CN109134173B - 简便合成杂环芳基酮类化合物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了简便合成杂环芳基酮类化合物的方法,属于有机化学技术领域。以苄基杂环类化合物为反应原料,在极性溶剂中,氧气氛围下加热反应得到多取代的酮类化合物。本发明使用分子氧作为氧化剂,绿色、环保,直接促进Csp3‑H键的选择性氧化官能化来制备酮,拓宽了酮类化合物的合成方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种简便合成杂环芳基酮类化合物的方法。
背景技术
众所周知,杂环芳基酮类化合物是天然产物、医药、农药的一个重要组成部分。
传统方法制备杂环酮类化合物(尤其是氮杂环酮类化合物)大都使用当量的有毒有害的氧化剂,并且该过程中往往会产生大量副产物。因而,在合成杂环酮类过程中,利用过氧化物作氧化剂、过渡金属作催化剂氧化杂环苄基的亚甲基已经是一种成熟有效的方法。
在催化化学中,分子氧是一个绿色、高效的氧化剂。由于它的经济性、环境友好性等特点,利用分子氧直接进行C-H键氧化成羰基化合物,在学术界乃至工业应用方面是一个重大的突破。尽管在这方面已经取得了一定的进步,然而利用分子氧做催化剂直接氧化C-H键功能化仍然面临巨大挑战。因而利用分子氧氧化氮杂环化合物中的Csp3-H键来制备杂环芳基酮依然有待发展,仍需在这个方向上做进一步探索。
发明内容
为了克服上述缺陷,本发明公开了一种绿色、有效、便捷地合成杂环芳基酮类化合物的方法。从简单易得的试剂出发,经由简便的操作步骤,在温和,绿色的反应条件下,经过一步反应即可得到酮类化合物,避免了传统合成方法中有毒有害的氧化剂、副产物多等弊端,成功合成了多官能化的酮类化合物。
一种简便合成羰基类化合物的方法,本发明采用的技术方案,其特征在于,包括以下操作:将苄基杂环类化合物类化合物1和溶剂混合后,在氧气促进下,加热反应得到杂环芳基酮类化合物2,反应方程式如下:
其中:Het选自含氮或氧杂环,Ar选自含碳、氧、硫或氮杂环。
进一步地,所述Het选自2-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、苯并噻唑、5-氯苯并噻唑、苯并咪唑;Ar选自苯基、5-苯并[d][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯、4-氯苯基、4-硝基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-联苯、3-氯苯基、3-噻吩基、3-吡啶基、2-噻吩基、2-萘基或1-萘基。
进一步地,所述反应溶剂选自极性溶剂。优选:DMF、DMSO、二氧六环、DMAC、环丁砜。更进一步地,优选溶剂为DMSO。
进一步地,所述加热反应时,温度控制在100-160℃,反应时间控制在24-60h;
进一步地,本发明研究了多种苄基杂环化合物的羰基化反应。实验发现该反应对苯环的硝基、甲氧基、氯代等取代基以及杂环均有广泛的底物适应性,得到了较高产率的对应目标产物。
进一步地,为了更好的理解本发明,以4-苄基吡啶为底物进行条件优化为例:在氧气气氛下,将0.3mmol 4-苄基吡啶1a和2mL的二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热,搅拌反应48h。反应结束后,冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法分离得到纯的目标产物2a,收率87%,改变其它反应条件时,结果如下:
1)采用其它反应溶剂,如甲苯、二甲苯、DMF或DMAC时,分离收率有所降低,分别为3%,15%,21%和67%。
2)反应温度为110℃、120℃、140℃、160℃时,反应收率分别对应为24%,48%,87%和85%。
推测反应机理如下:
4-苄基吡啶1a在DMSO促进下形成亚甲基自由基。亚甲基自由基捕获氧气形成超氧自由基,然后氢质子与超氧自由基结合形成中间体,中间体失去一分子水生成目标产物2a。
发明有益效果:
1)本发明方法实验步骤少,技术难度低,条件温和,易于操作。本发明方法避免了使用多步反应的过程,反应一步即可完成。
2)本发明使用廉价易得、环境友好的O2作为氧化剂,避免了过渡金属催化剂及有毒配体的使用,开发了一种使用O2活化各种N-杂环化合物高选择性转化成的相应的酮的有效方法,具有潜在的应用价值。
具体实施例:
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下实例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1-8
在氧气气氛下,将0.3mmol苄基杂环1a-1h和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热到130℃,搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2a-2h。
实施例1
在氧气气氛下,将0.3mmol 4-苄基吡啶(1a)和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热到130℃,搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2a(47.8mg,87%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3):8.82(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.82(dd,J=12.0,6.0Hz,2H),7.65(td,J=9.0,6.0Hz,1H),7.59(dd,J=6.0,6.0Hz,2H),7.52(td,J=9.0,6.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):195.1,150.4,144.3,135.9,133.5,130.1,128.6,122.8.
实施例2
在氧气气氛下,将0.3mmol 2-苄基吡啶(1b)和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热到140℃,搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2b(42.8mg,78%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3):8.60(dd,J=6.0,6.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=12.0Hz,2H),7.91(dd,J=12.0,6.0Hz,1H),7.76(td,J=9.0,6.0Hz,1H),7.47(td,J=9.0,6.0Hz,1H),7.38-7.34(m,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):193.8,155.1,148.5,137.0,136.3,132.9,131.0,128.1,126.2,124.6.
实施例3
在氧气气氛下,将0.3mmol 4-(4-氯苄基)吡啶(1c)和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热到130℃,搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2c(58.6mg,90%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):8.83(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.57(dd,J=6.0,6.0Hz,2H),7.50(d,J=6.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):193.9,150.4,143.9,140.1,134.2,131.5,129.0,122.7
实施例4
在氧气气氛下,将0.3mmol 2-(4-氯苄基)吡啶(1d)和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2d(37.8mg,58%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3):8.72(dd,J=6.0,6.0Hz,1H),8.07(dd,J=12.0,6.0Hz,3H),7.91(td,J=9.0,6.0Hz,1H),7.50(td,J=6.0,6.0Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=12.0,6.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):192.4,154.7,148.5,139.4,137.2,134.6,132.5,128.5,126.4,124.7.
实施例5
在氧气气氛下,将0.30mmol氧杂蒽(1e)和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热搅拌反应60h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2e(36.5mg,62%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):8.34(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.72(td,J=9.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=12.0Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=6.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):177.2,156.2,134.8,126.7,123.9,121.9,118.0.
实施例6
在氧气气氛下,将0.3mmol 2-(噻吩-3-基甲基)吡啶(1f)和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2f(41.4mg,73%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.85(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),8.73(dd,J=8.0,4.0Hz,1H),8.12(dd,J=12.0,4.0Hz,1H),7.88(td,J=10.0,4.0Hz,2H),7.47(td,J=8.0,4.0Hz,1H),7.33(t,J=4.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):185.8,155.2,148.5,139.8,137.0,137.0,129.3,126.3,125.1,124.3.
实施例7
在氧气气氛下,将0.30mmol 2-苄基苯并咪唑(1g)和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2g(52.6mg,79%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):13.52(s,1H),8.58(dd,J=8.0,4.0Hz,2H),7.89(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.72(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.64-7.59(m,3H),7.42(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.33(t,J=8.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO-d6):184.0,148.4,143.7,136.1,134.6,134.1,131.4,128.9,126.2,123.6,121.8,113.3.
实施例8
在氧气气氛下,将0.3mmol 2-苄基苯并[d]噻唑(1h)和2mL二甲亚砜依次加入到Schlenk反应管中,在IKA(恒温加热磁力搅拌器)中恒温加热搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水淬灭。然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将有机层合并,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相。通过柱层析法得到纯的目标产物2h(55.9mg,78%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.42(dd,J=8.0,4.0Hz,2H),8.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.51(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.43-7.35(m,4H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):185.3,185.3,167.1,153.9,137.0,135.0,133.9,131.3,128.5,127.7,127.0,125.7,122.2.
实施例9
按照实施例8类似的反应条件进行,仅底物改变,结果如下:
aReaction conditions:100℃,48h.
对比实施例
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。
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