CN109072316A - 共结晶蔗糖 - Google Patents
共结晶蔗糖 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109072316A CN109072316A CN201780028208.6A CN201780028208A CN109072316A CN 109072316 A CN109072316 A CN 109072316A CN 201780028208 A CN201780028208 A CN 201780028208A CN 109072316 A CN109072316 A CN 109072316A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- sucrose
- composition
- pharmaceutical composition
- calcium salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 title claims description 99
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 title claims description 99
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 sucrose calcium salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019533 nutritive sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-N D-glucaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001354 calcium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium lactate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001527 calcium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002401 calcium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011086 calcium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940092124 calcium citrate malate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium diphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OLOZVPHKXALCRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium malate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O OLOZVPHKXALCRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001362 calcium malate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940016114 calcium malate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011038 calcium malates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043256 calcium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GUPPESBEIQALOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium tartrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O GUPPESBEIQALOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001427 calcium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011035 calcium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- MPCMQXRREZMSPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-hydroxybutanedioate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O MPCMQXRREZMSPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019821 dicalcium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 21
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 5
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Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的营养组合物或药物组合物,并且涉及蔗糖·钙盐共晶体用于营养组合物的钙强化的用途。本发明还涉及一种用于制备蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的营养组合物或药物组合物,并且涉及蔗糖·钙盐共晶体用于营养组合物的钙强化的用途。本发明还涉及用于制备蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的方法。
背景技术
钙,人体内最丰富的矿物质,对于骨骼健康和牙齿发育必不可少,并且在预防发生骨质疏松中起作用。此外,钙在细胞生理学中是必需的,尤其是其作为第二信使的作用,即涉及多种细胞过程诸如增殖、分化、迁移和细胞凋亡的细胞内信号传导矿物质。钙离子流入和流出细胞质作为各种细胞过程的信号起作用。
由于身体不产生矿物质,因此它取决于钙的外部供应。钙的外部供应可例如通过强化的营养产品来提供。强化是必需微量营养素(即,维生素和矿物质(例如钙))含量的增加。然而,在这方面,选择适当形式的钙(这补充了矿物质的所需水平,而不影响产品的风味、溶解度、生物利用率、可加工性和感官特性)具有挑战性。
例如,向奶中添加钙具有很大困难。直接向奶中添加钙盐可能导致乳蛋白质的钙配合物沉淀。由于感觉到的砂砾感和苦味,许多潜在的钙强化剂(例如硫酸钙和磷酸钙)在它们可以被施用的水平上受到限制。此外,通常用于强化目的的各种钙盐(例如,柠檬酸苹果酸钙、磷酸三钙或乳酸钙)的特征在于流动性差,使得它们的处理和剂量不切实际。许多钙盐从其环境中吸收水分,导致结块,这可阻止定量给料系统并导致整个生产批次损失。
因此,存在对矿物质钙的固体定量给料形式的需求,该矿物质钙具有良好的溶解度,可流动并且例如在粉末状制剂中不吸收水分和导致结块。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供营养组合物或药物组合物中的钙强化的有效方法。
不能将本说明书中对现有技术文献中的任何参考视为承认此类现有技术为众所周知的技术或构成本领域普遍常识的一部分。如本说明书中所用,词语“包括”、“包含”和类似词语不应理解为具有排他性或穷举性的含义。换句话讲,这些词语旨在意指“包括但不限于”。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提高现有技术水平并提供克服至少一些上述不便的组合物,或至少提供有用的替代方案。本发明的目的通过独立权利要求的主题实现。从属权利要求进一步拓展本发明的构想。
因此,本发明在第一方面提供包含蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的营养组合物或药物组合物。本发明的第二方面涉及蔗糖·钙盐共晶体用于营养组合物的钙强化的用途。在第三方面,本发明涉及用于制备蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的方法,包括以下步骤:在70℃-90℃的温度下制备包含钙盐和蔗糖的溶液,将溶液冷却至20℃-35℃,添加蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的晶种,使晶体形成,以及分离所得的晶体。
出乎意料地发现,营养组合物或药物组合物的钙强化是通过使用其与蔗糖的共结晶形式的钙盐来实现的,从而提供用于补充矿化的新型结晶的、可流动和稳定的定量给料形式。
据报道,果糖·卤化钙共晶体非常吸湿(Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi,Journal ofInorganic Biochemistry 27,123-131(1986)(Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi,《无机生物化学杂志》,第27卷,第123-131页,1986年)),因此本发明人惊讶地发现蔗糖·钙盐共晶体可用于制剂,例如粉末状制剂,而没有吸湿问题。蔗糖·钙盐共晶体先前已在文献(F.T.Joneset al.,Microscopy&Crystal Front 13(12),346-50,(1963)(F.T.Jones等人,《显微镜和晶体前沿》,第13卷第12期,第346-350页,1963年))中有所描述,但它们的吸湿特性尚未经过检验,也没有提出它们在营养组合物或药物组合物中的用途。
附图说明
图1示出了通过蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的X射线衍射的单晶结构说明。
图2示出了a)顶部:纯CaCl2·2H2O,b)中间:纯蔗糖和c)底部:蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的粉末X射线衍射图。x轴为2θ(以度为单位),并且y轴为强度(计数)。
图3示出了通过蔗糖·CaBr2·4H2O的X射线衍射的单晶结构说明。
图4示出了通过浆液在丙酮中成熟的a)顶部:纯CaBr2·2H2O,b)中间:纯蔗糖和c)底部:蔗糖·CaBr2·4H2O的粉末X射线衍射图。x轴为2θ(以度为单位),并且y轴为强度(计数)。
图5示出了添加不同含钙物质的麦芽糖糊精粉末中的水吸收:单独的粉末基质(◆)、具有CaCl2·2H2O的粉末基质(●)、具有共结晶蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的粉末基质(▲)以及具有等同干混物CaCl2·2H2O+蔗糖的粉末基质(■)。
图6示出了添加不同含钙物质的脱脂奶粉中的水吸收:单独的粉末基质(◆)、具有CaCl2·2H2O的粉末基质(●)、具有共晶体蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的粉末基质(▲)以及具有等效的干混物·CaCl2·2H2O+蔗糖的粉末基质(■)。
图7示出了添加不同含钙物质的全脂奶粉中的水吸收:单独的粉末基质(◆)、具有CaCl2·2H2O的粉末基质(●)、具有共结晶蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的粉末基质(▲)以及具有等效的干混物CaCl2·2H2O+蔗糖的粉末基质(■)。
图8示出了添加不同含钙物质的“成长乳”粉中的水吸收:单独的粉末基质(◆)、具有CaCl2·2H2O的粉末基质(●)、具有共结晶蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的粉末基质(▲)以及具有等效的干混物CaCl2·2H2O+蔗糖的粉末基质(■)。
具体实施方式
因此,本发明部分涉及包含蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的营养组合物或药物组合物。“共晶体”是包含成限定的化学计量比的至少两种组分的结晶结构。例如,组分为原子、离子或分子。结晶结构具有限定的晶格。术语蔗糖·钙盐共晶体在本发明的上下文中用于意指蔗糖与钙盐以共结晶形式存在,即结晶结构包括蔗糖和钙盐。在本发明的上下文中,术语共晶体包括由两种或更多种固体和液体组成的多组分结晶物质。例如,本发明的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体可以是蔗糖·钙盐共晶体水合物。
应当指出的是,蔗糖酸钙配合物不是蔗糖·钙盐共晶体。在蔗糖盐中,蔗糖分子已经例如通过向蔗糖中添加强碱去质子化,从而使经过去质子化的蔗糖(蔗糖盐)带负电荷。
在本发明的上下文中,“营养组合物”可以是向个体提供营养并且可以由人或动物安全食用的任何种类的产品。如本文所用,“药物组合物”应理解为涵盖任何药物活性物质及其盐或/和药物载体(赋形剂)。
本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物可包含基于组合物的总重量计浓度大于0.01重量%,例如基于组合物的总重量计浓度为0.01重量%-99重量%,例如基于组合物的总重量计浓度为1重量%-70重量%,又如基于组合物的总重量计浓度为5重量%-60重量%的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体。在一个实施方案中,组合物包含基于组合物的总重量计浓度为10重量%-50重量%,更优选基于组合物的总重量计浓度为10重量%-20重量%的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体。
本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物可包含基于组合物的总重量计浓度为0.1重量%-70重量%,例如基于组合物的总重量计浓度为0.1重量%-50重量%,又如基于组合物的总重量计浓度为1重量%-30重量%的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体。
本发明的一个优点是蔗糖·钙盐共晶体允许用钙有效强化食品或饮料。在技术规模上,由于通常用于强化目的的当前钙盐的低流动性,含钙的食物产品的额外矿化可能引起若干问题,这使得处理和剂量变得困难。包含蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的组合物提供与蔗糖结合的共结晶形式的钙。共晶体的特征在于良好的流动性和具有改善的可加工性,使得处理和剂量更容易。蔗糖·钙盐共晶体提供易溶的钙源,在溶液中稳定。例如,在钙添加到水中使磷酸钙将显示沉淀的水平处,蔗糖·钙盐共晶体不显示沉淀。这对于饮料的钙强化,尤其是透明饮料是重要的。
除蔗糖·钙盐共晶体外,本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物还可包含脂肪、蛋白质或碳水化合物。
本发明的组合物中的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的钙盐可为任何无毒的钙盐。优选地,本发明的组合物中的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的钙盐是批准用于营养产品或药物产品的物质。本发明的组合物中的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的钙盐可选自氯化钙、溴化钙、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、乙酸钙、柠檬酸钙、酒石酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸二钙、磷酸一钙、焦磷酸钙、乳酸钙、苹果酸钙、苹果酸柠檬酸钙、以及它们的水合形式和组合。例如,钙盐可选自氯化钙、溴化钙、磷酸钙、碳酸钙以及它们的组合。对于另外的示例,钙盐可以是氯化钙或溴化钙。钙盐可以是氯化钙。
本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物中的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体可包含摩尔比介于2:1和1:2之间的蔗糖和钙盐,例如本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物可包含等摩尔量的蔗糖和钙盐。本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物中的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体可以是水合物,例如本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物中的蔗糖·钙盐共晶体可以是蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O。
与蔗糖和钙盐的等同混合物相比,蔗糖·钙盐共晶体具有不同的味道特征。因此,将蔗糖和钙盐形成共晶体可用于改变包含蔗糖和钙盐的组合物的味道。可有利地添加高效甜味剂以进一步改变味道,起到增强蔗糖甜味和帮助抵消可能来源于钙盐的任何不太理想的味道的作用。本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物还可包含高效甜味剂。高效甜味剂可选自相思子三萜甙A(abrusoside A)、阿力甜、阿斯巴甜、拜乌诺苷(baiyunoside)、布拉齐因、可鲁可林(curculin)、青钱柳苷I(cyclocarioside I)、菝葜苷、甘草酸、糖化甜菊糖苷、荷南度辛(hernandulcin)、N-[N-[3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙基]-L-[α]-天冬氨酰]-L-苯丙氨酸1-甲酯、N-[N-[3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-甲基丁基]-L-[α]-天冬氨酰]-L-苯丙氨酸1-甲酯、罗汉果提取物、马槟榔、N-[N-[3-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)丙基]-L-[α]-天冬氨酰]-L-苯丙氨酸1-甲酯、莫纳甜、莫内林、无患子倍半萜甙(mukurozioside)、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、纽甜、奥斯雷丁(osladin)、巴西甘草甜素(periandrins)、糙苏苷(phlomisosides)、根皮苷、叶甘素、聚婆朵苷A(polypodoside A)、pterocaryoside A、pterocaryoside B、贝壳杉烷型甜味剂(ent-kaurane sweetener)、非洲甜果素(thaumatin)和三叶苷、以及它们的盐和/或溶剂化物。
本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物还可包含营养性甜味剂。为避免疑惑,除蔗糖外,所述营养性甜味剂还包含在蔗糖·钙盐共晶体中。如本文所用,术语“营养性甜味剂”是指含有碳水化合物并提供能量的甜味剂。营养性甜味剂可进一步分类为单糖或二糖,其赋予4kcal/g能量,或糖醇(多元醇),其提供2kcal/g的平均能量,如“Position of theAmerican Dietetic Association:Use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners”J.Am.Diet Assoc.2004;104(2):255-275(“美国饮食协会的立场:营养性和非营养性甜味剂的用途,《美国饮食协会杂志》,2004年,第104卷,第2期:第255-275页)中所述。本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物还可包含选自3至12碳糖醇、单糖和甜二糖的一种或多种营养性甜味剂。例如,本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物还可包含选自以下的一种或多种营养性甜味剂:阿洛糖、脱氧核糖、赤藓酮糖、半乳糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、来苏糖、甘露糖、核糖、塔格糖、塔罗糖、木糖、赤藓糖、墨角藻糖、龙胆二糖、龙胆二酮糖、异麦芽糖、异麦芽酮糖、曲二糖、乳果糖、阿卓糖、昆布二糖、树胶醛醣、白菌二糖、岩藻糖、鼠李糖、山梨糖、麦芽酮糖、甘露二糖、mannosucrose、松三糖、蜜二糖、蜜二酮糖、黑曲霉糖、棉子糖、芦丁糖、芦丁酮糖、槐糖、水苏糖、苏糖、海藻糖、海藻酮糖、松二糖、木二糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖-果糖糖浆、高果糖玉米糖浆、转化糖、阿卢糖、阿拉伯醇、赤藓糖醇、甘油、氢化淀粉水解物、异麦芽酮糖醇、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、甘露醇、山梨糖醇和木糖醇。本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物还可包含选自蔗糖(不是共晶体的形式)、乳糖、葡萄糖及这些的组合的营养性甜味剂。
本发明的营养组合物可选自食物产品;饮料粉末(例如通过添加水、果汁或奶重构成饮料的粉末);用于临床营养的组合物;食品添加剂或营养补充剂。本发明的营养组合物可以是食物产品,例如甜食产品、冰淇淋,包括蛋糕装饰的烘焙产品、甜点或宠物食物产品。本发明的营养组合物可以是饮料粉末,例如适用于年龄介于一岁和三岁之间的学步儿的奶,诸如成长乳。成长乳通常添加有矿物质。饮料粉末可以是粉末状奶精,诸如咖啡奶精。
本发明的营养组合物可以是烹饪产品,例如速溶汤、块状浓缩汤料或肉汤粉、风味剂或粉末状烹饪助剂或脱水即食餐。本发明的营养组合物可以是低卡路里食物产品,例如它可具有40卡路里或更少的习惯参考食用量(RACC)(或每50g,如果RACC较小),或者对于膳食或主菜,每100g可具有120卡路里或更少。这符合美国食品和药物管理局2013年1月对低卡路里产品的营养成分声明的定义。
本发明的营养组合物可以是营养补充剂。营养补充剂是营养组合物,除正常饮食之外还提供该营养组合物以提供营养物质(宏量营养素或微量营养素)或膳食纤维,例如微量营养素(如某些维生素、矿物质),例如宏量营养素(如脂肪酸、氨基酸、碳水化合物、蛋白质等)。
令人惊讶的是,与包含纯钙盐的组合物相比,包含蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的组合物的货架期显著延长。与包含纯钙盐的组合物相比,蔗糖·钙盐共晶体出乎意料地显示出具有改善的耐湿性。
本发明的药物组合物还可包含药物活性成分及其盐。药物活性成分是直接影响疾病的治愈、缓解、治疗或预防,从而恢复、增强或维持生理功能的那些成分。
根据本发明的药物组合物可以经肠胃内施用或非肠道施用。经胃肠内施用可以是例如通过口腔、胃或十二指肠喂食管或直肠进行。非肠道施用可选自静脉内、动脉内、肌肉内、骨内、脑内、脑室内、鞘内、皮下施用。
根据本发明的药物组合物可以口服施用。有利地,蔗糖·钙盐共晶体可在消费者的唾液中快速溶解,从而产生均匀的无块溶液。由于改善了口感,消费者的接受度增加,并且对于患有吞咽困难的人(例如婴儿、儿童或中老年人)来说摄入是可能的。此外,患有吞咽困难或口腔干燥症的患者可以用本发明的快速溶解药物组合物治疗。可口服施用的药物组合物可以作为片剂、胶囊、凝胶胶囊、压片、硬糖或软糖、口香糖或丸剂施用。例如,片剂可以是口腔、舌下或口腔崩解片剂。可口服施用的药物组合物可通过干粉吸入器或喷雾器施用。
本发明的营养组合物或药物组合物可用于治疗或预防低钙血症。低钙血症是血液中钙含量低的病症。本发明的用于治疗或预防低钙血症的营养组合物或药物组合物还可包含维生素D和/或镁。
本发明的一个实施方案提供蔗糖·钙盐共晶体用于营养组合物的钙强化的用途。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于制备蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.在70℃-90℃的温度下制备包含钙盐和蔗糖的溶液,
b.将溶液冷却至20℃-35℃,
c.添加蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的晶种,
d.使晶体形成,
e.分离所获得的晶体。
共晶体可以通过机械方法制备,诸如混合物的研磨、球磨等。各个共晶体的单独组分以所需的摩尔比混合并在标准微粉化设备(例如球磨机、圆盘磨、行星式球磨机等)中机械处理一定时间量。任选地,可以添加液体以允许液体辅助研磨(LAG)或化学计量的溶剂化物例如水合物或乙醇化物的形成。
任选地,所需的共晶体也可以通过已建立和工业化的技术来制备,诸如喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、双螺杆挤出、辊压、压缩或在某些情况下直接机械混合/共混。
本领域的技术人员将理解,他们可自由地组合本文所公开的本发明的所有特征。具体地,针对本发明的产品描述的特征可与本发明的方法组合,反之亦然。此外,可组合针对本发明的不同实施方案所描述的特征。对于具体的特征如果存在已知的等同物,则此类等同物被纳入,如同在本说明书中明确提到这些等同物。
参见附图和非限制性实施例后,本发明的更多优点和特征将变得显而易见。
实施例
实施例1:通过直接蒸发合成晶种:
方法:
将5g的蔗糖与3.21g的二水氯化钙在10mL水中混合,直至完全溶解。将溶液转移到培养皿中,使得可以完全蒸发。2周后,溶液开始结晶。通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)(实施例5)确认共结晶蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的存在。用该方法获得的晶体用作晶种,该晶种用于通过冷却进行合成(实施例2)。
实施例2:通过冷却合成晶种:
名称 | 蔗糖 | 二水氯化钙 |
当量 | 1 | 1.5 |
引入的质量(g) | 41.34 | 26.75 |
引入的实际质量(g) | 41.34 | 26.62 |
物质的量(mol) | 0.12083 | 0.18106 |
物质的量(mmol) | 120.83 | 181.06 |
在配备有磁力搅拌器杆的恒温双夹套200mL玻璃反应器中,将41.34g的蔗糖(120.83mmol)和26.75g的CaCl2·2H2O(181.06mmol)在环境温度下添加到25mL乙醇和24mL水的混合物中。然后将溶液加热至高达70℃持续2小时,同时在300rpm下搅拌,直到获得澄清溶液。完全溶解后,将溶液逐渐冷却到18℃超过4小时。
在18℃下静置两天,该溶液没有结晶,因此使用通过蒸发获得的晶体进行接种。将悬浮液在18℃下搅拌2小时,然后在玻璃料上过滤。将白色晶体在40℃下于烘箱中干燥一晚,获得32g产物。收率对应于50%。表征(实施例5)证实,所获得的产物为共晶体蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O。该产物用作大规模方案的晶种(实施例3)。
实施例3:大规模合成方案:
名称 | 蔗糖 | 二水氯化钙 |
当量 | 1 | 1.5 |
引入的质量(g) | 661.44 | 428.00 |
引入的实际质量(g) | 661.44 | 425.86 |
物质的量(mol) | 1.933 | 2.897 |
物质的量(mmol) | 1933 | 2897 |
在配备有塔顶搅拌、内部温度控制和水冷凝器的1升双夹套恒温玻璃反应器中,将661.44g的蔗糖(1.93mol)和428g的CaCl2·2H2O(2.90mol)在环境温度下添加到400mL乙醇和377.6mL水的混合物中。温度设置为80℃并且在2小时内于100rpm下搅拌溶液。完全溶解后,将溶液逐渐冷却到25℃超过5小时。在该温度下,将5mg来自先前步骤的晶种添加到溶液中。将搅拌速率降低至30rpm,并且结晶发生在接种步骤之后的几分钟内。然后将溶液冷却至18℃并在该温度下保持6小时。将溶液在玻璃料上过滤,并在40℃下将白色晶体于烘箱中真空干燥一晚,获得474g产物。收率对应于47%。通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)(实施例5)确认共结晶蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的存在。
实施例4:机械化学合成:
测试条件:
在球磨期间,应用以下条件测试三种不同比率:
-不添加水
-添加0.5当量的水
-添加2当量的水
-添加0.5当量的乙醇
-添加0.5当量的丙酮
-添加0.5当量的异丙醇
方法:
将两种结晶粉末置于莱驰振动球磨机中,使用直径为15mm的5个钢球。如上所指示,用20Hz频率在任选的添加溶剂之后进行球磨30分钟。
结果:
在以下条件下获得了共结晶的蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O:两个当量的蔗糖与一个当量的CaCl2·2H2O并且添加两个当量的水。通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)(实施例5)确认共结晶蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的存在。
实施例5:表征
X射线衍射分析:
PXRD实验用Rigaku Miniflex 600衍射仪(使用CuKα 辐射和Kβ滤光器(Nickel,3mm))进行。所用的检测器为D/teX超高速1D。扫描角2θ设定为5°-60°,步长大小为0.02°,速度为5°/分钟,并且操作电压为40kV且电流量为25mA。
对纯组分蔗糖、CaCl2·2H2O和通过冷却结晶获得的产物进行PXRD表征。如图2所示,共晶体的粉末X射线衍射图案明显不同于其单独成分的粉末X射线衍射图案,这指示存在新的结晶相。为了鉴定形成的产物,通过缓慢的直接蒸发从水中获得单晶,并通过单晶X射线衍射说明结晶结构(见图1)。通过比较单位晶胞参数,可以证实,形成的产物确实是1963年由Jones、Rorem和Palmer描述的共晶体蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O。
值得注意的是,可以说,钙离子仅通过一个蔗糖分子配位,而不是像在大多数报道的其它碳水化合物钙共晶体结构中那样同时通过两个糖配位。因此,结构被最佳描述为离散的配合物并且不被描述为结晶状态下的网络或链状集合体。此外,中心钙离子通过总共八个氧原子配位,在八个氧原子中,四个含相关联的结合水。有趣的是,葡萄糖以及蔗糖分子的果糖部分连接到中央原子以及连接两个糖亚基的桥接氧原子。果糖单元与两个相邻的醇氧原子配位,而六元葡萄糖环仅经由一个醇氧原子连接。
实施例6:蔗糖·CaBr2·4H2O的合成
测试不同的方法以合成该共结晶相。第一,如先前所述在以下条件下尝试并操作球磨三种不同摩尔比的起始物质(1/1、2/1和1/2):
-添加0.5当量的水
-添加2当量的水
-添加2当量的水和0.5当量的乙醇
-添加2当量的水和0.5当量的丙酮
-添加2当量的水和0.5当量的异丙醇
结果为所有测试条件的物理混合物,等摩尔的情况和添加2当量的水和0.5当量的丙酮或异丙醇的情况除外。在这些情况下观察到PXRD中的新峰。
通过冷却等摩尔水性溶液来合成钙/蔗糖共晶体的溴化物型式的实验即使在添加乙醇作为抗溶剂之后也是不成功的。
另外的基于溶液的实验遵循所谓的“浆料熟化”方法:在室温下在丙酮(或异丙醇)中混合两种起始物质的方式使得完全溶解无法实现。然后将所得的浆液或悬浮液搅拌一整天。溶剂的选择受到通过球磨获得的阳性结果的启发。过滤后,可观察到丙酮浆液的新峰,并且PXRD与在存在2当量的水和0.5当量的丙酮时的机械化学转化的情况下所获得的图案相同。然而,在异丙醇的情况下获得物理混合物。
最终,通过直接蒸发从水中获得纯共结晶物质的实验是富有成果的:用摩尔比(1/1)和(1/2)的例如蔗糖/CaBr2制备溶液,在环境温度下静置结晶数天,并获得易于单晶X射线分析的晶体。所得的结构证实了式蔗糖·CaBr2·4H2O(见图3和图4)并且此外与体系蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O同构。空间群和单位晶胞参数被确定为:单斜,a=10.07,b=10.17,α=90.0,β=106.1,γ=90.0°。
实施例7:蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O的共晶体的水吸收性能研究
研究了四种不同粉末基质中蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O共晶体的水吸收性能:麦芽糖糊精(图5)、脱脂奶粉(图6)、含26%脂肪的全脂奶粉(图7)和粉末状“成长乳”(Nestlé BEBA3)(图8)。对于每种基质,将三种不同的含钙物质混合到粉末中以模拟钙强化。将粉末储存在相对湿度为33%的干燥器中超过22天。通过跟踪重量变化每3-4天测量水吸收。图5至图8示出了水吸收:单独粉末基质(◆),具有CaCl2·2H2O的(2.1重量%)的粉末基质:13.59g的基质+290mg的CaCl2·2H2O(●),具有共结晶蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O(7.6重量%)的粉末基质:13.59g的基质+1.04g的共晶体(▲),以及具有等同干混物的粉末基质:13.59g的基质+290mg的CaCl2·2H2O+670mg的蔗糖(■)。
在所有测试样品中,可观察到共晶体的水吸收低于干混物的水吸收。对于麦芽糖糊精、脱脂奶粉和全脂奶粉,共晶体的水吸收与未强化粉末的水吸收类似。
Claims (12)
1.包含蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的营养组合物或药物组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的营养组合物或药物组合物,其中基于所述组合物的总重量,所述组合物包含浓度大于0.01重量%的所述蔗糖·钙盐共晶体。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的营养组合物或药物组合物,其中除所述蔗糖·钙盐共晶体外,所述组合物还包含脂肪、蛋白质或碳水化合物。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的营养组合物或药物组合物,其中所述蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的所述钙盐选自氯化钙、溴化钙、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、乙酸钙、柠檬酸钙、酒石酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸二钙、磷酸一钙、焦磷酸钙、乳酸钙、苹果酸钙、苹果酸柠檬酸钙、以及它们的水合形式和组合。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的营养组合物或药物组合物,其中所述蔗糖·钙盐共晶体为蔗糖·CaCl2·4H2O。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的营养组合物或药物组合物,其中所述组合物还包含高效甜味剂。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的营养组合物或药物组合物,其中所述组合物还包含营养性甜味剂。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的营养组合物,其中所述营养组合物选自食物产品、饮料粉末;用于临床营养的组合物;食品添加剂或营养补充剂。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物还包含药物活性成分及其盐。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物组合物,其中所述组合物是可口服施用的。
11.蔗糖·钙盐共晶体用于营养组合物的钙强化的用途。
12.用于制备蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.在70℃-90℃的温度下制备包含钙盐和蔗糖的溶液,
b.将所述溶液冷却至20℃-35℃,
c.添加蔗糖·钙盐共晶体的晶种,
d.使晶体形成,
e.分离所获得的晶体。
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