钢板来实现。
本发明的其他特征和优点将由本发明的以下详细描述变得明显。
本发明涉及用于制造TWIP钢板的方法，其包括以下步骤：
A.提供具有以下组成的板坯：
0.1％<C<1.2％，
13.0％≤Mn<25.0％，
S≤0.030％，
P≤0.080％，
N≤0.1％，
Si≤3.0％，
以及在完全任选的基础上，诸如以下的一种或更多种元素，
Nb≤0.5％，
B≤0.005％，
Cr≤1.0％，
Mo≤0.40％，
Ni≤1.0％，
Cu≤5.0％，
Ti≤0.5％，
V≤2.5％，
Al≤4.0％，
0.06％≤Sn≤0.2％，
该组成的剩余部分由铁和由于开发产生的不可避免的杂质形成；
B.再加热这样的板坯并对其进行热轧；
C.卷取步骤；
D.第一冷轧；
E.再结晶退火；
F.第二冷轧；以及
G.通过热浸涂进行的回复热处理。
关于钢的化学组成，C在显微组织的形成和机械特性中起重要作用。其提高堆垛层错能并增进奥氏体相的稳定性。当与13.0重量％至25.0重量％的Mn含量结合时，这种稳定性因0.1％或更高的碳含量而实现。然而，对于高于1.2％的C含量，存在延性降低的风险。优选地，碳含量为0.20重量％至1.2重量％，更优选为0.5重量％至1.0重量％，以获得足够的强度。
Mn也是用于提高强度、用于提高堆垛层错能和用于稳定奥氏体相的必要元素。如果其含量小于13.0％，则存在形成马氏体相的风险，这非常明显地降低可变形性。此外，当锰含量大于25.0％时，孪晶的形成被抑制，并因此，尽管强度提高，但室温下的延性降低。优选地，锰含量为15.0％至24.0％以优化堆垛层错能并防止在变形的效应下形成马氏体。此外，当Mn含量大于24.0％时，通过孪生变形的模式不如通过完全位错滑移变形的模式有利。
Al是用于钢的脱氧的特别有效的元素。与C相似，其提高堆垛层错能，降低形成变形马氏体的风险，从而改善延性和耐延迟断裂性。优选地，Al含量低于或等于2％。当Al含量大于4.0％时，存在抑制形成孪晶、降低延性的风险。
硅也是用于使钢脱氧以及用于固相硬化的有效元素。然而，高于3％的含量，其降低延伸率并趋于在某些组装过程中形成不期望的氧化物，因此必须将其保持在该极限以下。优选地，硅的含量低于或等于0.6％。
硫和磷是使晶界脆化的杂质。其各自的含量必须不超过0.030％和0.080％以保持足够的热延性。
可以添加一些硼，最高至0.005％，优选最高至0.001％。该元素在晶界处偏析并提高其内聚力以防止晶界裂纹。不欲受理论约束，据信这导致在通过压制而成形之后的残余应力降低，并导致在由此成形的部件的应力下的更好耐腐蚀性。
可以任选地使用镍以通过固溶硬化来提高钢的强度。然而，出于成本等原因，希望将镍含量限制在最大含量为1.0％或更低，且优选低于0.3％。
同样地，任选地，以不超过5％的含量添加铜是通过铜金属的析出使钢硬化并改善耐延迟断裂性的一种手段。然而，高于该含量，铜引起热轧板中出现表面缺陷。优选地，铜的量低于2.0％。
钛、钒和铌也是可以任选地用于通过形成析出物来实现硬化和强化的元素。然而，当Nb或Ti含量大于0.50％时，存在过度析出可能导致韧性降低的风险，这必须避免。优选地，Ti的量为0.040重量％至0.50重量％或0.030重量％至0.130重量％。优选地，钛含量为0.060重量％至0.40重量％，例如0.060重量％至0.110重量％。优选地，Nb的量为0.070重量％至0.50重量％或0.040％至0.220％。优选地，铌含量为0.090重量％至0.40重量％且有利地为0.090重量％至0.200重量％。优选地，钒量为0.1％至2.5％，且更优选为0.1％至1.0％。
铬和钼可以用作用于通过固溶硬化来提高钢的强度的任选元素。然而，由于铬降低堆垛层错能，因此其含量必须不超过1.0％，且优选为0.070％至0.6％。优选地，铬含量为0.20％至0.5％。可以添加量为0.40％或更少，优选量为0.14％至0.40％的钼。
任选地，锡(Sn)以0.06重量％至0.2重量％的量添加。不希望受任何理论约束，据信由于锡是贵元素并且自身在高温下不形成薄氧化物膜，因此Sn在热浸镀之前的退火中在基体的表面上析出而抑制诸如Al、Si、Mn等助氧化剂元素扩散到表面中并形成氧化物，由此改善可镀性(galvanizability)。然而，当Sn的添加量小于0.06％时，效果不明显，并且Sn的添加量增加抑制选择性氧化物的形成，而当Sn的添加量超过0.2％时，添加的Sn导致热脆性而使可热加工性劣化。因此，将Sn的上限限制在0.2％或更少。
钢还可以包含由开发产生的不可避免的杂质。例如，不可避免的杂质可以没有任何限制地包括：O、H、Pb、Co、As、Ge、Ga、Zn和W。例如，每种杂质按重量计的含量低于0.1重量％。
根据本发明，所述方法包括由具有上述组成的钢制成的半成品例如板坯、薄板坯或带材的提供步骤A)，铸造这样的板坯。优选地，将铸造投入坯料加热至高于1000℃，更优选高于1050℃并且有利地为1100℃至1300℃的温度，或者在铸造之后在不进行中间冷却的情况下在这样的温度下直接使用。
然后在优选高于890℃，或更优选高于1000℃的温度下进行热轧以获得例如厚度通常为2mm至5mm、或甚至1mm至5mm的热轧带材。为了避免由于缺乏延性而产生的任何开裂问题，轧制终了温度优选高于或等于850℃。
在热轧之后，必须在这样的温度下卷取带材：该温度使得不发生碳化物(基本上是渗碳体(Fe,Mn)3C))的显著析出，这会导致某些机械特性降低。卷取步骤C)在低于或等于580℃，优选低于或等于400℃的温度下实现。
进行随后的冷轧操作，然后进行再结晶退火。这些另外的步骤产生比在热轧带材上获得的粒度更小的粒度，并因此产生更高的强度特性。当然，如果期望获得较小厚度(例如厚度为0.2mm至数mm，并优选为0.4mm至4mm)的产品，则必须进行所述步骤。
在以常用方式进行可能的预先酸洗操作之后冷轧通过上述过程获得的热轧产品。
以30％至70％，优选40％至60％的压下率进行第一冷轧步骤D)。
在该轧制步骤之后，晶粒高度加工硬化并且必须进行再结晶退火操作。该处理具有恢复延性并同时降低强度的效果。优选地，连续地进行退火。有利地，再结晶退火E)例如在10秒至500秒，优选60秒至180秒期间在700℃至900℃，优选750℃至850℃下实现。
然后，以1％至50％，优选10％至40％，且更优选20％至40％的压下率实现第二冷轧步骤F)。这允许减小钢厚度。此外，根据前述方法制造的钢板可以经由通过经历再轧步骤而应变硬化来具有提高的强度。此外，该步骤诱发高密度的孪晶，因此改善钢板的机械特性。
在第二冷轧之后，实现回复步骤G)以另外确保再轧钢板的高延伸率和可弯曲性。回复的特征在于在保留钢显微组织中的孪晶的同时去除或重新排列位错，位错缺陷通过材料的塑性变形引入。
根据本发明，回复热处理通过热浸涂来进行，即通过在连续退火中准备用于涂层沉积的钢板表面，然后浸入熔融金属浴中来进行。因此，与其中在再结晶退火之后实现热浸镀的专利申请KR201413333相反，同时实现回复步骤和热浸涂允许节省成本和提高生产率。
不希望受任何理论约束，看起来在钢显微组织中的回复过程始于在连续退火中准备钢表面期间，并且在浸入熔浴期间实现。
钢表面的准备优选通过将钢板从环境温度加热至熔浴的温度(即410℃至700℃)来进行。在优选的实施方案中，热循环可以包括至少一个加热步骤，其中在高于熔浴的温度的温度下加热钢。例如，可以在几秒期间在650℃下进行钢板表面的准备，然后在5秒期间浸入锌浴中，浴温度在450℃的温度下。
优选地，根据熔浴的性质，熔浴的温度为410℃至700℃。
有利地，将钢板浸入基于铝的浴或基于锌的浴中。
在一个优选的实施方案中，基于铝的浴包含小于15％的Si、小于5.0％的Fe、任选地0.1％至8.0％的Mg和任选地0.1％至30.0％的Zn，剩余部分为Al。优选地，该浴的温度为550℃至700℃，优选为600℃至680℃。
在另一优选实施方案中，基于锌的浴包含0.01％至8.0％的Al、任选地0.2％至8.0％的Mg，剩余部分为Zn。优选地，该浴的温度为410℃至550℃，优选为410℃至460℃。
熔浴还可以包含不可避免的杂质和来自提供锭料或来自钢板在熔浴中的通过的残留元素。例如，任选的杂质选自Sr、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi，每种另外的元素按重量计的含量低于0.3重量％。来自提供锭料或来自钢板在熔浴中的通过的残留元素可以是含量最高至5.0重量％，优选3.0重量％的铁。
有利地，回复步骤G)在1秒至30分钟，优选30秒至10分钟期间进行。优选地，浸入熔浴在1秒至60秒，更优选1秒至20秒，有利地1秒至10秒期间进行。
例如，可以在涂层沉积之后进行退火步骤以获得镀锌扩散退火钢板。
具有奥氏体基体的TWIP钢板因此可由根据本发明的方法获得。
利用根据本发明的方法，通过借助两个冷轧步骤来诱导大量的孪晶然后在回复步骤期间除去位错但保留孪晶来实现具有高强度、优异的可成形性和延伸率的TWIP钢板。
实施例
在该实施例中，使用具有以下重量组成的TWIP钢板：
Figure BDA0001866956290000071
首先，将样品加热并在1200℃的温度下热轧。将热轧的完工温度设定为890℃，并且在热轧之后在400℃下进行卷取。然后，以50％的冷轧压下率实现第一冷轧。此后，在180秒期间在750℃下进行再结晶退火。然后，以30％的冷轧压下率实现第二冷轧。最终，对于样品1，在总计40秒期间进行回复加热步骤。首先通过在炉中加热至675℃(在410℃至675℃花费的时间为37秒)来准备钢板，然后在3秒期间浸入熔浴中，所述熔浴包含9重量％的硅、最高至3％的铁，剩余部分为铝。熔浴温度为675℃。
对于样品2，在总计65秒期间进行回复加热步骤。首先通过在炉中加热至650℃(在410℃至650℃花费的时间为59秒)来准备钢板，然后在6秒期间浸入熔浴中，所述熔浴包含9重量％的硅、最高至3％的铁，剩余部分为铝。熔浴温度为650℃。
对于样品3，在60分钟期间在450℃的温度下在炉中进行回复热处理。然后，通过热浸镀用锌涂层涂覆钢板，该步骤包括表面准备步骤，然后在5秒期间浸入锌浴中。
对于样品4和5，在总计65秒期间进行回复加热步骤。首先通过在炉中加热至625℃(在410℃至650℃花费的时间为15秒)来准备钢板，然后在30秒期间浸入锌浴中。熔浴温度为460℃。然后用SEM或扫描电子显微术分析所有的显微组织以确定在回复步骤期间没有发生再结晶。然后确定样品的机械特性。结果在下表中：
Figure BDA0001866956290000081
*根据本发明。
结果显示，样品1、2、4和5通过应用根据本发明的方法而得到回复。试验3通过应用包括回复步骤和涂层沉积步骤(两者独立进行)的方法也得到回复。
所有样品的机械特性都高，特别是对于试验4和5。
为处理样品3而进行的方法比根据本发明的方法花费更多的时间。实际上，在工业规模上，为了进行样品3的方法，速度线必须大大降低，导致生产率的显著损失和重要成本增加。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于制造经冷轧、回复和涂覆的TWIP钢板的方法，包括以下顺序步骤：
A.提供具有以下组成的板坯：
0.1％<C<1.2％，
13.0％≤Mn<25.0％，
S≤0.030％，
P≤0.080％，
N≤0.1％，
Si≤3.0％，
以及在完全任选的基础上，以下的一种或更多种元素，
Nb≤0.5％，
B≤0.005％，
Cr≤1.0％，
Mo≤0.40％，
Ni≤1.0％，
Cu≤5.0％，
Ti≤0.5％，
V≤2.5％，
Al≤4.0％，
0.06％≤Sn≤0.2％，
所述组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质形成；
B.再加热这样的板坯并对其进行热轧；
C.卷取步骤；
D.第一冷轧；
E.再结晶退火；
F.第二冷轧；以及
G.通过热浸涂进行的回复热处理，
其中，所述钢板通过浸入熔浴温度为550℃至700℃的基于铝的浴中来进行回复。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述再加热在高于1000℃的温度下进行并且轧制终了温度为至少850℃。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中卷取温度在低于或等于580℃的温度下实现。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中第一冷轧步骤C)以30％至70％的压下率实现。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述再结晶退火D)在700℃至900℃实现。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中第二冷轧步骤E)以1％至50％的压下率实现。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中热浸涂步骤包括在连续退火中准备用于涂层沉积的钢表面，然后浸入熔融金属浴中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中在准备钢表面期间，将所述钢板从环境温度加热到熔浴的温度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述基于铝的浴包含小于15％的Si、小于5.0％的Fe、任选的0.1％至8.0％的Mg和任选的0.1％至30.0％的Zn，剩余部分为Al。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述回复步骤G)在1秒至30分钟期间进行。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述回复步骤在30秒至10分钟期间进行。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中浸入熔浴在1秒至60秒期间进行。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述浸入熔浴在1秒至20秒期间进行。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述浸入熔浴在1秒至10秒期间进行。
15.一种能够由根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法获得的具有奥氏体基体的经冷轧、回复和涂覆的TWIP钢板。
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