CN1091189C - 用苄氯菊酯处理的耐洗织物及将苄氯菊酯加至耐洗织物的方法 - Google Patents

用苄氯菊酯处理的耐洗织物及将苄氯菊酯加至耐洗织物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1091189C
CN1091189C CN96106001A CN96106001A CN1091189C CN 1091189 C CN1091189 C CN 1091189C CN 96106001 A CN96106001 A CN 96106001A CN 96106001 A CN96106001 A CN 96106001A CN 1091189 C CN1091189 C CN 1091189C
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R·D·萨姆森
J·M·麦金尼
G·格特利菲
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Abstract

本发明涉及用苄氯菊酯处理的耐洗织物及将苄氯菊酯加至耐洗织物的方法。所述织物在制成所需的耐洗成品之前经过每升溶液含至少14.98克的聚醋酸乙烯酯的溶液浴，然后是苄氯菊酯浴以在每平方米织物上分散的苄氯菊酯的初始浓度至少为1.25克，以在经过连续洗涤循环后在所需的耐洗成品中保留有效杀虫量的苄氯菊酯。

Description

用苄氯菊酯处理的耐洗织物 及将苄氯菊酯加至耐洗织物的方法
本发明涉及织物的精整，特别是涉及到通过织物制成成品的连续洗涤仍具有杀虫特性的织物的精整。
苄氯菊酯是一种合成的拟除虫菊酯，它呈现出对昆虫众所周知的排斥力和杀伤力。拟除虫菊酯包括自然存在的化合物和它们的合成制备类似物，有效地抑制了各种害虫，如扁虱，蟑螂，家蝇，蚊子和其它飞或爬的昆虫。拟除虫菊酯对植物，食物，动物或人类是无害的，并且留有无害的剩余物。
尽管有这些很好的性能，但苄氯菊酯因为它相对不耐久的杀虫效力，所以仅有有限的普通效用。这是由于在氧和紫外光的存在下，苄氯菊酯分解成一种无活性的，不杀虫的产品。
1993年3月30日公布的美国专利号5,198,287是Samson等人关于驱虫篷帐织物的专利，它讲授了具有防水剂和阻燃涂层的篷帐织物，包括具有六个月以上有效使用期的杀虫苄氯菊酯。放苄氯菊酯在篷帐内表面的涂层中是该项专利中所制篷帐的苄氯菊酯耐久性方面的一个主要因素。
1993年10月12日公布的美国专利号5,252,387是Samson关于具有一个驱虫剂和一种阻挡层的织物的专利，讲授了在驱虫织物中，通过在苄氯菊酯上放置阻挡层来保护苄氯菊酯使其不因紫外光和氧的作用而受到破坏。
在耐洗成品中作为一种驱虫剂来使用苄氯菊酯的另一个问题是在连续的洗涤循环后在耐洗成品中保留苄氯菊酯。
1992年2月19日公布的美国专利号5,089,298是McNally关于复合在织物上的枝链淀粉苄氯菊酯的增效效应的专利，提供了一种在连续洗涤循环后在成品中保留苄氯菊酯的解决办法。McNally讲授了通过实质上比用苄氯菊酯处理外衣所用的周期多很多的浆洗周期后在浸入了苄氯菊酯和枝链淀粉，即一种溶水性淀粉，的外衣中保留苄氯菊酯。
在上述专利公布之后，人们继续研究在驱蚊和其它昆虫方面苄氯菊酯的有效作用。通过在越南战争中美国军队由于疟疾遭受了超过50,000人的伤亡事故(Navy MedicalGuide，1984)证明了继续研究的重要性。
到现在，专利申请人的研究已经显示出，另一种增效剂，聚酯酸乙烯酯，通过连续洗涤循环在织物中保留苄氯菊酯的效果比枝链淀粉要大。在专利申请人的试验中所用的织物是准备在各种成品，包括外衣中使用的耐洗织物。
McNally用枝链淀粉和苄氯菊酯浸透整个外衣-不是制成成品的织物。专利申请人在它的生产过程中，用聚醋酸乙烯酯和苄氯菊酯处理织物，这比用苄氯菊酯和一种增效剂处理各个成品更价廉，效率更高。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种在耐洗成品的生产中准备使用的一种织物，含有苄氯菊酯和聚醋酸乙烯酯的这种织物，在它制成成品并且通过连续洗涤循环之后，在织物中仍保留有作为有效杀虫剂的苄氯菊酯。
本发明的另一个方面是提供一个把苄氯菊酯加入到将被制成耐洗成品的织物中去的方法，所说的方法包括步骤为：
(a)把织物经过盛有聚醋酸乙烯酯的槽；
(b)把织物经过盛有苄氯菊酯的槽。
本发明还有一个方面是提供一种把苄氯菊酯加入到将被制成成品的织物中的方法，所说方法包括把织物经过盛有苄氯菊酯和聚醋酸乙烯酯的槽的步骤。
图1显示了按照本发明处理过的织物连续洗涤之后，苄氯菊酯保留的数量。
本发明中所用的织物或衬底，可以是适合于衣服或其它耐洗成品生产的任何理想型材料。例如，织物可以是一种平纹聚酯织物或一种聚酯和棉的50/50的混合料，织成一种牛津布织物。
织物用通常的方法处理过，然后经过浸染池，浸染池中盛有一种每升14.98克至74.9克(每加仑有2盎司至10盎司)聚醋酸乙烯酯的溶液。然后织物通过一个压辊，用通常的方法处理。
下面用聚醋酸乙烯酯处理，织物经过另一个浸染池，通过压辊。在最后的浸染池中，苄氯菊酯加到织物中。进行试验测出在最后的浸染池中使用苄氯菊酯溶液的量。
美国环境保护局的记录，允许0.008％苄氯菊酯挥发，这就提供了在每平方米所选织物中苄氯菊酯大约1.25克的初始浓度，并且发现聚醋酸乙烯酯作为增效剂的效用，是在耐洗织物中延长苄氯菊酯的保留。
根据所处理的织物类型加入恰当数量的苄氯菊酯。不同织物吸入或吸收不同数量的苄氯菊酯浸染池混合物。通过连续试验确定出在最后的浸染池中恰当的苄氯菊酯的数量必须是在每平方米所选织物中大约1.25克的初始浓度。已发现的该初始浓度的溶液是一种有效的杀虫剂。
                         表1
   栏10                   栏11                      栏12行     0克/升               14.98克/升                29.96克/升
(0盎司/加仑)           (2盎司/加仑)              (4盎司/加仑)1     1.070                  1.237                     1.2832     .838                   1.361                     1.3333     .480                   .849                      .6524     44.900                 68.600                    50.8005     .282                   .334                      .4316     0                      .088                      .027
                            表1(续)
    栏13                     栏14                      栏15行   44.94克/升               59.92克/升                74.90克/升
(6盎司/加仑)             (8盎司/加仑)              (10盎司/加仑)1     1.364                     1.506                     1.4092     1.197                     1.497                     1.2113     .959                      1.015                     .9454     70.300                    67.400                    67.1005     .569                      .560                      .5056     .148                      .201                      .265
参见上表1的栏11和12中行1和2，一次洗涤之后在织物中保留苄氯菊酯的数量所标明的增加因下面的一些或全部因素而为一个取样误差：
1.对织物中含苄氯菊酯量的分析是通过破坏性的方法。因此在浆洗前后，所做试验不是同一个取样。
2.由于聚酯/棉混合料中纤维混合的差异，纱线尺寸的差异和织物精整吸液的差异，以及在印花伪装的情况下，用于生产印花图案的染料/颜料的不同，使得每码织物的织物成份可能有较大的不同。这些因素将导致所试验的一码织物的苄氯菊酯吸取的不同。被取样来分析的织物中高低波动值的两个极端是少有的。
表1阐述了，在栏10中，在几次洗涤循环之后，没有复合聚醋酸乙烯酯或其它增效剂的每平方米织物的1.070克苄氯菊酯的初始浓度和保留量。
在表1上部的行中栏11-15显示了从栏11中14.98克/升(每加仑两盎司)到栏15中74.90克/升(每加仑十盎司)所排列的不同数量的聚醋酸乙烯酯作为增效剂的使用效果。
行1显示了与不同试验量的聚醋酸乙烯酯复合的每平方米织物中苄氯菊酯的初始克数，如栏10和栏11-15中所标明的。
行2是在织物受到一次60.0℃(140°F)的家庭洗涤之后，根据与苄氯菊酯复合的聚醋酸乙烯酯的量，显示了每平方米织物中保留的苄氯菊酯的克数。如在栏10和在栏11-15中所标明的。
行3是在织物受到五次60.0℃(140°F)的家庭洗涤之后，根据与苄氯菊酯复合的聚醋酸乙烯酯的量，显示了每平方米织物中保留的苄氯菊酯的克数。如在栏10和在栏11-15中所标明的。
行4显示了在60.0℃(140°F)的五次家庭洗涤之后，在织物中保留的苄氯菊酯初始浓度的百分数。
行5是在织物受到十次60.0℃(140°F)的家庭洗涤之后，根据与苄氯菊酯复合的聚醋酸乙烯酯的量，显示了每平方米织物中保留的苄氯菊酯的克数。如在栏10和栏11-15中所标明的。
行6是在织物受到二十次60.0℃(140°F)的家庭洗涤之后，根据与苄氯菊酯复合的聚醋酸乙烯酯的量，显示了每平方米织物中保留的苄氯菊酯的克数。如在栏10和栏11-15中所标明的。
表1中的数据在图1中图示出来了。
在洗涤织物前后，由气相色谱分析(GCA)确定在织物中苄氯菊酯的含量，即在现有技术McNally专利中描述过同样的试验。甚至在48.9℃(120°F)的五十次洗涤循环之后，但不多于此，McNally的枝链淀粉(淀粉)的使用的确增加了苄氯菊酯的保留。申请人没有做与McNally一样的扩大试验，但是申请人在60.0℃(140°F)的五次洗涤循环之后，与McNally在48.9℃(120°F)的五次洗涤循环之后苄氯菊酯的保留物作了比较。显示出在耐洗织物中，用于苄氯菊酯的保留，聚醋酸乙烯酯是比枝链淀粉更有效的增效剂。
如图1中的图所示，当对没有聚醋酸乙烯酯的织物使用苄氯菊酯时，在60.0℃(140°F)的五次家庭洗涤之后，只有44.9％的苄氯菊酯保留在织物中。随着使用不同数量的作为增效剂的聚醋酸乙烯酯，在60.0℃(140°F)的五次家庭洗涤之后，在织物中保留的苄氯菊酯平均为65％。使用每加仑六盎司聚醋酸乙烯酯作为增效剂，在五次洗涤循环之后，获得的苄氯菊酯超过70％。
这是显而易见的，即通过遂次洗涤，在织物中，用于苄氯菊酯的保留，聚醋酸乙烯酯是比枝链淀粉更有效的增效剂。
然而，进一步做试验发现了其它增效剂和使用增效剂的其它方法。例如，在织物的外表面，借助稠化的水分散体使用苄氯菊酯，确保在服装织物的外表面上的位置。这使皮肤接触苄氯菊酯减到最小而昆虫接触苄氯菊酯增到最大。
能制成成品的含有苄氯菊酯的织物是把织物经过盛有苄氯菊酯和聚醋酸乙烯酯的槽而形成的。
虽然在本发明的描述中，使用了专门术语，但仅是为描述而使用的，并不局限于此。

Claims (5)

1.一种用苄氯菊酯处理的耐洗织物，其特征在于该织物在制成所需的耐洗成品之前经过每升溶液含至少14.98克的聚醋酸乙烯酯的溶液浴，然后是苄氯菊酯浴以在每平方米织物上分散的苄氯菊酯的初始浓度至少为1.25克，以在经过连续洗涤循环后在所需的耐洗成品中保留有效杀虫量的苄氯菊酯。
2.权利要求1的耐洗织物，其中所述织物选自平纹聚酯织物和织成牛津布织物的50/50共混的聚酯/棉织物。
3.上述任一项权利要求的耐洗织物，其中在最后的浴中通过在每平方米织物上分散至少1.25克苄氯菊酯，用苄氯菊酯对所述织物进行初步处理。
4.将苄氯菊酯加至耐洗织物的方法，其特征在于在所述织物制成成品之前将其经以下步骤处理。
(a)织物经过每升溶液含有至少14.98克的聚醋酸乙烯酯的溶液浴，然后
(b)织物经过含有苄氯菊酯的浴以在平方米织物上产生至少1.25克苄氯菊酯。
5.将苄氯菊酯加至耐洗织物的方法，其特征在于在所述织物制成成品之前将其经过含有有效沉积每平方米织物至少1.25克苄氯菊酯的苄氯菊酯和每升溶液含有至少14.98克的聚醋酸乙烯酯的槽。
CN96106001A 1995-03-10 1996-03-08 用苄氯菊酯处理的耐洗织物及将苄氯菊酯加至耐洗织物的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1091189C (zh)

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