CN109139901B - 用于在自主制动期间将手动变速器换挡为空挡的车辆、系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于在自主制动期间将手动变速器换挡为空挡的车辆、系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN109139901B
CN109139901B CN201810601769.7A CN201810601769A CN109139901B CN 109139901 B CN109139901 B CN 109139901B CN 201810601769 A CN201810601769 A CN 201810601769A CN 109139901 B CN109139901 B CN 109139901B
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vehicle
gear selector
actuator
neutral
gear
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CN109139901A (zh
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C·T·扎戈尔斯基
M·G·卡朋特
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
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    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

提供一种用于在自主制动期间将手动变速器换挡为空挡的车辆、系统和方法。用于在自主制动期间将车辆换挡为空挡的示例性系统包括手动变速器，该手动变速器用于使用由挡位选择器手动地选择的挡位将动力从发动机传递至差速器。此外，该系统包括致动器，该致动器安装于车辆并且安装于挡位选择器。此外，该系统包括控制器，该控制器联接于致动器并且构造成引导致动器，以在自主制动事件期间迫使挡位选择器进入空挡。

Description

用于在自主制动期间将手动变速器换挡为空挡的车辆、系统 和方法
背景技术
本发明总地涉及一种装配有自动制动系统和手动变速器的机动车辆，并且更具体地说涉及用于在自主制动期间将手动变速器换挡为空挡的车辆、系统和方法。
现代自动紧急制动(AEB)系统可在具有自动或手动变速器的车辆上实施。在可能时，典型的AEB系统设计成在检测到即将来临碰撞时自动地应用车辆制动以避免碰撞，或者避免不可能的话则缓解碰撞的严重性。在自动变速器应用中，AEB系统能使得车辆完全停止而不会使得发动机停转。在手动变速器应用中，如果变速器处于挡位中(并非空挡)，则若驾驶员并未物理地按下离合器踏板，车辆会在紧急制动期间失速。
因此，期望提供一种用于在自主制动期间将手动变速器换挡为空挡的车辆、系统和方法。可提供此种车辆、系统或方法，以防止具有手动变速器的发动机在自主制动期间失速。此外，从结合附图和背景技术的后续详细描述和所附权利要求中，其它期望特征和特点会变得显而易见。
发明内容
提供一种用于在自主制动期间将手动变速器换挡为空挡的车辆、系统和方法。用于在自主制动期间将车辆换挡为空挡的示例性系统包括手动变速器，该手动变速器用于使用由挡位选择器手动地选择的挡位将动力从发动机传递至差速器。此外，该系统包括致动器，该致动器安装于车辆并且安装于挡位选择器。此外，该系统包括控制器，该控制器联接于致动器并且构造成引导致动器，以在自主制动事件期间迫使挡位选择器进入空挡。
另一实施例提供一种用于在自主制动期间将车辆的手动变速器换挡为空挡的方法。该示例性实施例包括识别命令自主制动。此外，该方法包括确定车辆正接近失速。此外，该方法包括迫使挡位选择器进入空挡位置。
在另一实施例中，提供一种能够在自主制动期间将手动变速器自动地换挡为空挡的车辆。该车辆包括自动制动系统、发动机以及差速器。该手动变速器构造成使用由挡位选择器手动地选择的挡位将动力从发动机传递至差速器。此外，该车辆包括致动器，该致动器用于从所选择的挡位自动地换挡为空挡。
附图说明
本文主题之后会结合以下附图进行描述，其中，类似的附图标记指代类似的元件，且附图中：
图1是根据本文的实施例的设有用于将车辆自动地换挡为空挡的系统的车辆的示意图；
图2是说明根据本文实施例的图1所示车辆的示例性手动变速器和系统的部件的示意图，其中，变速器处于驱动齿轮；
图3是根据本文实施例的图2所示手动变速器和系统的示意图，其中，变速器处于空挡；
图4是说明根据本文实施例的图1所示车辆的另一示例性手动变速器和系统的部件的示意图，其中，变速器处于驱动齿轮；
图5是根据本文实施例的图4所示手动变速器和系统的示意图，其中，变速器处于空挡；以及
图6是说明根据本文实施例的用于在自主制动期间将车辆换挡为空挡的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下详细描述在本质上仅仅是示例性的，且并不旨在限制本文所要求的主题。此外，并不旨在受前文背景技术或以下详细描述中呈现的任何理论所限制。
本文的实施例用于避免车辆在自主制动事件期间失速。确切地说，当自动制动系统于车辆处于驱动齿轮时用于停止或大致停止具有手动变速器的车辆时，车辆发动机可能失速。本文的实施例通过将车辆自动地换挡离开驱动齿轮并进入空挡来避免车辆失速。例如，本文提供的实施例通过将挡位选择器从驱动齿轮物理地脱开来将车辆换挡为空挡。在示例性实施例中，提供机械装置，以在自动化制动期间并且在发动机失速之前，将挡位选择器推动离开挡位并进入空挡挡位。如果车辆的驾驶员并未响应并且如果车辆无法无限地保持停止，则机械装置能将挡位选择器推回到驱动齿轮中以有目的地产生失速，来防止车辆滚转。
提供示例性实施例用于装配有手动变速器和AEB系统的车辆。这些实施例防止车辆的发动机在手动变速器车辆上AEB激活期间失速，从而在AEB激活之后为驾驶员提供对车辆的增强可控性。在避免撞击的AEB激活的事件中或者在引起完全车辆停止的AEB系统的误激活期间，避免发动机失速允许驾驶员能更快速地恢复并且重新开始驾驶。在碰撞得以缓解但仍发生的情形中，将挡位选择器自动地推入空挡防止失速并且允许驾驶员能更快速地将车辆驶离道路，以降低与其它车辆碰撞的风险。
图1是说明设有用于在自主制动期间将车辆10换挡为空挡的系统20的车辆10的示意图。如图所示，车辆10包括自动制动系统12。此外，车辆10具有手动变速器14，用于将动力从发动机16传递至差速器18。车辆10还包括控制器22，用于如下文所述自动地换挡为空挡。在某些实施例中，车辆10进一步设有车辆保持机构24，例如电动驻车制动器。在某些实施例中，控制器22例如通过直接或间接连接而电子地联接于自动制动系统12、手动变速器14、发动机16、差速器18以及车辆保持机构24，以接收信息或数据和/或向其提供方向。
图2和3提供说明根据一实施例的图1所示车辆10的示例性手动变速器14和系统20的部件的示意图。图2说明处于驱动齿轮的变速器14，而图3说明在换挡为空挡之后的变速器14。在图2和3中，变速器14设置成将动力从发动机16传递至差速器18。为此，发动机轴31和发动机齿轮32设置成与发动机16连接。如图所示，发动机齿轮32连接于齿轮传动副轴33。此外，手动变速器14包括驱动齿轮34，该驱动齿轮连接于齿轮传动副轴33并且骑跨在轴承上，以绕驱动轴35旋转，该驱动轴连接于差速器18。当车辆10在空挡中滑行时，驱动轴35能在驱动齿轮34内部旋转，同时驱动齿轮34和副轴33并不运动。
例如进一步示出的是，手动变速器14包括轴环36，该轴环可将所选择的驱动齿轮34连接于驱动轴35。轴环36直接地连接于驱动轴35并且随着驱动轴35旋转。然而，轴环36能沿着驱动轴35侧向地、向左或向右滑动，以接合任一个驱动齿轮34。轴环36上的齿(通常称为犬状齿)匹配到驱动齿轮34的侧部上的孔中，以接合所选择的驱动齿轮34。
如图所示，提供挡位选择器37，以将轴环36物理地切换为与驱动齿轮34连接以及脱开与驱动齿轮的连接。挡位选择器37包括挡位选择器拨叉38，该挡位选择器拨叉连接于轴环36，以物理地将轴环36侧向地移入与驱动齿轮34相连接和移出与驱动齿轮的连接。此外，挡位选择器37包括换挡杆39，该换挡杆可由车辆车厢中的驾驶员物理地操纵。
此外，图2和3所示的系统20包括致动器40，该致动器用于从所选择的挡位34自动地换挡为空挡。在图2和3中，致动器40的一个端部41安装于车辆10的结构或部件。致动器40的另一端部42连接于挡位选择器37的换挡杆39的延伸部44。示例性致动器40是机电或液压装置，该机电或液压装置延伸以增大端部41和端部42之间的距离或者收缩以减小端部41和端部42之间的距离。
图2说明与所选择挡位34相连接的轴环36。在图3中，致动器40以一定长度并且沿箭头45的方向延伸。于是，换挡杆延伸部44已致使挡位选择器37移动，且挡位选择器37的挡位选择器拨叉38已将轴环36移动由长度和箭头46的方向指示的距离。如图所示，轴环36已移动到空挡位置48中，即移动离开与任何挡位34连接或者“移出挡位”。实际上，在图3中，致动器40已将变速器14换挡离开所选择挡位34并且进入空挡48。
系统20进一步设置成将手动变速器14换挡离开空挡38并且返回到所选择挡位34中。例如，致动器40可以一定长度并且沿箭头45的相反方向收缩。于是，轴环36可由挡位选择器37移动一定长度并且沿箭头46的相反方向，从空挡位置48且返回为与所选择挡位34连接。替代地，致动器40可沿箭头方向45更远地延伸，以使得轴环36与之前的未选择挡位34接合。
图4和5说明图2和3所示变速器14和系统20的替代实施例。在图4和5中，致动器40安装成直接地连接于挡位选择器37的挡位选择器拨叉38。确切地说，致动器40的端部42直接地连接于挡位选择器拨叉38。此外，致动器40的一个端部41直接地安装于车辆10的结构或部件。如图所示，挡位选择器拨叉38连接于轴环36，且轴环36连接于所选择挡位34。
在图5中，致动器40已收缩，从而使得端部41和端部42之间的距离以一定长度并且沿箭头47的方向减小。于是，挡位选择器37的挡位选择器拨叉38已将轴环36移动相同距离并且沿箭头47所指示的方向。如图所示，轴环36已移动到空挡位置48中。实际上，在图5中，致动器40已将变速器14换挡离开所选择挡位34并且进入空挡48。
图4和5所示系统20进一步设置成将手动变速器14换挡离开空挡38并且返回到所选择挡位34中。例如，致动器40能以一定长度并且沿箭头47的相反方向延伸。于是，轴环36可由挡位选择器37移动一定长度并且沿箭头47的相反方向，从空挡位置48且返回为与所选择挡位34连接。替代地，致动器40可沿箭头47的方向更远地延伸，以使得轴环36与之前的未选择挡位34接合。
图2-3和4-5描述系统20的用于将车辆10自动地换挡离开驱动齿轮并进入空挡的机构。可提供这些实施例，以避免在自主制动事件期间车辆失速。此外，例如所描述的是，系统20可设置成用于将车辆换挡离开空挡并返回进入所选择的驱动齿轮。在自主制动事件已结束之后，如果驾驶员还未接管对车辆的控制的话，此种应用会是有用的。换言之，此种应用可防止车辆在自主制动已结束之后通过有目的地致使车辆失速而在空挡中自由地滚动。
图6提供说明用于在自主制动期间将车辆换挡为空挡的方法100的流程图。如图所示，方法100包括在询问102处识别命令自主制动。此种询问可通过持续地感测自动制动系统是否被接合并且主动地制动车辆来执行。如果并未命令自主制动，则方法100重新开始并继续监控自主制动事件。如果命令自主制动且识别自主制动事件，则该方法包括在询问104处确定车辆是否接近失速。在示例性实施例中，确定车辆接近失速包括监控发动机速度、车辆速度、当前所选择挡位和/或离合器接合状态。因此，可提供例如包括发动机速度、车辆速度、当前所选择挡位和/或离合器接合状态的外部数据106，以确定车辆是否接近失速。在一示例性实施例中，车辆失速状态可由低于发动机怠速速度所选择百分比的发动机速度所指示。此种百分比可由车辆模型和动力系改变，但在示例性实施例中，当发动机速度是发动机怠速速度的大约60％时，可确定车辆接近失速状况。例如，具有约800rpm的发动机怠速速度的车辆可在约500至约600rpm下接近失速。
如果车辆并未接近失速，则查询102通过监控外部数据106继续。如果车辆接近失速，则该方法在动作108处将车辆换挡为空挡，例如通过迫使挡位选择器进入空挡位置来进行。确切地说，可引导致动器40以将挡位选择器物理地移动到空挡位置中。
然后，该方法包括在查询112处确认驾驶员是否已接管对车辆的控制。例如，可利用各种传感器来确定驾驶员是否操作方向盘或离合器、制动器和/或加速器踏板。执行此种动作，以确保例如在车辆自动地滚动时车辆并非出于不安全状况中，而无需操作者或系统控制。如果确定驾驶员已接管控制，则车辆已换挡为空挡的事件可被认为结束，且方法100可重新开始。
如果在查询112处确定驾驶员还未接管对车辆的控制，则方法100包括致使车辆停止。确切地说，在查询114处，方法确定车辆是否包括诸如电动驻车制动器的车辆保持机构，且此种机构是否起作用。如果是的话，则该方法包括在动作116处激活车辆保持机构以停止车辆。如果否的话，则方法包括例如通过迫使挡位选择器离开空挡位置并且进入与所选择挡位连接而在动作118处将挡位选择器换挡回到所选择的驱动齿轮中。确切地说，可引导致动器40以将挡位选择器物理地移动到与所选择挡位连接。
在方法100中，查询动作102、104、112、114的每个可由控制器22执行，而不管是集成到较大车辆系统计算机还是作为针对系统20指示的附加控制器。此外，此种控制器22可引导所要由致动器40或者车辆保持机构24执行的动作108、116和118。
如这里所描述的是，在自主制动事件期间可避免车辆的失速。在示例性实施例中，具有自动制动系统的手动变速器车辆通过自动地换挡离开驱动齿轮并进入空挡而避免失速。例如，这里提供的实施例通过借助机械装置将挡位选择器从驱动齿轮物理地脱开而将车辆换挡为空挡，该机械装置设置成将挡位选择器推出挡位并进入空挡挡位。此外，机械装置能将挡位选择器推回到驱动齿轮中，以有目的地产生失速，来防止车辆滚转。
虽然前文详细描述中已呈现了至少一个示例性方面，但应意识到的是，存在各种各样变型。还应意识到的是，示例性方面或多个示例性方面仅仅是示例，且并不旨在以任何方式限制所要求主题的方面、可应用性或配置。而是，前文详细描述会为本领域技术人员提供用于实施主题的示例性方面的便利指引图。应理解的是，可对示例性方面中描述的元件的功能和结构做出各种改变，而不会偏离在所附权利要求中阐述的主题范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于在自主制动期间将车辆换挡为空挡的系统，所述系统包括：
手动变速器，所述手动变速器使用由挡位选择器手动地选择的挡位将动力从发动机传递至差速器；
致动器，所述致动器安装于所述车辆并且安装于挡位选择器；
车辆保持机构；以及
控制器，所述控制器联接于所述致动器并且构造成引导所述致动器，并且所述控制器配置为：
识别是否命令所述自主制动；
如果识别到命令所述自主制动，则确定所述车辆是否正接近失速；
如果所述车辆正接近失速，则引导所述致动器以迫使所述挡位选择器进入空挡；
确定驾驶员是否已接管对所述车辆的控制；
如果驾驶员未接管对车辆的控制，则确定所述车辆保持机构是否起作用；
如果所述车辆保持机构起作用，则激活所述车辆保持机构以使所述车辆停车；以及
如果所述车辆保持机构不起作用，则引导所述致动器以迫使所述挡位选择器从空挡返回至所选择的驱动挡位中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述挡位选择器包括换挡杆和连接于所述换挡杆的挡位选择器拨叉，其中，所述致动器连接于所述换挡杆。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述挡位选择器包括换挡杆和连接于所述换挡杆的挡位选择器拨叉，其中，所述致动器连接于所述挡位选择器拨叉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，在自主制动事件期间，所述致动器延伸以迫使所述挡位选择器进入空挡。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，在自主制动事件期间，所述致动器收缩以迫使所述挡位选择器进入空挡。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述车辆保持机构为电动驻车制动器。
7.一种用于在自主制动期间将车辆的手动变速器换挡为空挡的方法，所述方法包括：
识别是否命令所述自主制动；
如果识别到命令所述自主制动，则确定所述车辆是否正接近失速；
如果所述车辆正接近失速，则迫使挡位选择器进入空挡位置；
确定驾驶员是否已接管对所述车辆的控制；
如果驾驶员未接管对车辆的控制，则确定所述车辆的车辆保持机构是否起作用；
如果所述车辆保持机构起作用，则激活所述车辆保持机构以使所述车辆停车；以及
如果所述车辆保持机构不起作用，则迫使所述挡位选择器从空挡位置返回至所选择的驱动挡位中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，迫使所述挡位选择器进入空挡位置包括引导致动器，以使得所述挡位选择器物理地移动到所述空挡位置中。
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US9944288B1 (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-04-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle idle and launch control

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US10196063B2 (en) 2019-02-05

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