CN109096904A - 一种持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其主要包含如下组分:改性聚氨酯树脂、颜填料、助剂、溶剂,其中所述改性聚氨酯树脂由改性环糊精包合物、多元醇、异氰酸酯制备得到,所述改性环糊精包合物是由改性环糊精包合抗菌剂得到。该聚氨酯涂料抗菌性能优异、持久,应用领域广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯涂料及其制备技术领域,具体涉及一种持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
1937年,德国化学家Otto Bayer利用异氰酸酯和羟基化合物通过加成聚合反应合成了线形、支化或交联型聚合物,标志着聚氨酯的开发成功。我国的聚氨酯工业起始于20世纪50 年代末,目前中国聚氨酯工业已具有相当的规模。聚氨酯是由异氰酸酯作为固化剂,与含有活性羟基的化合物反应得到,含有活性羟基的化合物大多为醇类化合物,通过不同种类的原料选择和反应条件的控制,可以制备出各种性能和结构的产品。聚氨酯除去主链上含有许多氨基甲酸酯基团外,还可以含有醚、酯、脲、缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯等基团,因此大分子间很容易生成氢键,使得聚氨酯具有非常优异的力学性能。聚氨酯的力学性能具有很大的可调性,通过控制结晶的硬段和不结晶的软段之间的比例,聚氨酯可以获得不同的力学性能,因此其制品具有耐磨、耐高温、加工性能好等有点。由于聚氨酯具有上述诸多优点,其应用范围也非常广,在轻工业中大量用于制造涂料、塑料、橡胶、纤维、泡沫材料和粘合剂等。
然而,随着人们生活水平的不断提高、聚氨酯材料的应用越来越广泛,对于聚氨酯性能多样化的要求也越来越高。上述聚氨酯树脂的应用领域,无论是涂料、塑料、橡胶、纤维、泡沫材料、还是粘合剂,都与人体接触频率非常高的,对于聚氨酯材料的抗菌性能提出了一定的要求。现有的方法通常是将聚氨酯作为原料,在应用于制造涂料、塑料、橡胶、纤维、泡沫材料和粘合剂等产品时,添加外加的抗菌剂,进而实现最终产品的抗菌性。然而这种抗菌性能非常不稳定,很容易受到外部环境的影响而导致抗菌性能的下降,并且由于抗菌剂的快速流失,产品的抗菌性能也大打折扣。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点和不足,本发明提供了一种持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法。该聚氨酯涂料抗菌性能优异、持久,应用领域广。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的方案是:提供一种持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其主要包含如下组分:改性聚氨酯树脂、颜填料、助剂、第一溶剂,其中所述改性聚氨酯树脂由改性环糊精包合物、多元醇、异氰酸酯制备得到,所述改性环糊精包合物是由改性环糊精包合抗菌剂得到。
优选地,所述的环糊精为β-环糊精。
优选地,所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇,其数均分子量为1000-5000。
进一步优选地,所述多元醇的数均分子量为1500-1800。
优选地,所述的异氰酸酯为脂肪族异氰酸酯,具体包括己二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮异氰酸酯、三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环己基二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述改性环糊精包合物由如下方法制备得到:
(1)称取配方量环糊精,将其溶于热碱性溶液中,配制成环糊精溶液备用;
(2)称取配方量的抗菌剂,将其溶解在100倍质量份的乙醇中,低速搅拌得到抗菌剂的乙醇溶液;
(3)将抗菌剂的乙醇溶液缓慢滴加到环糊精溶液中,于60-70℃水浴加热4-6小时,并搅拌均匀,旋蒸后,除去溶剂,烘干既得所述改性环糊精包合物。
优选地,所述改性聚氨酯树脂由如下方法制备得到:
(1)将异氰酸酯溶解于第二溶剂中,在氮气保护下,缓慢向其中加入改性环糊精包合物,于50-60℃下加热搅拌,得到聚氨酯预聚体;其中异氰酸酯中的-NCO基团和改性环糊精包合物中的-OH的摩尔比为1:3-5;
(2)在聚氨酯预聚体中,添加多元醇和足量的异氰酸酯,在80-90℃下加热搅拌,至反应完全,既得所述改性聚氨酯树脂。
优选地,所述第二溶剂为混合溶剂。
进一步优选地,所述第二溶剂的溶解度参数大于8。
优选地,改性聚氨酯树脂中,改性环糊精包合物中的环糊精:多元醇:异氰酸酯的摩尔比为 1-2:2-4:6-8。
本发明还提供了上述持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备改性环糊精包合物:称取配方量环糊精,将其溶于热碱性溶液中,配制成环糊精溶液备用;称取配方量的抗菌剂,将其溶解在100倍质量份的乙醇中,低速搅拌得到抗菌剂的乙醇溶液;将抗菌剂的乙醇溶液缓慢滴加到环糊精溶液中,于60-70℃水浴加热4-6小时,并搅拌均匀,旋蒸后,除去溶剂,烘干既得所述改性环糊精包合物‘
(2)制备改性聚氨酯树脂:将异氰酸酯溶解于第二溶剂中,在氮气保护下,缓慢向其中加入步骤(1)所得改性环糊精包合物,于50-60℃下加热搅拌,得到聚氨酯预聚体;其中异氰酸酯中的-NCO基团和改性环糊精包合物中的-OH的摩尔比为1:3-5;在聚氨酯预聚体中,添加多元醇和足量的异氰酸酯,在80-90℃下加热搅拌,至反应完全,既得所述改性聚氨酯树脂;
(3)将步骤(2)所得改性聚氨酯树脂与颜填料、助剂按照配方量溶于第一溶剂中,得到持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料。
相对于现有技术而言,本发明的有益效果是:
1、在改性聚氨酯的制备过程中,改性环糊精包合物中的环糊精包合了抗菌剂,对其起到了保护作用,防止抗菌剂在制备过程中失活或流失,使抗菌剂在使用过程中可以通过缓慢释放来实现持久的抗菌效果。
2、在制备改性聚氨酯时,当混合溶剂的溶解度参数小于8时,会导致抗菌剂从环糊精包合物中加速释放,导致改性环糊精包合物中有效抗菌剂含量偏低;而本发明采用了溶解度参数大于8的混合溶剂,这样可以抑制抗菌剂从环糊精包合物中释放出来,进而确保了环糊精包合物具有较高的抗菌剂含量,由于改性环糊精包合物中抗菌剂释放非常缓慢,可以实现持久抗菌效果。
3、环糊精可以与异氰酸酯单独反应制备得到聚氨酯,但本发明在制备过程中,预先制备了预聚体,其中异氰酸酯和改性环糊精包合物的摩尔比为1:3-5,异氰酸酯的用量较少,不能完全反应,而随后添加了多元醇和足量的异氰酸酯,确保环糊精链段和多元醇链段的交替存在,进而调控改性环糊精包合物中抗菌剂的释放效率,在确保抗菌剂的杀菌效果基础上,尽量延长其抗菌时间。
4、合适的多元醇数均分子量的选择,使其在确保抗菌剂的杀菌效果基础上,得到了最持久的抗菌时间。
具体实施方式
为更好的理解本发明,下面的实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
(1)制备改性环糊精包合物
称取0.02molβ-环糊精,将其溶于100ml浓度为0.5mol/L的热氢氧化钠溶液中,配制成环糊精溶液备用;称取1.5g的抗菌剂,将其溶解在100倍质量份的乙醇中,低速搅拌得到抗菌剂的乙醇溶液;将抗菌剂的乙醇溶液缓慢滴加到环糊精溶液中,于60-70℃水浴加热4-6小时,并搅拌均匀,旋蒸后,除去溶剂,烘干既得所述改性环糊精包合物。
(2)制备改性聚氨酯树脂:
将异氰酸酯溶解于溶剂(溶解度参数为8的混合溶剂)中,在氮气保护下,缓慢向其中加入步骤(1)所得改性环糊精包合物,加入的异氰酸酯的-NCO基团和改性环糊精包合物中的-OH的摩尔比为1:3,于50-60℃下加热搅拌,得到聚氨酯预聚体;在聚氨酯预聚体中,按照环糊精:多元醇:异氰酸酯摩尔比为1:2:6添加数均分子量为1500的多元醇和余量的异氰酸酯,在80-90℃下加热搅拌,至反应完全,既得所述改性聚氨酯树脂;
(3)将步骤(2)所得改性聚氨酯树脂与颜填料、助剂按照质量85:8:7溶于溶解度参数为8溶剂中,得到持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料。
将所得涂料涂敷于聚丙烯片材,再将所得片材放置于恒温恒湿箱中,参照国标QB/T2591-2003分别测试放置天数为1天、7天、30天时,片材的抗菌性能,其抗菌率计算方法如下:
R=(B-C)/B*100
其中,R为抗菌率(%);B为空白对照样品平均回收菌数(cfu/片);C为抗菌涂料样品平均回收菌数(cfu/片)。
实施例2
多元醇的数均分子量为1000,其他配方同实施例1。
实施例3
多元醇的数均分子量为1800,其他配方同实施例1。
实施例4
多元醇的数均分子量为2000,其他配方同实施例1。
实施例5
多元醇的数均分子量为3000,其他配方同实施例1。
实施例6
多元醇的数均分子量为5000,其他配方同实施例1。
表1.放置天数为1天时,实施例1-5的抗菌率
抗菌率(%) | 金黄色葡萄球菌 | 大肠埃希氏菌 |
实施例1 | 98.8 | 98.5 |
实施例2 | 96.5 | 96.5 |
实施例3 | 99.4 | 99.0 |
实施例4 | 98.0 | 97.6 |
实施例5 | 96.7 | 96.2 |
实施例6 | 95.4 | 95.3 |
从上表可以看出,多元醇数均分子量在1000-5000之间,均有较为优异的抗菌性能,尤其是数均分子量在1500-1800之间时,抗菌性能相对于其他几组实施例更为优异。这可能是因为当多元醇的数均分子量较低时,环糊精的羟基与异氰酸酯的反应更多,环糊精链段之间的存在相互阻碍的作用,导致抗菌剂的释放效率有所降低。而当多元醇的数均分子量较高时,等量的改性聚氨酯涂料中,改性环糊精包合物的所占的比例有所降低,其整体包合的抗菌量也相应的降低,呈现出来的抗菌性能也相应的降低。
实施例7
步骤(2)中混合溶剂的溶解度参数为10,其他配方同实施例1。
实施例8
步骤(2)中混合溶剂的溶解度参数为6,其他配方同实施例1。
实施例9
步骤(2)中混合溶剂的溶解度参数为4,其他配方同实施例1。
实施例10
步骤(2)中混合溶剂的溶解度参数为2,其他配方同实施例1。
表2.放置天数为1天时,实施例1、6-9的抗菌率
抗菌率(%) | 金黄色葡萄球菌 | 大肠埃希氏菌 |
实施例1 | 98.8 | 98.5 |
实施例7 | 99.0 | 98.9 |
实施例8 | 97.2 | 97.0 |
实施例9 | 96.3 | 96.1 |
实施例10 | 95.6 | 95.3 |
上述检测结果可以看出,在制备改性聚氨酯的过程中,溶解异氰酸酯所采用的混合溶剂的溶解度参数对抗菌性能也有一定的影响。当混合溶剂的溶解度参数大于8时,抗菌性能较好;当混合溶剂的溶解度参数小于8时,抗菌性能减弱。这可能是因为,在制备改性聚氨酯时,当混合溶剂的溶解度参数小于8时,抗菌剂从环糊精包合物中加速释放,导致改性环糊精包合物中有效抗菌剂含量偏低;而当采用了溶解度参数大于8的混合溶剂,可以抑制抗菌剂从环糊精包合物中释放出来,进而确保了环糊精包合物具有较高的抗菌剂含量,由于改性环糊精包合物中抗菌剂释放非常缓慢,可以实现持久抗菌效果。
表3.实施例1、2、6、7、10对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率随时间的变化
上述检测结果可以看出,由于改性环糊精包合物具有缓释性能,其能够持续缓慢的释放抗菌剂,保证在较长时间内维持良好的抗菌性能。尤其是实施例1和7,由于选择了合适数均分子量的多元醇和溶解度参数的混合溶剂,二者在30天的抗菌性能与1天的抗菌性能差别不大,显示出长时间持续高效的抗菌性能。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变动,这些改进和变动也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于,其主要包含如下组分:改性聚氨酯树脂、颜填料、助剂、第一溶剂,其中所述改性聚氨酯树脂由改性环糊精包合物、多元醇、异氰酸酯制备得到,所述改性环糊精包合物是由改性环糊精包合抗菌剂得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于:所述的环糊精为β-环糊精。
3.根据权利要求1所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于:所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇,其数均分子量为1000-5000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于:所述多元醇的数均分子量为1500-1800。
5.根据权利要求1所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于:所述的异氰酸酯为脂肪族异氰酸酯,具体包括己二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮异氰酸酯、三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环己基二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于:所述改性环糊精包合物由如下方法制备得到:
(1)称取配方量环糊精,将其溶于热碱性溶液中,配制成环糊精溶液备用;
(2)称取配方量的抗菌剂,将其溶解在100倍质量份的乙醇中,低速搅拌得到抗菌剂的乙醇溶液;
(3)将抗菌剂的乙醇溶液缓慢滴加到环糊精溶液中,于60-70℃水浴加热4-6小时,并搅拌均匀,旋蒸后,除去溶剂,烘干既得所述改性环糊精包合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于:所述改性聚氨酯树脂由如下方法制备得到:
(1)将异氰酸酯溶解于第二溶剂中,在氮气保护下,缓慢向其中加入改性环糊精包合物,于50-60℃下加热搅拌,得到聚氨酯预聚体,其中异氰酸酯中的-NCO基团和改性环糊精包合物中的-OH的摩尔比为1:3-5;
(2)在聚氨酯预聚体中,添加多元醇和足量的异氰酸酯,在80-90℃下加热搅拌,至反应完全,既得所述改性聚氨酯树脂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于:所述第二溶剂为混合溶剂,溶解度参数大于8。
9.根据权利要求1所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于:改性聚氨酯树脂中环糊精:多元醇:异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1-2:2-4:6-8。
10.权利要求1~9所述的持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备改性环糊精包合物:称取配方量环糊精,将其溶于热碱性溶液中,配制成环糊精溶液备用;称取配方量的抗菌剂,将其溶解在100倍质量份的乙醇中,低速搅拌得到抗菌剂的乙醇溶液;将抗菌剂的乙醇溶液缓慢滴加到环糊精溶液中,于60-70℃水浴加热4-6小时,并搅拌均匀,旋蒸后,除去溶剂,烘干既得所述改性环糊精包合物;
(2)制备改性聚氨酯树脂:将异氰酸酯溶解于第二溶剂中,在氮气保护下,缓慢向其中加入步骤(1)所得改性环糊精包合物,其中异氰酸酯中的-NCO基团和改性环糊精包合物中的-OH的摩尔比为1:3-5,于50-60℃下加热搅拌,得到聚氨酯预聚体;在聚氨酯预聚体中,添加多元醇和足量的异氰酸酯,在80-90℃下加热搅拌,至反应完全,既得所述改性聚氨酯树脂;
(3)制备持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料:将步骤(2)所得改性聚氨酯树脂与颜填料、助剂按照配方量溶于第一溶剂中,得到持久抗菌型聚氨酯涂料。
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