CN106545650B - 用于脱开机动车双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法 - Google Patents

用于脱开机动车双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法 Download PDF

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CN106545650B
CN106545650B CN201610656494.8A CN201610656494A CN106545650B CN 106545650 B CN106545650 B CN 106545650B CN 201610656494 A CN201610656494 A CN 201610656494A CN 106545650 B CN106545650 B CN 106545650B
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parking lock
torque
drive
transmission
disengaging
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A·费纳
A·霍夫曼
T·约翰
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于脱开机动车双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法，在其中，当沿车辆的纵轴线检测到其绝对值超过预规定阈值的路面斜度并且在操作换挡杆以便脱开驻车锁定器时，在脱开驻车锁定器之前向驱动装置发出扭矩要求并且在分变送器中挂入挡位的情况下闭合双离合器变速器的一个配置给该分变送器的带负载切换离合器，这样选择待闭合的带负载切换离合器和所要求的扭矩，使得该扭矩反作用于在驻车锁定器挂入时通过驱动轮在输出侧作用于变速器且由锁定卡爪支撑的扭矩并且用作卸载力矩。

Description

用于脱开机动车双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于脱开机动车双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法以及一种用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的设备。
背景技术
双离合器变速器主要包括具有不同齿轮对的两个线路或者说分变送器、两个分别配置给一个分变送器的带负载切换离合器、一个驱动轴和一个输出轴以及根据挡位数量的形锁合、非同步的换挡离合器。在此挡位交替地设置在两个分变送器中，从而可在无负载的分变送器中预选择一个挡位，而由另一个分变送器传递扭矩。换挡这样实现，即待传递的扭矩由一个带负载切换离合器传递到另一个带负载切换离合器，从而可无负载且无牵引力中断地并且在未张紧可切换挡位的情况下进行换挡。通常可借助一个分变送器切换奇数挡并且借助另一分变送器切换偶数挡和倒挡。
由现有技术公开了用于自动变速器、尤其是双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器机构。通常这种机构包括预张紧的弹簧，通过该弹簧激活驻车锁定器，在此驻车锁定功能通过一个锁定锥体－卡爪系统(Sperrkegel-Klinkensystem)实现。为了停用驻车锁定器，通常使用机械拉杆或可液压或气动操作的活塞。在此拉杆的操作杆或者说活塞的活塞杆与驻车锁定卡爪和驻车锁定轮共同作用，所述活塞自身可轴向移动地设置在致动器壳体的活塞孔中。这种驻车锁定器机构的通常构造为锁定锥体的锁定元件一般在锁定状态中夹紧在驻车锁定卡爪和导向板之间，以便防止驻车锁定卡爪从与变速器输出端连接的驻车锁定轮的齿槽中被压出。
在挂入驻车锁定器时，驻车锁定卡爪通过锁定锥体被压入驻车锁定轮的齿部中并且在此支撑在导向板上，在驻车锁定器挂入时，通过驱动轮在输出侧作用于变速器的扭矩被锁定卡爪支撑。该扭矩尤其是可通过较大的路面坡度产生，也就是说，车辆在前进方向上处于上坡或下坡中并且在此作用于车辆的下坡从动力在输出侧导入动力系统中，由此动力系统在驱动轮和驻车锁定器之间张紧。
在脱开驻车锁定器时，锁定锥体沿轴向方向移动，由此基于动力系统的张紧处于压力下的驻车锁定卡爪在撞击式卸载的范畴中被释放。在该过程中不利地出现卸载撞击，因为驻车锁定卡爪极快地向锁定锥体和导向板方向移动并且以其远离驻车锁定销的端部碰撞到导向板上，由此产生不希望的巨大金属噪声。该噪声作为固体声音通过与锁定卡爪一起处于力流中的构件传递至变速器壳体中并且从那里向外作为噪声发出，这除了冲击外也被认为是不愉快的。
本申请人的DE 102008000177 A1公开了一种用于阻尼驻车锁定器脱开时的扭转震动的装置，驻车锁定器包括与变速器输出端连接的驻车锁定轮、可通过驻车锁定销在变速器壳体中转动支承的锁定卡爪(该锁定卡爪卡入驻车锁定轮中或脱出并且其可转动的端部在一个与变速器壳体连接的导向板中被引导)以及锁定元件，该锁定元件在锁定状态中夹紧在锁定卡爪和导向板之间，以便防止锁定卡爪从驻车锁定轮的齿槽中被压出。所公开的装置包括一个可旋转支承的卡爪，该卡爪具有一个可卡入驻车锁定轮齿部中的爪齿，卡爪与用于拉力和压力负荷的轴向作用的阻尼装置连接并且这样设置，使得卡爪在驻车锁定器挂入时克服一个复位弹簧的力形锁合地被压入驻车锁定轮的齿部中，并且在驻车锁定器脱开时驻车锁定轮的旋转运动通过形锁合地卡入驻车锁定轮中的卡爪爪齿不仅在前向运动而且也在后向运动中基于阻尼装置的阻尼作用减速或者说阻尼。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务在于提供一种用于脱开机动车双离合器变速器驻车锁定器的方法，通过该方法的实施可避免驻车锁定轮的震动和因此所描述的卸载撞击。
该任务通过根据本发明的用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法解决，其中，当沿车辆的纵轴线检测到路面斜度的绝对值超过预规定阈值并且在操作换挡杆以便脱开驻车锁定器时，在脱开驻车锁定器之前向驱动装置发出扭矩要求并且在分变送器中挂入挡位的情况下操作双离合器变速器的一个配置给该分变送器的带负载切换离合器闭合，将被操作的带负载切换离合器、由带负载切换离合器基于操作所传递的扭矩和从驱动装置所要求的扭矩选择成，使得该从驱动装置所要求的扭矩反作用于在驻车锁定器挂入时通过驱动轮在输出侧作用于变速器的且由驻车锁定卡爪支撑的扭矩并且用作卸载力矩。
据此提出一种用于脱开机动车双离合器变速器驻车锁定器的方法，在该方法的范畴中，当沿车辆的纵轴线检测到其绝对值超过预规定阈值的路面斜度并且在操作换挡杆以脱开驻车锁定器时，在脱开驻车锁定器之前向驱动装置发出扭矩要求并且在分变送器中挂入挡位的情况下闭合双离合器变速器的一个配置给该分变送器的带负载切换离合器，这样选择待闭合的带负载切换离合器和所要求的扭矩，使得该扭矩反作用于在驻车锁定器挂入时通过驱动轮在输出侧作用于变速器的且由驻车锁定卡爪支撑的扭矩并且用作卸载力矩。
在本发明的一种扩展方案范畴中，为了优化驻车锁定器脱开时的反应时间，已经在达到扭矩阈值时实施脱开过程，因为液压系统为了使锁定锥体沿轴向方向移动具有物理延时。
根据路面斜度和起动方向因此在待闭合的带负载切换离合器所配置的分变速器中挂入第一挡或倒挡。
通过根据本发明的设计方案提高了机动车双离合器变速器驻车锁定器脱开时的舒适度，这有利地在没有附加构件或驻车锁定器机构改变的情况下进行。
此外，本发明提出一种用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的设备，该设备设有控制单元，其用于实施根据本发明所述的用于脱开驻车锁定器的方法。
附图说明
下面参考附图示例性详细说明本发明，所述附图示出路面坡度、车辆速度、加速踏板行程、发动机转速、双离合器变速器分变送器输入轴的转速、斜坡保持功能(Hillholder)、换挡杆位置、分变送器中挂入的挡位、两个带负载切换离合器的接合力矩和驻车锁定器传感器信号作为时间函数的曲线。
在附图中曲线A示出路面坡度的时间曲线；曲线B示出车辆速度的时间曲线；曲线C示出加速踏板行程的时间曲线；曲线D示出发动机转速的时间曲线；曲线E示出双离合器变速器第一分变送器输入轴转速的时间曲线；曲线F示出双离合器变速器第二分变送器输入轴转速的时间曲线。此外曲线G示出斜坡保持功能的时间曲线；曲线H示出换挡杆位置的时间曲线；曲线I示出当前行驶挡位的时间曲线；曲线J示出预选挡位、即在未与驱动装置连接的分变送器中挂入的挡位的时间曲线；曲线K示出配置给第二分变送器的带负载切换离合器的接合力矩的时间曲线；曲线L示出配置给第一分变送器的带负载切换离合器的接合力矩的时间曲线；并且曲线M示出驻车锁定器传感器信号的时间曲线。
具体实施方式
在时刻t_0，路面坡度超过预规定的阈值、例如超过5％，这通过传感器识别并被传输给控制装置，在同一时刻斜坡保持功能从状态“停用”进入状态“准备”。在此在加速踏板位置和换挡杆位置保持不变时，车辆速度、发动机转速和分变送器输入轴的转速基于上坡而减小；行驶挡位相应于第一挡并且在第二分变送器中挂入。
在时刻t_1，驾驶员在发动机转速进一步下降时离开加速踏板，在此车辆停止，斜坡保持功能从状态“准备”进入状态“激活”并且分变送器输入轴的转速为零，在时刻t_2在坡度超过预规定阈值的情况下，换挡杆被操作以挂入位置P并且要求驻车锁定器挂入。在第一分变送器中挂入的预选挡位在该时刻相应于倒挡，在第二分变送器中挂入第一挡。基于液压系统用于移动锁定锥体以挂入驻车锁定器的延时，驻车锁定器在时刻t_2之后被挂入。
在时刻t_3，操作换挡杆以挂入位置D并且要求驻车锁定器脱开，在此根据本发明在驻车锁定器脱开之前发出扭矩要求并且在分变送器中挂入挡位的情况下闭合双离合器变速器的一个配置给该分变送器的带负载切换离合器，这样选择待闭合的带负载切换离合器和所要求的扭矩，使得该扭矩反作用于在驻车锁定器挂入时通过驱动轮在输出侧作用于变速器且由锁定卡爪支撑的扭矩并且用作卸载力矩。通过这种方式实现减震。在当前情况下闭合配置给第二分变送器——在其中挂入第一挡——的带负载切换离合器，因为车辆处于上坡中。
当车辆处于下坡时，闭合配置给第一分变送器——在其中挂入倒挡——的带负载切换离合器以提供卸载力矩，随后根据驾驶员愿望挂入挡位。
为了优化驻车锁定器脱开时的反应时间，已经在达到扭矩阈值时——其在所示示例中为30Nm并且在时刻t_4达到——实施驻车锁定器的脱开过程，由此考虑了液压系统的物理延时。该扭矩随后被提高至预规定的最大值。驻车锁定器在时刻t_5稍前完全脱开，在时刻t_5，本发明方法的实施结束并且在晚些时候的时刻t_6——在该时刻斜坡保持功能从状态“激活”变为状态“准备”——车辆响应加速踏板的操作开始加速，行驶挡位是第一分变送器中的第二挡并且作为预选挡位在第二分变送器中保持挂入第一挡。
附图标记列表
A 路面坡度的时间曲线
B 车辆速度的时间曲线
C 加速踏板行程的时间曲线
D 发动机转速的时间曲线
E 第一分变送器输入轴转速的时间曲线
F 第二分变送器输入轴转速的时间曲线
G 斜坡保持功能的时间曲线
H 换挡杆位置的时间曲线
I 行驶挡位的时间曲线
J 预选挡位的时间曲线
K 配置给第二分变送器的带负载切换离合器的接合力矩的时间曲线
L 配置给第一分变送器的带负载切换离合器的接合力矩的时间曲线
M 驻车锁定器传感器信号的时间曲线。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法，其特征在于，当沿车辆的纵轴线检测到路面斜度的绝对值超过预规定阈值并且在操作换挡杆以便脱开驻车锁定器时，在脱开驻车锁定器之前向驱动装置发出扭矩要求并且在分变送器中挂入挡位的情况下操作双离合器变速器的一个配置给该分变送器的带负载切换离合器闭合，将被操作的带负载切换离合器、由带负载切换离合器基于操作所传递的扭矩和从驱动装置所要求的扭矩选择成，使得该从驱动装置所要求的扭矩反作用于在驻车锁定器挂入时通过驱动轮在输出侧作用于变速器的且由驻车锁定卡爪支撑的扭矩并且用作卸载力矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法，其特征在于，在由带负载切换离合器传递的扭矩达到扭矩阈值时实施驻车锁定器的脱开过程，由此考虑到液压系统的物理延时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法，其特征在于，卸载力矩由驱动装置在驱动装置的恒定转速下施加。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法，其特征在于，卸载力矩由驱动装置在驱动装置的恒定转速下施加。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法，其特征在于，卸载力矩由内燃机施加。
6.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的方法，其特征在于，卸载力矩由电驱动装置施加。
7.一种用于脱开包括至少一个驱动装置的机动车的双离合器变速器的驻车锁定器的设备，其特征在于，设有控制单元，其用于实施根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法。
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