CN109149733B - 用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN109149733B
CN109149733B CN201711211343.2A CN201711211343A CN109149733B CN 109149733 B CN109149733 B CN 109149733B CN 201711211343 A CN201711211343 A CN 201711211343A CN 109149733 B CN109149733 B CN 109149733B
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llc converter
converter
voltage
output
value
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CN109149733A (zh
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张熙崇
孙基凤
成玄旭
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于车辆的车载电池充电器(OBC)的控制系统和方法，通过比例积分控制生成DC链电压指令，所述比例积分控制将LLC转换器的谐振电容和谐振电感确定的谐振开关频率视为指令，并且允许LLC转换器的开关频率在谐振频率下操作，从而因此提高OBC的效率。

Description

用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制系统和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于车辆的车载电池充电器(OBC)的控制系统和方法，并且更具体地涉及一种用于车辆的OBC的控制系统和方法，以用于通过比例积分控制生成DC链电压指令，所述比例积分控制将LLC转换器的谐振电容和谐振电感确定的谐振开关频率视为指令，并且允许LLC转换器的开关频率在谐振频率下操作，从而因此提高OBC的效率。
背景技术
环保型车辆包括混合动力车辆、插电式混合动力车辆、电动车辆、燃料车辆等。插电式混合动力车辆和电动车辆可由使用家用AC电源的用户充电，并且被装备有车载电池充电器(OBC)。
安装在插入式混合动力车辆和电动车辆中的OBC由用于从AC电源移除噪声的EMI滤波器、用于控制功率因数的PFC转换器以及用于控制绝缘和输出电流的DC-DC转换器组成。
作为谐振型PWM转换器的LLC转换器硬件上使用开关方法来提高效率。然而，传统的非谐振型PWM转换器使用通过调整占空比来控制输出电压和电流的方法，而LLC谐振型PWM转换器使用通过调整开关频率来控制输出电压和电流的方法。LLC谐振型PWM转换器的效率在很大程度上取决于开关频率的工作范围，并且开关频率对于定位谐振频率是非常重要的。
传统上，通过感测LLC转换器的输出电压和输出电流来生成DC链电压(LLC转换器的输入电压＝PFC转换器的输出电压)指令，并且因此当发生感测错误时不产生所需的DC链电压。为此，LLC转换器不在谐振频率下工作，并且因此存在降低OBC效率的问题。此外，在传统上，由于直流链电压指令是通过映射图提取而产生的，因此需要在输出电压和输出电流的所有区间中检查开关频率的步骤，并且因此，不可避免的额外人力和成本的问题可能存在。
因此，需要一种允许LLC转换器的开关频率在谐振频率下操作并解决这些问题的解决方案。
前述内容仅旨在帮助理解本公开的背景，而不旨在意味着本公开落入本领域技术人员已知的相关技术的范围内。
发明内容
考虑到相关技术中出现的上述问题而做出本公开，并且本公开旨在提出一种用于车辆的车载电池充电器(OBC)的控制系统和方法，以用于通过比例积分控制生成DC链电压指令，所述比例积分控制将LLC转换器的谐振电容和谐振电感确定的谐振开关频率视为指令，并且允许LLC转换器的开关频率在谐振频率下操作，从而因此提高OBC的效率。
用于实现以上目的的根据本公开的用于车辆的OBC的控制系统包括：功率因数校正(PFC)转换器，其将从外部AC电源输入的AC功率转换成DC功率并输出DC功率；LLC转换器，其相对于从功率因数校正转换器输入的DC功率，通过开关来调整输出电压或输出电流的电平；以及控制器，其输出LLC转换器的开关频率，并接收LLC转换器的输出的开关频率以及LLC转换器中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并且调整LLC转换器的输入端子电压，使得LLC转换器的开关频率变为谐振频率。
控制器包括LLC转换器控制器，其接收LLC转换器的输出电流指令值和输出电流感测值，并输出LLC转换器的开关频率；电压指令发生器，其接收LLC转换器控制器输出的开关频率以及LLC转换器中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并且输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值，使得LLC转换器的开关频率变为谐振频率；以及功率因数校正转换器控制器，其接收从电压指令发生器输出的LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值以及LLC转换器的输入端子的电压感测值，并且调整功率因数校正转换器的输出电压。
控制器的特征在于进一步包括转换补偿器，其将LLC转换器的输出电压感测值乘以增益值的值与电压指令发生器的输出值相加，并输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值。
转换补偿器的增益值是通过考虑LLC转换器中的变压器的匝数比来确定的。
功率因数校正转换器控制器包括电压控制器，其接收从电压指令发生器输出的LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值以及LLC转换器的输入端子的电压感测值，并输出输入电流指令值；以及电流控制器，其接收输出的输入电流指令值、外部AC电源的电压感测值和输入电流感测值，并输出功率因数校正转换器控制器的开关占空比。
根据本公开的用于车辆的OBC的控制方法包括接收LLC转换器的输出电流指令值和输出电流感测值，并输出LLC转换器的开关频率；以及接收LLC转换器的输出的开关频率和LLC转换器中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并且调整LLC转换器的输入端子电压，使得LLC转换器的开关频率变为谐振频率。
调整LLC转换器的输入端子电压包括接收输出的开关频率以及LLC转换器中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值，使得LLC转换器的开关频率变为谐振频率；以及接收LLC转换器的输入端子的输出的电压指令值以及LLC转换器的输入端子的电压感测值，并调整功率因数校正转换器的输出电压。
输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值包括将LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值与LLC转换器的输出电压感测值乘以增益值的值相加，并输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值。
增益值是通过考虑LLC转换器中的变压器的匝数比来确定的。
本公开涉及一种用于车辆的OBC的控制系统和方法，通过比例积分控制生成DC链电压指令，所述比例积分控制将LLC转换器的谐振电容和谐振电感确定的谐振开关频率视为指令，并且允许LLC转换器的开关频率在谐振频率下操作以提高OBC的效率是可能的。
作为结果，不需要由于指令映射图提取产生的额外人力，并且通过控制器输出DC链电压指令节省了成本。
附图说明
从下面结合附图的详细描述中，将更清楚地理解本公开的上述和其他目的、特征和其他优点，其中：
图1至图3是示出根据本公开的一个实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制系统的方框图；以及
图4是示出根据本公开的一个实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参考附图详细描述根据本公开的各种实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制系统和方法。
图1至图3是示出根据本公开的一个实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制系统的方框图，并且图4是示出根据本公开的一个实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制方法的流程图。
首先，参考图1和图2，根据本公开的一个实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制系统可以包括功率因数校正(PFC)转换器10，其将从外部AC电源输入的AC功率转换成DC功率并输出DC功率；LLC转换器30，其通过开关相对于从PFC转换器10输入的DC功率来调整输出电压或输出电流的电平；以及控制器100，其输出LLC转换器30的开关频率，并接收LLC转换器30的输出的开关频率以及LLC转换器30中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并调整LLC转换器30的输入端子电压，使得LLC转换器30的开关频率变为谐振频率。
这里，PFC转换器10减小外部AC电源的无效功率，以及转换成DC电压并输出所述DC电压。
作为谐振型PWM转换器的LLC转换器30接收从功率因数校正部分输出的DC电压，并且调整和输出输出电压或输出电流的电平。
控制器100可以包括LLC转换器控制器110、电压指令发生器130和功率因数校正转换器控制器150。
包括LLC转换器控制器110、电压指令发生器130和功率因数校正转换器控制器150的控制器100及其子控制器是执行软件指令的电路，由此执行下文所述的各种功能。
下面的等式1指示LLC转换器30中的谐振电路(谐振回路)的输出电压/输入电压的传递函数，并且将理解的是，LLC转换器30的开关频率(fs)和DC链电压(Vdc)具有直接比例特性。因此，本公开在于可变地控制DC链电压，使得LLC转换器30的开关频率使用开关频率和DC链电压的直接比例特性在谐振电路的谐振频率下操作。结果，本公开可以提高OBC的操作效率。
等式1
(Vo：LLC转换器30的输出电压，VDC：LLC转换器30的输入电压(PFC输出电压)，fs：LLC转换器30的开关频率，fr：LLC转换器30中的谐振电路的谐振频率，n：匝数比/>Ro：LLC转换器30的输出端子电阻)。
接下来，将描述控制器100的操作。控制器100可以输出LLC转换器30的开关频率，并且接收LLC转换器30的输出的开关频率以及LLC转换器30中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并且调整LLC转换器30的输入端子电压，使得LLC转换器30的开关频率变为谐振频率。更具体地，控制器100接收LLC转换器30的输出电压指令，并输出从输出开关频率的LLC转换器控制器110输出的开关频率，并且通过电压指令发生器130执行比例积分控制(PI控制)，使得开关频率遵循谐振频率的指令值。从电压指令发生器130输出指示LLC转换器30的输入端子的指令值的DC链电压指令值，所述值被输入到功率因数校正转换器控制器150；输出功率因数校正转换器控制器150的占空比值，其允许LLC转换器30的开关频率在谐振频率下操作；并且调整PFC转换器10的输出电压。
参考图3，作为本公开的一个实施例，LLC转换器控制器110可以包括LLC电压控制器，其接收LLC转换器30的输出电压指令并提取输出电流指令值；以及LLC电流控制器112，其接收输出电流指令值和输出电流感测值，并且通过比例积分控制(PI控制)输出LLC转换器30的开关频率。
电压指令发生器130接收LLC转换器控制器110输出的开关频率以及LLC转换器30中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并通过比例积分控制(PI控制)输出LLC转换器30的输入端子的电压指令值，使得开关频率遵循谐振频率的指令值。
谐振频率指示由LLC转换器30的谐振电路的谐振电容(Cr)和谐振电感(Lr)确定的频率，并且开关频率指示从LLC转换器控制器110输出的频率。
作为本公开的一个实施例，功率因数校正转换器控制器150可以包括电压控制器152，其接收从电压指令发生器130输出的LLC转换器30的输入端子的电压指令值以及LLC转换器30的输入端子的电压感测值，并输出输入的电流指令值；电流控制器154，其接收输出的输入电流指令值、外部AC电源的电压感测值和输入电流感测值，并输出功率因数校正转换器控制器150的开关占空比。
电压控制器152通过比例积分控制(PI控制)相对于PFC转换器10的输出电压感测值以及从电压指令发生器130输出的LLC转换器30的输入端子的电压指令值，输出流过PFC转换器10的电感器的输入电流指令值。电流控制器154接收将RMS的输出的输入电流指令值乘以外部AC电源的输入电压感测值与流过PFC转换器10的电感器的输入电流感测值的值，并通过比例积分控制(PI控制)输出功率因数校正转换器控制器150的开关占空比。
在图3中，根据本公开的一个实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制系统可以进一步包括转换补偿器170，其将LLC转换器30的输出电压感测值乘以增益值的值与电压指令发生器130的输出值相加，并输出LLC转换器30的输入端子的电压指令值。
转换补偿器170由处理器实现，所述处理器具有存储软件指令的关联非暂时性存储器，所述软件指令在由处理器执行时提供转换补偿器170的功能。
处理器可以采取一个或多个处理器和存储程序指令的关联存储器的形式，并且在一些示例中，一个或多个处理器可以用于实现控制器100和处理器两者的功能。
有利的是，通过将从电压指令发生器130输出的值与LLC转换器30的输出电压感测值乘以增益值的值相加，并输出LLC转换器30的输入端子的电压指令值来减少电压指令发生器130中的PI控制的负担并获得稳定响应。并且，转换补偿器170的增益值(K)可由LLC转换器30中的变压器的匝数比(Np：Ns)和其他因素来确定。
参考图4，根据本公开的一个实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制方法可以包括接收LLC转换器的输出电流指令值和输出电流感测值，并且输出LLC转换器的开关频率(S100)；并接收LLC转换器的输出的开关频率以及LLC转换器中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并调整LLC转换器的输入端子电压，使得LLC转换器的开关频率变为谐振频率(S500)。
输出LLC转换器的开关频率(S100)接收LLC转换器的输出电压指令，并提取输出电流指令值，并且接收所提取的输出电流指令值和输出电流感测值，并通过比例积分控制(PI控制)输出LLC转换器的开关频率。
调整LLC转换器的输入端子电压(S500)接收输出的开关频率以及LLC转换器中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值，使得开关频率变为谐振频率(S300)，并且通过比例积分控制(PI控制)相对于LLC转换器的输入端子的输出的电压指令值以及功率因数校正转换器的输出电压感测值来输出流经功率因数校正转换器中的电感器的输入电流指令值。并且，调整LLC的输入端子电压(S500)接收将RMS的输出的输入电流指令值乘以外部AC电源的输入电压感测值以及流过功率因数校正转换器的电感器的输入电流感测值的值，并且通过比例积分控制(PI控制)输出功率因数校正转换器控制器的开关占空比(S500)。通过重复控制指示由输出的开关占空比产生的功率因数校正转换器控制器的输出电压的DC链电压指令最终允许LLC转换器的开关频率在谐振频率下操作。作为结果，提高OBC的效率是可能的；通过控制器输出DC链电压指令，不需要由于指令映射图提取等引起的额外的人力，并且节省了成本。
根据本公开的一个实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制方法可以在输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值(S300)时，将LLC转换器的输入端子的输出的电压指令值与LLC转换器的输出电压感测值乘以增益值的值相加，并输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值。
作为结果，有利的是，通过将LLC转换器的输入端子的输出的电压指令值与LLC转换器的输出电压感测值乘以增益值的值相加，并输出LLC转换器的输入端子的电压指令值来减少PI控制的负担并获得稳定响应。并且，增益值(K)可由LLC转换器30中的变压器的匝数比(Np：Ns)和其他因素来确定。
如上所述，根据本公开的各种实施例的用于车辆的OBC的控制系统和方法通过比例积分控制生成DC链电压指令，所述比例积分控制将LLC转换器的谐振电容和谐振电感确定的谐振开关频率视为指令，并且允许LLC转换器的开关频率在谐振频率下操作，从而因此提高OBC的效率。
此外，不需要由于指令映射图提取等产生的额外人力，并且通过控制器输出DC链电压指令节省了成本。
虽然为了说明的目的已经描述了本公开的各种实施例，但是本领域技术人员将认识到，在不脱离如附图中公开的本公开的范围和精神的情况下，各种变型、添加和替换是可能的。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制系统，包括：
功率因数校正转换器，其将从外部AC电源输入的AC功率转换成DC功率并输出所述DC功率；
LLC转换器，其接收来自所述功率因数校正转换器的DC功率并通过开关来调整输出电压或输出电流的电平；以及
控制器，其输出所述LLC转换器的开关频率，并接收所述LLC转换器的输出的开关频率以及所述LLC转换器中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并且调整所述LLC转换器的输入端子电压，使得所述LLC转换器的开关频率变为所述谐振频率，
其中所述控制器包括：
LLC转换器控制器，其接收所述LLC转换器的输出电流指令值和输出电流感测值，并输出所述LLC转换器的开关频率；以及
电压指令发生器，其接收所述LLC转换器控制器输出的开关频率以及所述LLC转换器中的所述谐振电路的谐振频率，并且输出所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压指令值，使得所述LLC转换器的开关频率变为所述谐振频率，并且
其中所述控制器进一步包括转换补偿器，其将所述LLC转换器的输出电压感测值乘以增益值的值与所述电压指令发生器的输出值相加，并输出所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压指令值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制系统，其中所述控制器还包括：
功率因数校正转换器控制器，其接收从所述电压指令发生器输出的所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的所述电压指令值以及所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压感测值，并且调整所述功率因数校正转换器的输出电压。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制系统，其中所述转换补偿器的增益值是通过考虑所述LLC转换器中的变压器的匝数比来确定的。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制系统，其中所述功率因数校正转换器控制器包括：
电压控制器，其接收从所述电压指令发生器输出的所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压指令值以及所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压感测值，并输出输入电流指令值；以及
电流控制器，其接收所输出的输入电流指令值、外部AC电源的电压感测值和输入电流感测值，并输出所述功率因数校正转换器控制器的开关占空比。
5.一种用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制方法，包括：
接收LLC转换器的输出电流指令值和输出电流感测值，并输出所述LLC转换器的开关频率；以及
接收所述LLC转换器的所输出的开关频率和所述LLC转换器中的谐振电路的谐振频率，并且调整所述LLC转换器的输入端子电压，使得所述LLC转换器的开关频率变为所述谐振频率，
其中调整所述LLC转换器的输入端子电压包括：
接收所输出的开关频率以及所述LLC转换器中的所述谐振电路的谐振频率，并输出所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压指令值，使得所述LLC转换器的所述开关频率变为所述谐振频率，并且
其中输出所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压指令值包括：将所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压指令值与所述LLC转换器的输出电压感测值乘以增益值的值相加，并输出所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压指令值。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制方法，其中调整所述LLC转换器的输入端子电压还包括：
接收所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的所输出的电压指令值以及所述LLC转换器的所述输入端子的电压感测值，并调整功率因数校正转换器的输出电压。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用于车辆的车载电池充电器的控制方法，其中所述增益值是通过考虑所述LLC转换器中的变压器的匝数比来确定的。
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