CN109130341A - 一种吸音橡胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种吸音橡胶及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109130341A
CN109130341A CN201810917391.1A CN201810917391A CN109130341A CN 109130341 A CN109130341 A CN 109130341A CN 201810917391 A CN201810917391 A CN 201810917391A CN 109130341 A CN109130341 A CN 109130341A
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李俊
毛旺龙
张文强
李斌商
赵旭
袁良鹏
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Anhui Wei Wei Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种吸音橡胶及其制备方法，属于橡胶材料领域。包括高密度织物层，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有凹槽一和凹槽二，所述凹槽二分别设置在两个相邻凹槽一之间，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有橡胶基层，所述高密度织物层上端橡胶基层的下端设有与凹槽一相适配的凸块一，所述高密度织物层下端橡胶基层的上端设有与凹槽二相适配的凸块二，所述橡胶基层远离高密度织物层的一端设有表面层，所述其中一个表面层远离橡胶基层的一端设有橡胶外层。本发明所述吸音橡胶吸音性能优异，且具有良好的耐磨性、耐老化性、耐低温性。

Description

一种吸音橡胶及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于橡胶材料领域，具体涉及一种吸音橡胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
橡胶是指具有可逆形变的高弹性聚合物材料，在室温下富有弹性，在很小的外力作用下能产生较大形变，除去外力后能恢复原状。橡胶属于完全无定型聚合物，它的玻璃化转变温度低，分子量往往很大，大于几十万。早期的橡胶是取自橡胶树、橡胶草等植物的胶乳，加工后制成具有弹性、绝缘性、不透水和空气的材料。是高弹性的高分子化合物。橡胶分为天然橡胶与合成橡胶二种。天然橡胶是从橡胶树、橡胶草等植物中提取胶质后加工制成；合成橡胶则由各种单体经聚合反应而得。橡胶制品广泛应用于工业或生活各方面。随着经济的不断发展，橡胶应用到方方面面，例如汽车轮胎、密封条等方面。但是，目前社会上噪音污染越来越严重，吸音材料有很大的发展空间，市场上却没有橡胶产品的吸音材料，如果有吸音功能的橡胶材料，则可以大大降低噪音污染带来的困扰。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种吸音橡胶及其制备方法，该吸音橡胶吸音性能优异，且具有良好的耐磨性、耐老化性、耐低温性。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种吸音橡胶，包括高密度织物层，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有凹槽一和凹槽二，所述凹槽二分别设置在两个相邻凹槽一之间，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有橡胶基层，所述高密度织物层上端橡胶基层的下端设有与凹槽一相适配的凸块一，所述高密度织物层下端橡胶基层的上端设有与凹槽二相适配的凸块二，所述橡胶基层远离高密度织物层的一端设有表面层，所述其中一个表面层远离橡胶基层的一端设有橡胶外层。
优选地，所述高密度织物层包括超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维的质量比为2：7：1。
优选地，所述橡胶基层由以下重量份的原料组成，苯基硅橡胶50-75份、丁腈橡胶80-100份、空心玻璃微珠10-17份、陶瓷粉碳化硅10-15份、蛭石粉20-34份、氢氧化铝5-8份。
优选地，所述橡胶外层与橡胶基层成分相同。
优选地，所述表面层包括玻璃纤维、矿渣棉，所述玻璃纤维和矿渣棉的质量比为10:3。
优选地，所述高密度织物层、橡胶基层、表面层、橡胶外层的厚度比为1:30:2:18。
优选地，一种吸音橡胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)高密度织物层制备：将高密度织物层的原料混合均匀，送入开松机进行开松，开松之后送入梳理装置进行梳理，接着再通过铺网机制成纵横交错的纤网，然后利用缝编机进行缝编加固，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得体积密度为0.08-0.87g/cm3的高密度织物层，该高密度织物层的平均孔径为5-35μm；
(2)橡胶基层、橡胶表层制备：在开炼机依次加入橡胶基层的原料，混炼混匀后热处理，热处理结束待温度降至室温后，将混炼产物放置24小时后进行返炼，最后用平板硫化机硫化制成橡胶，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得橡胶基层、橡胶表层；
(3)表面层制备：将表面层的原料混合之后进行开松、梳理、铺网加工成纤维网，将制得的纤维网进行加固得到表面层；
(4)热压成型：在高密度织物层的上端和下端分别复合橡胶基层，再在橡胶基层外端上复合表面层，接着在其中一个表面层外端再复合橡胶外层，最后进行热压定型，即得所述吸音橡胶。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1)橡胶基层和橡胶表层以苯基硅橡胶、丁腈橡胶为主料，增加了成品的耐磨性、耐老化性、耐低温性能，空心玻璃微珠、蛭石粉具有优异的吸音效果，陶瓷粉碳化硅具有耐高温、高的抗弯强度、优良的抗氧化性、良好的耐腐蚀性、高的抗磨损性能，氢氧化铝可以增加成品的阻燃性。
2)高密度织物层具有优异的吸音性能，通过特殊的凹凸结构与橡胶基层结合，可以提高成品的吸声系数。
3)表面层的设置，再次加强吸音功能，橡胶外层的设置可以提高成品的耐磨损、耐低温性能，增加成品的寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中一种吸音橡胶的结构示意图一；
图2是本发明实施例中一种吸音橡胶的结构示意图二；
图中，1、高密度织物层，2、凹槽一，3、凹槽二，4、橡胶基层，5、凸块一，6、凸块二，7、表面层，8、橡胶外层。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
如图1-2所示，本实施例中所述的吸音橡胶，包括高密度织物层1，所述高密度织物层1上端和下端分别设有凹槽一2和凹槽二3，所述凹槽二3分别设置在两个相邻凹槽一2之间，所述高密度织物层1上端和下端分别设有橡胶基层4，所述高密度织物层1上端橡胶基层4的下端设有与凹槽一2相适配的凸块一5，所述高密度织物层1下端橡胶基层的上端设有与凹槽二3相适配的凸块二6，所述橡胶基层4远离高密度织物层1的一端设有表面层7，所述其中一个表面层7远离橡胶基层4的一端设有橡胶外层8。
所述高密度织物层包括超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维的质量比为2：7：1；所述橡胶基层由以下重量份的原料组成，苯基硅橡胶50份、丁腈橡胶80份、空心玻璃微珠10份、陶瓷粉碳化硅10份、蛭石粉20份、氢氧化铝5份；所述橡胶外层与橡胶基层成分相同；所述表面层包括玻璃纤维、矿渣棉，所述玻璃纤维和矿渣棉的质量比为10:3；所述高密度织物层、橡胶基层、表面层、橡胶外层的厚度比为1:30:2:18。
一种吸音橡胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)高密度织物层制备：将高密度织物层的原料混合均匀，送入开松机进行开松，开松之后送入梳理装置进行梳理，接着再通过铺网机制成纵横交错的纤网，然后利用缝编机进行缝编加固，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得体积密度为0.08g/cm3的高密度织物层，该高密度织物层的平均孔径为5μm；
(2)橡胶基层、橡胶表层制备：在开炼机依次加入橡胶基层的原料，混炼混匀后热处理，热处理结束待温度降至室温后，将混炼产物放置24小时后进行返炼，最后用平板硫化机硫化制成橡胶，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得橡胶基层、橡胶表层；
(3)表面层制备：将表面层的原料混合之后进行开松、梳理、铺网加工成纤维网，将制得的纤维网进行加固得到表面层；
(4)热压成型：在高密度织物层的上端和下端分别复合橡胶基层，再在橡胶基层外端上复合表面层，接着在其中一个表面层外端再复合橡胶外层，最后进行热压定型，即得所述吸音橡胶。
实施例2
本实施例中所述的吸音橡胶，包括高密度织物层，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有凹槽一和凹槽二，所述凹槽二分别设置在两个相邻凹槽一之间，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有橡胶基层，所述高密度织物层上端橡胶基层的下端设有与凹槽一相适配的凸块一，所述高密度织物层下端橡胶基层的上端设有与凹槽二相适配的凸块二，所述橡胶基层远离高密度织物层的一端设有表面层，所述其中一个表面层远离橡胶基层的一端设有橡胶外层。
所述高密度织物层包括超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维的质量比为2：7：1；所述橡胶基层由以下重量份的原料组成，苯基硅橡胶62份、丁腈橡胶90份、空心玻璃微珠14份、陶瓷粉碳化硅13份、蛭石粉27份、氢氧化铝6份；所述橡胶外层与橡胶基层成分相同；所述表面层包括玻璃纤维、矿渣棉，所述玻璃纤维和矿渣棉的质量比为10:3；所述高密度织物层、橡胶基层、表面层、橡胶外层的厚度比为1:30:2:18。
一种吸音橡胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)高密度织物层制备：将高密度织物层的原料混合均匀，送入开松机进行开松，开松之后送入梳理装置进行梳理，接着再通过铺网机制成纵横交错的纤网，然后利用缝编机进行缝编加固，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得体积密度为0.50g/cm3的高密度织物层，该高密度织物层的平均孔径为20μm；
(2)橡胶基层、橡胶表层制备：在开炼机依次加入橡胶基层的原料，混炼混匀后热处理，热处理结束待温度降至室温后，将混炼产物放置24小时后进行返炼，最后用平板硫化机硫化制成橡胶，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得橡胶基层、橡胶表层；
(3)表面层制备：将表面层的原料混合之后进行开松、梳理、铺网加工成纤维网，将制得的纤维网进行加固得到表面层；
(4)热压成型：在高密度织物层的上端和下端分别复合橡胶基层，再在橡胶基层外端上复合表面层，接着在其中一个表面层外端再复合橡胶外层，最后进行热压定型，即得所述吸音橡胶。
实施例3
本实施例中所述的吸音橡胶，包括高密度织物层，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有凹槽一和凹槽二，所述凹槽二分别设置在两个相邻凹槽一之间，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有橡胶基层，所述高密度织物层上端橡胶基层的下端设有与凹槽一相适配的凸块一，所述高密度织物层下端橡胶基层的上端设有与凹槽二相适配的凸块二，所述橡胶基层远离高密度织物层的一端设有表面层，所述其中一个表面层远离橡胶基层的一端设有橡胶外层。
所述高密度织物层包括超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维的质量比为2：7：1；所述橡胶基层由以下重量份的原料组成，苯基硅橡胶75份、丁腈橡胶100份、空心玻璃微珠17份、陶瓷粉碳化硅15份、蛭石粉34份、氢氧化铝8份；所述橡胶外层与橡胶基层成分相同；所述表面层包括玻璃纤维、矿渣棉，所述玻璃纤维和矿渣棉的质量比为10:3；所述高密度织物层、橡胶基层、表面层、橡胶外层的厚度比为1:30:2:18。
一种吸音橡胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)高密度织物层制备：将高密度织物层的原料混合均匀，送入开松机进行开松，开松之后送入梳理装置进行梳理，接着再通过铺网机制成纵横交错的纤网，然后利用缝编机进行缝编加固，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得体积密度为0.87g/cm3的高密度织物层，该高密度织物层的平均孔径为35μm；
(2)橡胶基层、橡胶表层制备：在开炼机依次加入橡胶基层的原料，混炼混匀后热处理，热处理结束待温度降至室温后，将混炼产物放置24小时后进行返炼，最后用平板硫化机硫化制成橡胶，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得橡胶基层、橡胶表层；
(3)表面层制备：将表面层的原料混合之后进行开松、梳理、铺网加工成纤维网，将制得的纤维网进行加固得到表面层；
(4)热压成型：在高密度织物层的上端和下端分别复合橡胶基层，再在橡胶基层外端上复合表面层，接着在其中一个表面层外端再复合橡胶外层，最后进行热压定型，即得所述吸音橡胶。
对比例1
本实施例中所述的吸音橡胶，一种吸音橡胶，包括高密度织物层，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有橡胶基层，所述橡胶基层远离高密度织物层的一端设有表面层，所述其中一个表面层远离橡胶基层的一端设有橡胶外层。
本对比例与实施例2中的各原料成分组成及制备方法均相同，区别之处在于高密度织物层和橡胶基层的形状不同，本实施例中高密度织物层和橡胶基层的截面均为平面状。
对比例2
本实施例中所述的吸音橡胶，一种吸音橡胶，包括高密度织物层，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有凹槽一和凹槽二，所述凹槽二分别设置在两个相邻凹槽一之间，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有橡胶基层，所述高密度织物层上端橡胶基层的下端设有与凹槽一相适配的凸块一，所述高密度织物层下端橡胶基层的上端设有与凹槽二相适配的凸块二，所述其中一个橡胶基层远离高密度织物层的一端设有橡胶外层。
所述高密度织物层包括超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维的质量比为2：7：1；所述橡胶基层由以下重量份的原料组成，苯基硅橡胶62份、丁腈橡胶90份、空心玻璃微珠14份、陶瓷粉碳化硅13份、蛭石粉27份、氢氧化铝6份；所述高密度织物层、橡胶基层、橡胶外层的厚度比为1:32:18。
一种吸音橡胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)高密度织物层制备：将高密度织物层的原料混合均匀，送入开松机进行开松，开松之后送入梳理装置进行梳理，接着再通过铺网机制成纵横交错的纤网，然后利用缝编机进行缝编加固，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得体积密度为0.5g/cm3的高密度织物层，该高密度织物层的平均孔径为20μm；
(2)橡胶基层、橡胶表层制备：在开炼机依次加入橡胶基层的原料，混炼混匀后热处理，热处理结束待温度降至室温后，将混炼产物放置24小时后进行返炼，最后用平板硫化机硫化制成橡胶，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得橡胶基层、橡胶表层；
(3)热压成型：在高密度织物层的上端和下端分别复合橡胶基层，接着在其中一个橡胶基层外端再复合橡胶外层，最后进行热压定型，即得所述吸音橡胶。
本对比例与实施例2的区别之处在于：本实施例缺少表面层。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例2的区别在于：本实施例中所述橡胶基层由以下重量份的原料组成，苯基硅橡胶62份、丁腈橡胶90份、空心玻璃微珠41份、陶瓷粉碳化硅13份、氢氧化铝6份。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例2的区别在于：本实施例中所述橡胶基层由以下重量份的原料组成，苯基硅橡胶62份、丁腈橡胶90份、蛭石粉41份、陶瓷粉碳化硅13份、氢氧化铝6份。
为了验证本发明所得材料的吸音性能，对实施例1-3和对比例1-4所得材料进行吸声系数测定，所得结果如下：
表1吸声系数测定结果
项目 125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1000Hz 2000Hz
实施例1 0.62 0.73 0.88 0.93 0.94
实施例2 0.66 0.78 0.90 0.94 0.96
实施例3 0.60 0.71 0.85 0.92 0.94
对比例1 0.49 0.55 0.64 0.69 0.70
对比例2 0.35 0.43 0.52 0.58 0.65
对比例3 0.55 0.67 0.80 0.85 0.89
对比例4 0.54 0.62 0.76 0.83 0.85
从表1的结果可以看出，本发明制备的吸音橡胶具有优异的吸音效果。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离本发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种吸音橡胶，其特征在于：包括高密度织物层，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有凹槽一和凹槽二，所述凹槽二分别设置在两个相邻凹槽一之间，所述高密度织物层上端和下端分别设有橡胶基层，所述高密度织物层上端橡胶基层的下端设有与凹槽一相适配的凸块一，所述高密度织物层下端橡胶基层的上端设有与凹槽二相适配的凸块二，所述橡胶基层远离高密度织物层的一端设有表面层，所述其中一个表面层远离橡胶基层的一端设有橡胶外层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸音橡胶，其特征在于：所述高密度织物层包括超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维的质量比为2：7：1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸音橡胶，其特征在于，所述橡胶基层由以下重量份的原料组成：苯基硅橡胶50-75份、丁腈橡胶80-100份、空心玻璃微珠10-17份、陶瓷粉碳化硅10-15份、蛭石粉20-34份、氢氧化铝5-8份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种吸音橡胶，其特征在于：所述橡胶外层与橡胶基层成分相同。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸音橡胶，其特征在于：所述表面层包括玻璃纤维、矿渣棉，所述玻璃纤维和矿渣棉的质量比为10:3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸音橡胶，其特征在于：所述高密度织物层、橡胶基层、表面层、橡胶外层的厚度比为1:30:2:18。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种吸音橡胶的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)高密度织物层制备：将高密度织物层的原料混合均匀，送入开松机进行开松，开松之后送入梳理装置进行梳理，接着再通过铺网机制成纵横交错的纤网，然后利用缝编机进行缝编加固，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得体积密度为0.08-0.87g/cm3的高密度织物层，该高密度织物层的平均孔径为5-35μm；
(2)橡胶基层、橡胶表层制备：在开炼机依次加入橡胶基层的原料，混炼混匀后热处理，热处理结束待温度降至室温后，将混炼产物放置24小时后进行返炼，然后用平板硫化机硫化制成橡胶，最后通过热压机压制成型，制得橡胶基层、橡胶表层；
(3)表面层制备：将表面层的原料混合之后进行开松、梳理、铺网加工成纤维网，将制得的纤维网进行加固得到表面层；
(4)热压成型：在高密度织物层的上端和下端分别复合橡胶基层，再在橡胶基层外端上复合表面层，接着在其中一个表面层外端再复合橡胶外层，最后进行热压定型，即得所述吸音橡胶。
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