CN109109392B - 形状记忆立体织物复合材料 - Google Patents

形状记忆立体织物复合材料 Download PDF

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CN109109392B
CN109109392B CN201810651643.0A CN201810651643A CN109109392B CN 109109392 B CN109109392 B CN 109109392B CN 201810651643 A CN201810651643 A CN 201810651643A CN 109109392 B CN109109392 B CN 109109392B
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shape memory
dimensional fabric
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芮祥鹏
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Taipei Smart Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其为表面具有形状记忆高分子层的一立体织物,其中,该立体织物是由2层外部层及夹于该2层外部层之间的中间层所构成,该形状记忆高分子层覆盖于该2层的外部层及该中间层的表面上;该形状记忆高分子层是由选自聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚醇所成群的至少一种无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物所构成;该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物具有至少一相变化温度在40‑80℃的范围内。

Description

形状记忆立体织物复合材料
技术领域
本发明是关于一种形状记忆立体织物复合材料,特别是关于一种固定装置或支持装置用的形状记忆立体织物复合材料。
背景技术
立体织物或网布(3-D fabric或spacer fabric),具有结构强韧富弹性且因多孔而质轻的特点,在各个层面的应用,正持续被开发中,例如服饰、鞋材、交通运输、建筑、农用及医疗等创新应用。对立体织物进行特殊的功能性附加,可使立体织物具有智能特性,例如国际公开专利WO2006/079602记载的结合热塑性材料与立体织物作为骨折固定装置、美国专利第6482167号记载的骨科铸造技术等,因为立体织物具有透气性佳及质轻的特性,再加上热塑性材料的机械强度及可塑性,非常适合取代传统石膏作为骨折的固定夹板或支持板。
形状记忆高分子(聚合物)材料,属于智能材料的一种,具有因例如热、光、电场、磁场等的外界刺激可从一变形的暂态(暂时形状)回到其永久状态(初始形状)的能力的材料,已被广泛应用于例如电子电路元件、热感应元件、生物医学领域等,例如专利文献(美国专利第6740094号记载的形状记忆致动器及导管、美国专利第5910357号记载的分离膜、美国公开专利公告第2016/0044971号记载的形状记忆胸罩、中国台湾专利TWI556757记载的鞋楦系统)等的记载。
形状可塑及记忆的原理,通常是材料具有2个Tg及1-2个Tm点,衍生出2个到3个高原区,在高温高原区受力变形,使温度骤降至低温高原区,分子来不及松弛即被冻结,此时变形的形状的回复需等到温度再度回到高温高原区时才有回复的驱动力。然而,虽可达成塑形,是否从变形形状回复到初始形状,视材料变形后分子的松弛程度,若是变形后在高温经历较久的松弛,在未加外力下“记忆回复”到初始形状的程度不会太多,所以如果有3个高原区,在高温高原区与低温高原区之间插入一中间温度高原区(记忆回复区),热塑后,无需理会松弛时间长短,只要温度在记忆回复区之间,便可塑形,之后冷却至低温高原区,在该温度范围内使用。若使用发生变形,只要再升温至记忆回复区,可回复当初的塑形。
形状记忆高分子材料应用于立体织物时,与使用热塑性材料的情况比较,除热可塑形外,由于形状记忆性及具有2个至3个记忆形状,可赋予立体织物更多样性的功能。
传统使用石膏固定骨折部位,或者如美国专利第7867180号记载的使用热塑性聚烯烃所构成的包扎条带作为骨折部位的固定或支持装置,但是石膏或包扎条带,有使用上不方便及透气性不足的问题,再者骨折部位使用石膏或包扎条带固定的期间,不易暂时拆除,无法利用外部装置对该部位提供辅助骨折部位复原的机制,石膏或包扎条带也没有促进骨细胞生长的机构,只是单纯的固定或支持装置。由于促进骨细胞生长的研究,有效的方式皆需要定期(例如每天)提供例如电场、磁场、超音波、冲击波等的刺激,然而实用上骨折部位被赋予固定或支持装置后,不易进行如此的治疗。
发明内容
鉴于上述的发明背景,为了符合产业上的要求,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种形状记忆立体织物复合材料,藉由形状记忆高分子与立体织物的结合,赋予立体织物形状记忆的效果,藉由调整形状记忆高分子的玻璃转化温度Tg及熔点Tm、分子交联度或结晶度,可得到不同机械强度及不同的分子松弛时间(亦即热塑形操作时间)的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,可具有质轻、透气性佳、对欲固定部位的追随性佳、操作性佳等的优点。
再者,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种固定装置,藉由使用形状记忆立体织物复合材料,取代传统使用的石膏等或石膏无法使用的情况,固定或支持使用者的特定部位,提供质轻、透气性佳、对欲固定部位的追随性佳、操作性佳的固定或支持装置,且对该部位可提供例如电场、磁场、超音波、冲击波等的刺激,促进骨细胞生长,辅助使用者的骨折部位复原。
为了达到上述目的,根据本发明一实施方式,提供一种形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其为表面具有形状记忆高分子层的一立体织物,其中,该立体织物是由2层外部层及夹于该2层外部层之间的中间层所构成,该形状记忆高分子层覆盖于该2层的外部层及该中间层的表面上;该形状记忆高分子层是由选自聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚醇所成群的至少一种无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物所构成;该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物具有至少一相变化温度在40-80℃的范围内。
再者,根据本发明另一实施方式,提供一种固定装置,其是用以固定一使用者的特定部位,其是使用如上述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料于该使用者的特定部位。
再者,根据本发明另一实施方式,提供一种支持装置,其是用以支持一使用者的特定部位,其是使用如上述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料于该使用者的特定部位。
本发明提供了一种形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其为表面具有形状记忆高分子层的一立体织物,其中,该立体织物是由2层外部层及夹于该2层外部层之间的中间层所构成,该形状记忆高分子层覆盖于该2层的外部层及该中间层的表面上;该形状记忆高分子层是由选自聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚醇所成群的至少一种无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物所构成;该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物具有至少一相变化温度在40-80℃的范围内;该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物在该至少一相变化温度中最小的相变化温度以下具有108Pa以上的杨氏模数,且该复合材料的根据ASTM D790的抗弯折强度为50kgf/cm2以上。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物具有2个相变化温度,分别为第1相变化温度及第2相变化温度,第1相变化温度在0-37℃的范围内及第2相变化温度在46-80℃的范围内,在该第2相变化温度以下具有106Pa以上的杨氏模数,在第2相变化温度与第1相变化温度之间的温度范围具有106Pa-108Pa的杨氏模数,在该第1相变化温度以下具有106Pa以上的杨氏模数。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物为聚酯共聚物。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该形状记忆高分子层是由聚酯无规共聚物所构成,该聚酯是由乙二醇、癸二酸、己二胺及均苯三酸聚合所构成。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该形状记忆高分子层是由聚氨酯无规共聚物所构成,该聚氨酯无规共聚物是由2种或2种以上的互溶或微互溶的聚氨酯混合而成。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,在该2层外部层的一者或两者的该形状记忆高分子层的表面,更具有一线路图形层,该线路图形层是由导电材料所构成的导线图形且该导线图形具有多个元件连接用接点及导线。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该线路图形层更具有位于该外部层的外缘的多个导电端点,电磁刺激冲击波经由该线路图形层的该多个导电端点及该多个元件连接用接点,供给该形状记忆立体织物复合材料的使用者。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该线路图形层更具有位于该外部层的外缘的多个导电端点,该元件连接用接点与超音波导入元件连接时,超音波经由该线路图形层的该多个导电端点及该多个元件连接用接点,供给该形状记忆立体织物复合材料的使用者。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该超音波导入元件为超音波探头。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该线路图形层更具有位于该外部层的外缘的多个导电端点,该元件连接用接点与电极垫连接时,脉冲波经由该线路图形层的该多个导电端点及该多个元件连接用接点,供给该形状记忆立体织物复合材料的使用者。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,其具有100cfm以上的透气率。
如本发明所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,优选地,该形状记忆高分子层由至少一种聚氨酯共聚物与至少一种无机填充剂所构成。
本发明还提供了一种装置,其是用以固定或支持一使用者的特定部位,其是使用所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料于该使用者的特定部位。
如本发明所述的装置,是用以固定一使用者的特定部位,其中,使用所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料时,由一外部装置提供电磁刺激冲击波、超音波或脉冲波,经由该线路图形层,经皮导入该使用者的特定部位,以辅助细胞生长。
根据本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,可提供不同机械强度及不同的分子松弛时间(亦即热塑形操作时间)的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,可具有质轻、透气性佳、追随性佳、操作性佳等的优点,依据复合材料的特性,可应用于例如服饰、鞋材、交通运输、建筑、农用及医疗等的各种领域。再者,根据本发明的固定装置或支持装置,可提供质轻、透气性佳、对欲固定部位的追随性佳、操作性佳的固定装置或支持装置,且对该部位可提供例如电场、磁场、超音波、冲击波等的刺激,促进骨细胞生长,辅助使用者的特定部位复原。支持装置的具体应用,例如支持脊椎的背架。
附图说明
图1是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的剖面图。
图2是表示图1所示的关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的上视图。
图3是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的导电图形的示意图。
图4是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的一变形态的示意图。
图5是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的另一变形态的示意图。
图6是表示关于本发明的固定装置应用于骨折部位的示意图。
图7是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料应用于固定装置时的杨氏模数与温度的关系示意图。
主要附图标号说明:
1:形状记忆立体织物复合材料;
10a,10b:外部层;
15:导电图形(线路图形层);
15a:元件连接用接点;
15b:导线;
20:中间层;
30:立体织物;
40:形状记忆高分子层;
50:网孔;
60:线圈;
70:超音波探头。
具体实施方式
有关本发明的前述及其他技术内容、特点与功效,在以下配合参考图式的一较佳实施例的详细说明中,将可清楚的呈现。以下实施例中所提到的方向用语,例如:上、下、左、右、前或后等,仅是参考附加图式的方向。因此,使用的方向用语是用来说明并非用来限制本发明。此外,“A层(或元件)设置于B层(或元件)上”的用语,并不限定为A层直接贴覆接触B层表面的态样,例如A层与B层中间尚间隔其他积层亦为该用语所涵盖范围。图示中,相同的元件以相同的符号表示。
以下,藉由较佳实施方式,具体地说明本发明,但本发明不限于该等实施方式,在不脱离本发明的要旨的范围内,可进行各种变形或变更。
图1是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的剖面图,其中,图1中(a)表示2层外部层10a、10b及中间层20所构成的立体织物30,(b)表示形状记忆高分子层40覆盖于外部层10a、10b及中间层20的表面上所构成的形状记忆立体织物复合材料1。图2中的(a)表示图1中的(a)所示的立体织物30的上视图,及图2中(b)表示图1中(b)所示的形状记忆立体织物复合材料1的上视图。
立体织物30,为由2层外部层10a、10b及中间层20所构成,2层外部层10a、10b具有例如菱形的网孔,中间层为单丝(mono yarn),结构像三明治般堆叠,也称为三明治立体网布,主要是由高分子合成纤维组成,可由精密经编机机台编织而成,2层外部层10a、10b间有密网支撑,使得表面的网状结构不会产生太大的变形,增强了布料的机械性质及色彩牢固度。由于立体网布的特殊结构,使其具备以下等特点:(1)相较于一般平面布料,立体网孔结构具备良好的透气性及支撑性;(2)良好的避震、弹性回复力及延伸性,受到外力会顺着力的方向延伸,移除外力又能回复原来形状,不会松弛变形;(3)由高分子纤维组成,具备良好的牢固性、耐磨且色牢度及耐洗度高。网孔形状多样性,材料轻,易清洗;(4)可结合其他复合材料,增加多功能性及应用性。立体网布能够广泛地应用于服饰、鞋材、床垫、帽材、透气鞋垫、运动防护材、医疗复合材等。立体织物30,亦可由市售品取得。
形状记忆高分子层40,可首先调制形状记忆高分子组成物后,藉由涂布或含浸法,在2层外部层10a、10b及中间层20的表面形成涂膜后进行干燥而得。形状记忆高分子组成物包含形状记忆高分子(聚合物或共聚物)及溶剂,藉由调整固体成分浓度,调整黏度,再涂布于立体织物30或使立体织物30含浸于组成物溶液中,使干燥后的形状记忆立体织物复合材料1的重量成为作为基布或基材的立体织物30的重量的1-5倍,较理想为3-5倍。形状记忆高分子层40,可由选自聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚醇所成群的至少一种无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物所构成,该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物具有一相变化温度在40-80℃的范围内。需注意的是如图2所示,形状记忆高分子层40形成于立体织物30的表面后,仍存在有网孔50,具有立体网孔结构。此外,网孔50的缩小率,亦即(形状记忆高分子层形成前的网孔50的平均直径-形成后的网孔50的平均直径)/形成前的网孔50的平均直径的比值(形成前的网孔的直径大于形成后的网孔的直径),较理想为80%以下,更理想为50%以下,更加理想为40%以下。具体地,本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,根据ASTM D737的透气率为100cfm(ft3/min)以上,较理想为300cfm以上,更理想为500cfm以上。
于一实施例,该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物在该相变化温度以下具有108Pa以上的杨氏模数。再者,根据ASTM D790的三点弯曲的抗弯折试验,使用宽约14mm、厚度约7.5mm的测试片,测试速度3.2mm/min,支撑点及压子半径为9mm,支撑点距离为85mm,变形量5%内无断裂点产生,所得的数值为抗弯折强度,本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的抗弯折强度为50kgf/cm2以上。该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物,较理想为聚酯共聚物。形状记忆高分子层40是由聚酯无规共聚物所构成,例如该聚酯可由乙二醇、癸二酸、己二胺及均苯三酸聚合所构成。再者,构成形状记忆高分子层40的聚酯,例如可根据中国台湾专利第I443124号、第I297699号记载的方法合成。于另一实施例,该形状记忆高分子层是由聚氨酯共聚物所构成,该聚氨酯可为多种的聚氨酯的混合物或聚氨酯与无机填充剂的混合物。该多种的聚氨酯,互为可溶或微溶。再者,例如该形状记忆高分子层可由至少一种聚氨酯共聚物与至少一种无机填充剂所构成。该无机填充剂,例如为滑石、粘土、二氧化硅纳米粉末等。该至少一种无机填充剂的添加比例,对该共聚物100重量%而言,例如为1-50重量%,较理想为5-20重量%,更理想为8-15重量%。
再者,于另一实施例,该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物具有2个相变化温度,分别为第1相变化温度及第2相变化温度,第1相变化温度在0-37℃的范围内及第2相变化温度在46-80℃的范围内,在该第2相变化温度以下具有106Pa以上的杨氏模数,在第2相变化温度与第1相变化温度之间的温度范围具有106Pa-108Pa的杨氏模数,在该第1相变化温度以下具有108Pa以上的杨氏模数。于另一实施例,该形状记忆高分子层是由聚氨酯(polyurethane)无规共聚物所构成,该聚氨酯无规共聚物是由2种或2种以上的互溶或微互溶的聚氨酯混合而成。
于一实施例,在该2层外部层的一者(10a或10b)或两者(10a及10b)的该形状记忆高分子层40的表面,更具有线路图形层15,线路图形层15是由导电材料所构成的导线图形且该导线图形具有多个元件连接用接点15a以及导线15b。图3是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的导电图形15的示意图,其中图3中(a)及图3中(b)分别表示不同的导电图形,具有多个元件连接用接点15a以及导线15b,依据需要,在指定或需要的位置,设置元件连接用接点15a以及导线15b,亦可只设置导线15b。图4是表示如图3的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的一变形态的示意图,图4中(a)表示弯折为筒状时导电图形朝外面的情况,图4中(b)表示接点连接元件时的情况,如图4所示,线圈60连接于2个接点15a之间,藉由导线15b,可再与供给磁场的外部装置电连接后,在特定的位置提供磁场或脉冲电磁场(PEMF)。图4所示的导电图形形成于外面的态样,于其他实施例,亦可为形成于内面的态样。所谓内面与外面,是指形状记忆立体织物复合材料弯曲成空心筒状时的内侧与外侧,在应用于骨折固定装置时内侧为骨折部位侧。换言之,导电图形可设置于2层外部层的一者(10a或10b)或两者(10a及10b)的该形状记忆高分子层40的表面。形成的方法,例如为喷墨法、印刷法或热转印法,较理想为热转印法。再者,图4所示的线圈60的设置仅为示意表示,线圈的数目及位置可依据实际需要调整。此外,亦可使用电极垫、或超音波探头等取代线圈60,提供脉冲波或超音波。
图5是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料的另一变形态的示意图,其中超音波探头70连接于元件连接用接点15a,导电图形15位于内侧,亦即骨折部位侧。
图6是表示关于本发明的固定装置应用于骨折部位的示意图。图6虽显示应用于手,但是本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料不限于图6的例,可应用于任意部位。
图7是表示关于本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料应用于骨折固定装置时的杨氏模数与温度的关系示意图。如上述,使用本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料时,由一外部装置提供电磁刺激冲击波、超音波或脉冲波,经由该线路图形层,经皮导入该使用者的骨折部位,以辅助细胞生长。
再者,本发明的固定装置不限于应用于人体,也不限于骨折部位,亦可使用于任意的生物体的需要的部位。此外,本发明更提供一种支持装置,与上述固定装置同样地可使用于任意的生物体的需要的部位,藉由其机械特性,作为支持的用途,例如应用于背架,支持脊椎。再者,本发明的固定装置亦可应用于需要实施电场、磁场、超音波、冲击波等的刺激的部位。
综上所述,根据本发明的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,可提供不同机械强度及不同的分子松弛时间(亦即热塑形操作时间)的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,可具有质轻、透气性佳、追随性佳、操作性佳等的优点,依据复合材料的特性,可应用于例如服饰、鞋材、交通运输、建筑、农用及医疗等的各种领域。再者,根据本发明的骨折固定装置,可提供质轻、透气性佳、对欲固定部位的追随性佳、操作性佳的骨折固定装置,且对该部位可提供例如电场、磁场、超音波、冲击波等的刺激,促进骨细胞生长,帮助使用者的骨折部位复原。
以上虽以特定实施例说明本发明,但并不因此限定本发明的范围,只要不脱离本发明的要旨,熟悉本技艺者了解在不脱离本发明的意图及范围下可进行各种变形或变更。另外本发明的任一实施例或申请专利范围不须达成本发明所揭露的全部目的或优点或特点。此外,摘要部分和标题仅是用来辅助专利文件搜寻之用,并非用来限制本发明的权利范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其为表面具有形状记忆高分子层的一立体织物,其中,该立体织物是由2层外部层及夹于该2层外部层之间的中间层所构成,该形状记忆高分子层覆盖于该2层的外部层及该中间层的表面上;该形状记忆高分子层是由选自聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚醇所成群的至少一种无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物所构成;该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物具有至少一相变化温度在40-80℃的范围内;该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物在该至少一相变化温度中最小的相变化温度以下具有108Pa以上的杨氏模数,且该复合材料的根据ASTM D790的抗弯折强度为50kgf/cm2以上,其中,在该2层外部层的一者或两者的该形状记忆高分子层的表面,更具有一线路图形层,该线路图形层是由导电材料所构成的导线图形且该导线图形具有多个元件连接用接点及导线。
2.如权利要求1所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物具有2个相变化温度,分别为第1相变化温度及第2相变化温度,第1相变化温度在0-37℃的范围内及第2相变化温度在46-80℃的范围内,在该第2相变化温度以下具有106Pa以上的杨氏模数,在第2相变化温度与第1相变化温度之间的温度范围具有106Pa-108Pa的杨氏模数,在该第1相变化温度以下具有106Pa以上的杨氏模数。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物为聚酯共聚物。
4.如权利要求1所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该形状记忆高分子层是由聚酯无规共聚物所构成,该聚酯是由乙二醇、癸二酸、己二胺及均苯三酸聚合所构成。
5.如权利要求2所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该形状记忆高分子层是由聚氨酯无规共聚物所构成,该聚氨酯无规共聚物是由2种或2种以上的互溶或微互溶的聚氨酯混合而成。
6.如权利要求1所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该线路图形层更具有位于该外部层的外缘的多个导电端点,电磁刺激冲击波经由该线路图形层的该多个导电端点及该多个元件连接用接点,供给该形状记忆立体织物复合材料的使用者。
7.如权利要求1所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该线路图形层更具有位于该外部层的外缘的多个导电端点,该元件连接用接点与超音波导入元件连接时,超音波经由该线路图形层的该多个导电端点及该多个元件连接用接点,供给该形状记忆立体织物复合材料的使用者。
8.如权利要求7所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该超音波导入元件为超音波探头。
9.如权利要求1所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该线路图形层更具有位于该外部层的外缘的多个导电端点,该元件连接用接点与电极垫连接时,脉冲波经由该线路图形层的该多个导电端点及该多个元件连接用接点,供给该形状记忆立体织物复合材料的使用者。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料,其中,该形状记忆高分子层由至少一种聚氨酯共聚物与至少一种无机填充剂所构成。
11.一种用以固定或支持一使用者的特定部位的装置,其是使用权利要求1至10中任一项所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料于该使用者的特定部位。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置,是用以固定一使用者的特定部位,其中,使用权利要求6至9中任一项所述的形状记忆立体织物复合材料时,由一外部装置提供电磁刺激冲击波、超音波或脉冲波,经由该线路图形层,经皮导入该使用者的特定部位,以辅助细胞生长。
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