CN109082879B - 具有舒适性的阻燃布料及其加工工艺 - Google Patents

具有舒适性的阻燃布料及其加工工艺 Download PDF

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CN109082879B
CN109082879B CN201810729633.4A CN201810729633A CN109082879B CN 109082879 B CN109082879 B CN 109082879B CN 201810729633 A CN201810729633 A CN 201810729633A CN 109082879 B CN109082879 B CN 109082879B
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李华
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Hengji Textile Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及纺织品技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有舒适性的阻燃布料及其加工工艺。该具有舒适性的阻燃布料的原料组成质量百分比为:阻燃棉纤维40‑60%、阻燃聚酯纤维15‑30%以及阻燃腈纶纤维10‑45%。该阻燃布料具有阻燃、手感柔软较舒适等特点,且所开发的三种改性阻燃纤维有助于进一步提升布料的阻燃性能和舒适手感。

Description

具有舒适性的阻燃布料及其加工工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有舒适性的阻燃布料及其加工工艺。
背景技术
在我国,纺织品是引起火灾发生或者火势蔓延扩大的主要原因,故开发具有防火阻燃性能的纺织品面料对于火灾防范与营救具有重要意义。但是目前所开发的阻燃型纺织品面料大多用于特种作业,其主要是通过在布料中添加阻燃剂的方式实现阻燃效果,然而阻燃剂的添加会影响纺织品面料的手感,使得此类特种作业用的阻燃纺织品面料不仅造价昂贵、而且缺乏舒适性,很难用于人们的日常服饰穿戴,不具有普适性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有舒适性的阻燃布料及其加工工艺,以解决现有阻燃布料无法同时满足阻燃功能和舒适穿戴性等问题。
第一个方面,本发明提供一种具有舒适性的阻燃布料,所述阻燃布料的原料组成质量百分比为:
Figure 149365DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
其中,所述阻燃棉纤维的质量百分比为40-60%,包括该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述阻燃棉纤维的质量百分比为40%、45%、50%、55%或60%;所述阻燃聚酯纤维的质量百分比为15-30%,包括该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述阻燃聚酯纤维的质量百分比为15%、20%、25%或30%;所述阻燃腈纶纤维的质量百分比为10-45%,包括该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述阻燃腈纶棉纤维的质量百分比为10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%或45%。
进一步地,所述阻燃棉纤维的制备方法是:
用氢氧化钾和尿素的混合溶液浸泡棉纤维,取出后烘干;
将烘干后的所述棉纤维浸渍在氧化锌胶体中,然后进行凝胶老化和超临界干燥,得到负载有纳米氧化锌的所述阻燃棉纤维。
进一步地,以质量百分数计,所述阻燃棉纤维中纳米氧化锌的负载量为10-18%。
其中,所述阻燃棉纤维中纳米氧化锌的负载量为10-18%包括该负载量范围内的任一点值,例如所述阻燃棉纤维中纳米氧化锌的负载量为10%、11%、12%、14%、15%或18%。
进一步地,所述阻燃聚酯纤维的制备方法是:将普通的聚酯纤维浸渍于含阻燃剂液体中,浸泡后取出、烘干;其中,所述含阻燃剂液体是将纳米滑石粉均匀分散于季铵盐、乙醇与水的混合液中,且各组分的质量百分比为:纳米滑石粉22-30%、季铵盐15-30%、乙醇10-20%以及水20-50%。
其中,所述纳米滑石粉的质量百分数为22-30%包括了该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述纳米滑石粉的质量百分数为22%、24%、25%、28%或30%;所述季铵盐的质量百分数为15-30%包括了该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述季铵盐的质量百分数为15%、20%、25%或30%;所述乙醇的质量百分数为10-20%包括了该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述乙醇的质量百分数为10%、12%、15%、18%或20%;水的质量百分数为20-50%包括了该数值范围内的任一点值,例如水的质量百分数为20%、25%、30%、40%或50%。
可选地,所述季铵盐为氨基有机硅季铵盐。
进一步地,所述阻燃腈纶纤维的制备方法是:
以无水DMF作为溶剂,在冰浴条件下,向表面含羟基的纳米二氧化硅中滴加丙烯酰氯,离心纯化,得到中间产物;
以丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基磺酸钠、所述中间产物为单体,以AIBN为引发剂,以硫氰酸钠的水溶液为溶剂,反应得到改性聚丙烯腈,对所述改性聚丙烯腈进行湿法纺丝,得到所述阻燃腈纶纤维。
其中,所述湿法纺丝为本领域常用工艺技术,在此不再赘述。
在本发明中,制备所述改性聚丙烯腈的反应式如下:
Figure 454444DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 788474DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
其中,
Figure 541314DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
表示
Figure 593584DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
。通过在共聚环节引入改性二氧化硅材料,可以使二氧化硅与聚丙烯腈有效结合,达到良好的阻燃效果。
进一步地,在所述阻燃腈纶纤维的制备方法中,所述单体按照丙烯腈:丙烯酸甲酯:烯丙基基磺酸钠:所述中间产物的质量比为90-94:2-5:0.5-2:3-6的配比投料反应,投料还包括浅色剂和调节剂,各投料的质量百分比为:
Figure 436775DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
进一步地,所述溶剂是浓度为50-55%的硫氰酸钠水溶液,所述浅色剂为二氧化硫脲,所述调节剂为异丙醇。
第二个方面,本发明提供一种上述具有舒适性的阻燃布料的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
纺纬纱:将所述阻燃棉纤维与所述阻燃聚酯纤维按照质量比为1:1-2:1疏解、混同,纺织成32-40s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为纬纱;
纺经纱:将所述阻燃棉纤维与所述阻燃腈纶纤维按照质量比为0.5:1-2:1疏解、混同,纺织成32-40s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为经纱;
织造:将所述纬纱和所述经纱交织成基布;
后整理:对所述基布进行后整理,所述后整理液为十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、硬脂酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和水的混合液;
定型:对后整理过的所述基布进行定型,得到所述阻燃布料。
进一步地,以质量百分数计,所述后整理液中各组分的含量为:
Figure 890890DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
余量为水。
进一步地,所述经纱的断裂强度大于24 cN/tex;所述纬纱的断裂强度大于15 cN/tex。
其中,所述纬纱的断裂强度大于24 cN/tex包括该强度范围内的任一点值,例如所述纬纱的断裂强度为24.5 cN/tex、25 cN/tex、27 cN/tex或29 cN/tex;所述经纱的断裂强度大于15 cN/tex包括该强度范围内的任一点值,例如所述经纱的断裂强度为15.5 cN/tex、16.4 cN/tex、17.2 cN/tex或20 cN/tex。
进一步地,在所述定型的步骤中,定型温度为50-100℃,时间为5-15 min。
进一步地,所述阻燃棉纤维的制备方法是:
用氢氧化钾和尿素的混合溶液浸泡棉纤维,取出后烘干;
将烘干后的所述棉纤维浸渍在氧化锌胶体中,然后进行凝胶老化和超临界干燥,得到负载有纳米氧化锌的所述阻燃棉纤维。
进一步地,以质量百分数计,所述阻燃棉纤维中纳米氧化锌的负载量为10-18%。
其中,所述阻燃棉纤维中纳米氧化锌的负载量为10-18%包括该负载量范围内的任一点值,例如所述阻燃棉纤维中纳米氧化锌的负载量为10%、11%、12%、14%、15%或18%。
进一步地,所述阻燃聚酯纤维的制备方法是:将普通的聚酯纤维浸渍于含阻燃剂液体中,浸泡后取出、烘干;其中,所述含阻燃剂液体是将纳米滑石粉均匀分散于季铵盐、乙醇与水的混合液中,且各组分的质量百分比为:纳米滑石粉22-30%、季铵盐15-30%、乙醇10-20%以及水20-50%。
其中,所述纳米滑石粉的质量百分数为22-30%包括了该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述纳米滑石粉的质量百分数为22%、24%、25%、28%或30%;所述季铵盐的质量百分数为15-30%包括了该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述季铵盐的质量百分数为15%、20%、25%或30%;所述乙醇的质量百分数为10-20%包括了该数值范围内的任一点值,例如所述乙醇的质量百分数为10%、12%、15%、18%或20%;水的质量百分数为20-50%包括了该数值范围内的任一点值,例如水的质量百分数为20%、25%、30%、40%或50%。
可选地,所述季铵盐为氨基有机硅季铵盐。
进一步地,所述阻燃腈纶纤维的制备方法是:
以无水DMF作为溶剂,在冰浴条件下,向表面含羟基的纳米二氧化硅中滴加丙烯酰氯,离心纯化,得到中间产物;
以丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基磺酸钠、所述中间产物为单体,以AIBN为引发剂,以硫氰酸钠的水溶液为溶剂,单体按照丙烯腈:丙烯酸甲酯:烯丙基基磺酸钠:所述中间产物的质量比为90-94:2-5:0.5-2:3-6的配比投料反应,得到改性聚丙烯腈,对所述改性聚丙烯腈进行湿法纺丝,得到所述阻燃腈纶纤维。
其中,所述湿法纺丝为本领域常用工艺技术,在此不再赘述。
在本发明中,制备所述改性聚丙烯腈的反应式如下:
Figure 794124DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Figure 333690DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
其中,
Figure 980572DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
表示
Figure 289193DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
。通过在共聚环节引入改性二氧化硅材料,可以使二氧化硅与聚丙烯腈有效结合,达到良好的阻燃效果。
进一步地,在所述阻燃腈纶纤维的制备方法中,投料还包括浅色剂和调节剂,各投料的质量百分数为:
Figure 363328DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
进一步地,所述溶剂是浓度为50-55%的硫氰酸钠水溶液,所述浅色剂为二氧化硫脲,所述调节剂为异丙醇。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
首先,本发明布料具有阻燃、手感柔软较舒适的特点。本发明布料所选用的原料均具有阻燃性能,其中棉纤维所占比例较多,使得布料手感较为舒适,同时加入的聚酯纤维和腈纶纤维能够在一定程度提升布料的弹性,也助于优化布料的柔软手感,使得织出的布料具有更柔软、更舒适的特点。不仅如此,本发明还对该布料的加工工艺进行优化,以使阻燃改性对布料加工特性的影响降到最低。
其次,为进一步优化阻燃性能与舒适手感,本发明提供一种改性的阻燃棉纤维。该棉纤维首先利用碱性溶液进行溶胀操作,使棉纤维获得良好的手感,以免后续负载的阻燃剂对棉纤维手感的影响较大;然后采用超临界干燥得到纳米粒径的氧化锌微粒作为无机阻燃物,其粒径小、分散性好,负载在棉纤维上时,具有分布均匀的特点,不仅能起到良好的阻燃效果、而且还能降低阻燃剂用量,由此减轻其对棉纤维性能的影响。
再次,为提高布料手感舒适度的同时、优化其阻燃性能,本发明对聚酯纤维也做了一定改性,将纳米滑石粉负载在聚酯纤维上,以提高聚酯纤维的阻燃性。该复合材料主要是利用纳米滑石粉能够在燃烧过程中在高聚物表面形成炭覆盖层,由此降低材料的释热效率以及可燃性。
最后,为优化腈纶的阻燃性能,本发明将纳米二氧化硅与丙烯腈进行共聚,得到纳米二氧化硅-腈纶复合材料,由于纳米二氧化硅的加入使得腈纶纤维不易燃烧,从而可起到提高腈纶阻燃性能的效果。更重要的是,由于纳米二氧化硅与丙烯腈通过共聚结合,因此能够有效提高阻燃布料的耐水洗性,避免阻燃布料经多次水洗后阻燃性能大幅降低的问题。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,本发明实施例的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
制备例一 阻燃棉纤维
用质量分数为9%的氢氧化钾和质量分数为9%的尿素作为混合溶液,浸泡普通的棉纤维6小时,取出、用水洗至中性,烘干;
将烘干后的棉纤维浸渍在氧化锌胶体中,然后进行凝胶老化和超临界干燥,得到负载有纳米氧化锌的阻燃棉纤维,且以质量百分数计,纳米氧化锌的负载量为14%。其中,凝胶老化的时间为2-10小时,超临近干燥的条件是50-60℃、20 MPa。
制备例二 阻燃聚酯纤维
配制含阻燃剂液体:取纳米滑石粉均匀分散于氨基有机硅季铵盐、乙醇与水的混合液中。其中,按照质量百分比计,滑石粉为25%、季铵盐为25%、乙醇为10%、水为40%。
将普通的聚酯纤维浸渍于上述含阻燃剂液体中,浸泡后取出、烘干,得到纳米滑石粉与聚酯复合材料,为阻燃聚酯纤维。
制备例三 阻燃腈纶纤维
以无水DMF作为溶剂,在冰浴条件下,向表面含羟基的纳米二氧化硅中滴加丙烯酰氯,离心纯化,得到中间产物;
以丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基磺酸钠、中间产物为单体(单体中物料的质量比为92:3.5:0.5:4),以AIBN为引发剂,以硫氰酸钠的水溶液为溶剂,以二氧化硫脲为浅色剂、以异丙醇为调节剂,以浓度为55%的硫氰酸钠水溶液为溶剂,反应得到改性聚丙烯腈,对改性聚丙烯腈进行湿法纺丝,得到阻燃腈纶纤维。
其中,各投料的质量百分比为:
Figure 124611DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
实施例一
本实施例提供一种具有舒适性的阻燃布料,其加工工艺包括以下步骤:
纺纬纱:将阻燃棉纤维与阻燃聚酯纤维按照质量比为1:1疏解、混同,纺织成32s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为纬纱;
纺经纱:将阻燃棉纤维与阻燃腈纶纤维按照质量比为1:1疏解、混同,纺织成32s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为经纱;
织造:将纬纱和经纱交织成基布;
后整理:对基布进行后整理,后整理液为质量分数30%的十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、15%的硬脂酸钠、5%的磷酸二氢钠、5%十二烷基苯磺酸钠、其余为水的混合液;
定型:对后整理过的基布进行定型,温度为80℃、时间为10 min,得到阻燃布料,命名为L1,该阻燃布料中经纱的断裂强度为27 cN/tex;纬纱的断裂强度为18 cN/tex。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种具有舒适性的阻燃布料,其加工工艺包括以下步骤:
纺纬纱:将阻燃棉纤维与阻燃聚酯纤维按照质量比为1.5:1疏解、混同,纺织成32s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为纬纱;
纺经纱:将阻燃棉纤维与阻燃腈纶纤维按照质量比为1.5:1疏解、混同,纺织成32s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为经纱;
织造:将纬纱和经纱交织成基布;
后整理:对基布进行后整理,后整理液为25%的十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、20%的硬脂酸钠、7%的磷酸二氢钠、8%十二烷基苯磺酸钠、其余为水的混合液;
定型:对后整理过的基布进行定型,温度为80℃、时间为10 min,得到阻燃布料,命名为L2,该阻燃布料中经纱的断裂强度为24 cN/tex;纬纱的断裂强度为15 cN/tex。
实施例三
本实施例提供一种具有舒适性的阻燃布料,其加工工艺包括以下步骤:
纺纬纱:将阻燃棉纤维与阻燃聚酯纤维按照质量比为1:1疏解、混同,纺织成32s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为纬纱;
纺经纱:将阻燃棉纤维与阻燃腈纶纤维按照质量比为0.5:1疏解、混同,纺织成32s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为经纱;
织造:将纬纱和经纱交织成基布;
后整理:对基布进行后整理,后整理液为25%的十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、20%的硬脂酸钠、7%的磷酸二氢钠、8%十二烷基苯磺酸钠、其余为水的混合液;
定型:对后整理过的基布进行定型,温度为80℃、时间为10 min,得到阻燃布料,命名为L3,该阻燃布料中经纱的断裂强度为29 cN/tex;纬纱的断裂强度为20 cN/tex。
对比例一
本对比例与实施例一的区别仅在于:本实施例中未使用阻燃棉纤维,命名为D1。
对比例二
本对比例与实施例一的区别仅在于:本实施例中未使用阻燃聚酯纤维,命名为D2。
对比例三
本对比例与实施例一的区别仅在于:本实施例中未使用阻燃腈纶纤维,命名为D3。
对比例四
本对比例与实施例一的区别仅在于:本实施例中未进行后整理的步骤,命名为D4。
对比例五
本对比例与实施例一的区别仅在于:本实施例中后整理液为:十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、5%的磷酸二氢钠,余量为水。本对比例命名为D5。
性能测试
将本发明的实施例一至实施例三、以及对比例一至五相比,采用“GB/T 5455 纺织品燃烧性能实验:垂直法”和“GB/T 5454纺织品燃烧性能试验:氧指数法”测试各项性能参数结果如下表1所示。
Figure 840763DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
通过上表可知,实施例一至实施例三的氧指数明显高于对比例一至三,由此可知,只有当同时使用阻燃棉纤维、阻燃聚酯纤维、阻燃腈纶纤维时,才能达到更理想的阻燃效果。此外,经过多次洗涤后,氧指数的变化也并不大,证明本发明的阻燃布料具有良好的耐水洗性,经多次洗涤后依然保证良好的阻燃性。
此外,本测试例还对实施例一、对比例一至五的手感进行测试评价,具体是在95℃洗涤50次后,以1-5的等级评价手感,其中1表示差的/粗糙的手感,5表示舒适且柔软的手感。经测试:实施例一的阻燃布料手感程度为4级,属于较舒适且柔软的手感,更适于穿着;对比例一至三的手感为3,属于较一般的手感;对比例四的手感为1,属于最差的手感;对比例五的手感为2,属于较差的手感。通过对比例四和对比例五可知,后整理步骤对于本发明阻燃布料的柔软性具有一定影响,不采用后整理步骤时阻燃布料的手感明显变差;此外,后整理步骤中整理液的配方也很重要,对比例五采取的整理液配方并不能很好地软化阻燃布料的质地,使其更柔软、更舒适。
以上对本发明实施例公开的一种具有舒适性的阻燃布料及其加工工艺进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (6)

1.一种阻燃布料的加工工艺,其特征在于,
所述阻燃布料的原料组成质量百分比为:
阻燃棉纤维 40-60%;
阻燃聚酯纤维 15-30%;
阻燃腈纶纤维 10-45%;
其中,所述阻燃棉纤维的制备方法是:
用氢氧化钾和尿素的混合溶液浸泡棉纤维,取出后烘干;
将烘干后的所述棉纤维浸渍在氧化锌胶体中,然后进行凝胶老化和超临界干燥,得到负载有纳米氧化锌的所述阻燃棉纤维;
所述阻燃聚酯纤维的制备方法是:将普通的聚酯纤维浸渍于含阻燃剂液体中,浸泡后取出、烘干;其中,所述含阻燃剂液体是将纳米滑石粉均匀分散于季铵盐、乙醇与水的混合液中,且各组分的质量百分比为:纳米滑石粉22-30%、季铵盐15-30%、乙醇10-20%以及水20-50%;
所述阻燃腈纶纤维的制备方法是:
以无水DMF作为溶剂,在冰浴条件下,向表面含羟基的纳米二氧化硅中滴加丙烯酰氯,离心纯化,得到中间产物;
以丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基磺酸钠、所述中间产物为单体,以AIBN为引发剂,以硫氰酸钠的水溶液为溶剂,反应得到改性聚丙烯腈,对所述改性聚丙烯腈进行湿法纺丝,得到所述阻燃腈纶纤维;
所述阻燃布料的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
纺纬纱:将所述阻燃棉纤维与所述阻燃聚酯纤维按照质量比为1:1-2:1疏解、混同,纺织成32-40s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为纬纱;
纺经纱:将所述阻燃棉纤维与所述阻燃腈纶纤维按照质量比为0.5:1-2:1疏解、混同,纺织成32-40s的单股纱,再捻制成三股纱线作为经纱;
织造:将所述纬纱和所述经纱交织成基布;
后整理:对所述基布进行后整理,所述后整理液为十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、硬脂酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和水的混合液;
定型:对后整理过的所述基布进行定型,得到所述阻燃布料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,所述阻燃棉纤维中纳米氧化锌的负载量为10-18%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于,在所述阻燃腈纶纤维的制备方法中,所述单体按照丙烯腈:丙烯酸甲酯:烯丙基基磺酸钠:所述中间产物的质量比为90-94:2-5:0.5-2:3-6的配比投料反应,投料还包括浅色剂和调节剂,各投料的质量百分比为:
单体,15-20%;引发剂,0.5-1%;溶剂,75-85%;浅色剂,0.5-1%;调节剂,1-3%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,所述后整理液中各组分的含量为:
十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵,20-30%,硬脂酸钠,14-20%,磷酸二氢钠,5-10%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,3-8%,余量为水。
5.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于,所述经纱的断裂强度大于24cN/tex;所述纬纱的断裂强度大于15cN/tex。
6.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于,在所述定型的步骤中,定型温度为50-100℃,时间为5-15min。
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