CN109126764A - 一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:首先将钒酸铋原始颗粒分散在液相媒介中,充分混合后得到均匀的钒酸铋悬浊液;然后将步骤1中所制备的钒酸铋悬浊液置于激光束下辐照,得到单斜相钒酸铋胶体颗粒。本发明采用液相媒介中选择性激光辐照技术制备单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒,该技术方法简单,仅需要调节激光能量和钒酸铋悬浊液的浓度就可以得到尺寸可控的单斜相钒酸铋颗粒,能够获得较难合成的亚微米球、纳米球和小于10nm的纳米颗粒,并且尺寸分布较窄;同时所得到的黑色钒酸铋产物纯净,不需要进一步的处理,能够表现出更好的光吸收性质,在光催化和光电转换领域等具有巨大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化材料制备技术领域,具体为一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体 颗粒的制备方法。
背景技术
钒酸铋是一种廉价、稳定和无毒的黄色染料,由于具有铁电、铁弹性、声 光性和离子传导性等特殊性能受到关注。目前研究的钒酸铋主要有单斜白钨 矿、四角锆石矿和四角白钨矿三种晶型。钒酸铋的晶体结构和组成、粒径大小 和形态都影响其颜色和其他理化性质。1998年Kudo实验室首次报道了钒酸铋 可见光下具有光解水的性能,从而引起人们对其在光催化方向的研究兴趣。研 究表明仅单斜相的钒酸铋具有光催化活性,其禁带宽度约为2.4eV(对应吸收 波长约为520nm),能响应太阳光谱中可见光的大部分,在光催化方面极具应 用潜力。
单斜相钒酸铋的合成方法有固相法、溶液沉淀法、水热法、有机金属分解 法、超声合成法等。但这些合成方法很难可控制备纳米以及更小尺度的钒酸铋。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述技术的不足,提供一种黑色单分散钒酸铋胶 体颗粒的制备方法,主要通过液相媒介中选择性激光辐照技术制备得到,该技 术具有选择性加热特点,制备过程简单,产物的尺寸、形貌可控,得到的钒酸 铋尺寸可控,粒径分布较窄,特别是钒酸铋的颜色为黑色。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将钒酸铋原始颗粒分散在液相媒介中,充分混合后得到均匀的钒 酸铋悬浊液;
步骤2、将步骤1中所制备的钒酸铋悬浊液置于激光束下辐照,边辐射边 搅拌,得到单斜相钒酸铋胶体颗粒。
优选的,步骤1中,液相媒介采用水、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇和乙酸乙酯 中的一种或多种。
优选的,步骤1中,所制备的钒酸铋悬浊液的浓度为0.1~1mg/mL。
优选的,步骤2中,激光采用非聚焦激光,所述非聚焦激光的输出波长 为355nm,脉冲频率为30Hz,输出光斑直径为8mm,激光辐照能量为 50~300mJ/cm2,辐照时间为5~30min。
优选的,步骤2中,搅拌过程采用磁力搅拌或超声搅拌。
优选的,步骤1中,钒酸铋原始颗粒采用固相法、水热法、化学水浴法或 超声合成法中的一种方法合成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明采用液相媒介中选择性激光辐照技术,获得较难合成的亚微米 球、纳米球和小于10nm的纳米颗粒,并且尺寸分布较窄。
2、本发明制备的单斜相钒酸铋颗粒颜色呈现黑色,在钒酸铋制备中鲜有 报导,通过实验验证,黑色的钒酸铋颗粒能吸收更多的可见光,在光催化和光 电转换领域等具有巨大的应用前景。
3、本发明采用的液相媒介中选择性激光辐照技术方法简单,仅需要调节 激光能量和钒酸铋悬浊液的浓度就可以得到尺寸可控的单斜相钒酸铋颗粒,所 得到的黑色钒酸铋产物纯净,不需要进一步的处理。
附图说明
图1是本发明中钒酸铋样品的数码照片;
图1(a)原始钒酸铋,图1(b)实施例1钒酸铋样品、图1(c)实施例 2钒酸铋样品、图1(d)实施例3钒酸铋样品、图1(e)实施例4钒酸铋样 品;
图2是本发明中原始钒酸铋和实施例1~实施例3的钒酸铋样品的X射线 衍射图谱;
图3是本发明中钒酸铋样品的扫描电子显微镜照片;
图3(a)原始钒酸铋,图3(b)实施例1钒酸铋样品、图3(c)实施例 2钒酸铋样品;
图4是本发明中实施例3的钒酸铋样品的透射电子显微镜照片;
图5是本发明中实施例4的钒酸铋样品的透射电子显微镜照片;
图6是本发明中原始钒酸铋和实施例1~实施例4的钒酸铋样品的拉曼图 谱;
图7是本发明中钒酸铋样品的X射线光电子能谱分析谱图;
图8是本发明中原始钒酸铋和实施例1的钒酸铋样品的紫外可见吸收光谱 图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式例对本发明进行详细描述。本发明的范围并不受限 于该具体实施方式。
原始的钒酸铋颗粒购买自alfa aesar公司,XRD和SEM表征分别见图2(a) 和图3。
实施例1
将10mg原始的钒酸铋分散在10ml丙酮中,先用超声搅拌预处理20分钟, 再将样品置于非聚焦激光下辐照。反应过程中采用磁力搅拌使反应充分进行。 激光输出波长为355nm,脉冲频率为30Hz,输出光斑直径为8mm,单脉冲能 量为60mJ/cm2。辐照20分钟得到了灰黑色胶体颗粒,即为单分散钒酸铋胶体 颗粒,标为1#。
实施例2
将5mg原始的钒酸铋分散在10ml丙酮中,先用超声搅拌预处理20分钟, 再将样品置于非聚焦激光下辐照。反应过程中采用磁力搅拌使反应充分进行。 激光输出波长为355nm,脉冲频率为30Hz,输出光斑直径为8mm,单脉冲能 量为160mJ/cm2。辐照20分钟得到了黑色胶体颗粒,即为单分散钒酸铋胶体 颗粒,标为2#。
实施例3
将5mg原始的钒酸铋分散在5ml丙酮中,先用超声搅拌预处理20分钟, 再将样品置于非聚焦激光下辐照。反应过程中采用磁力搅拌使反应充分进行。 激光输出波长为355nm,脉冲频率为30Hz,输出光斑直径为8mm。先用单脉 冲能量为240mJ/cm2。辐照10分钟,再用单脉冲能量为60mJ/cm2辐照10分 钟得到了黑色胶体颗粒,即为单分散钒酸铋胶体颗粒,标为3#。
实施例4
将1mg原始的钒酸铋分散在10ml丙酮中,先用超声搅拌预处理20分钟, 再将样品置于非聚焦激光下辐照。反应过程中采用超声搅拌使反应充分进行。 激光输出波长为355nm,脉冲频率为30Hz,输出光斑直径为8mm,单脉冲能 量为240mJ/cm2。辐照20分钟得到了无色透明的溶液,标为4#。
我们将原始钒酸铋以及实施例1~实施例4得到的钒酸铋样品进行了辐射 前后的数码照片拍摄,图1为原始钒酸铋以及实施例1~实施例4得到的钒酸 铋样品的数码照片,从图1可以看出,原始钒酸铋的胶体溶液为黄色,激光辐 照之后变为黑色。
我们还对原始钒酸铋和实施例1~实施例4的钒酸铋样品分别进行了X射 线衍射测试、扫描电子显微镜测试、透射电子显微镜测试、拉曼测试、X射线 光电子能谱分析测试以及紫外光谱测试,图2为原始钒酸铋和实施例1~实施 例3的钒酸铋样品的X射线衍射图谱,图3为原始钒酸铋和实施例1、实施例 2的钒酸铋样品的扫描电子显微镜照片,图4为实施例3的钒酸铋样品的透射 电子显微镜照片,图5为实施例4的钒酸铋样品的透射电子显微镜照片,图6 为原始钒酸铋和实施例1~实施例4的钒酸铋样品的拉曼图谱,图7为原始钒酸铋和实施例1、实施例2、实施例4的钒酸铋样品的X射线光电子能谱分析 谱图,图8是原始钒酸铋和实施例1的钒酸铋样品的紫外光谱图。
从图2可以看出,实施例1~实施例3得到的胶体为单斜相的钒酸铋;从 图3可以看出,实施例1辐照后的样品为400~500nm的亚微米球,实施例2 辐射后的样品为40~60nm的纳米球;从图4和图5可以看出,实施例3辐照 后的样品为40~60nm的纳米球,实施例4辐照后的样品为小于10nm的纳米 颗粒;从图6可以看出,激光辐照后不同粒径的钒酸铋的拉曼峰没有明显的变 化,说明都还是单斜相的钒酸铋。从图7可以看出,激光辐照后Bi的4f和V的2p能级稍有偏移,O的1s能级中吸附氧的峰逐渐变弱,晶格氧和氧空位的 峰逐渐增强,说明晶格中产生了氧空位缺陷;从图8可以看出,黑色的钒酸铋 颗粒相对于原始黄色的钒酸铋来说,能吸收更多的可见光。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通 技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰, 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将钒酸铋原始颗粒分散在液相媒介中,充分混合后得到均匀的钒酸铋悬浊液;
步骤2、将步骤1中所制备的钒酸铋悬浊液置于激光束下辐射,边辐射边搅拌,得到单斜相钒酸铋胶体颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,液相媒介采用水、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇和乙酸乙酯中的一种或多种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所制备的钒酸铋悬浊液的浓度为0.1~1mg/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,激光采用非聚焦激光,所述非聚焦激光的输出波长为355nm,脉冲频率为30Hz,输出光斑直径为8mm,激光辐照能量为50~300mJ/cm2,辐照时间为5~30min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,搅拌过程采用磁力搅拌或超声搅拌。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种单分散黑色钒酸铋胶体颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,钒酸铋原始颗粒采用固相法、水热法、化学水浴法或超声合成法中的任一种方法合成。
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