CN109070905A - 铁路车辆的电力变换装置 - Google Patents

铁路车辆的电力变换装置 Download PDF

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CN109070905A
CN109070905A CN201780025369.XA CN201780025369A CN109070905A CN 109070905 A CN109070905 A CN 109070905A CN 201780025369 A CN201780025369 A CN 201780025369A CN 109070905 A CN109070905 A CN 109070905A
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heated components
coolant liquid
power
circulation loop
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铃木怜子
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Toshiba Corp
Toshiba Infrastructure Systems and Solutions Corp
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Abstract

本发明的实施方式的铁路车辆的电力变换装置具备半导体元件、第一受热构件、电抗器和电阻、第二受热构件、冷却液循环回路、热交换器。半导体元件构成用于电力变换的主电路部。半导体元件被安装在第一受热构件。电抗器和电阻构成用于电力变换的辅助电路部。电抗器和电阻被安装在第二受热构件。冷却液循环回路使冷却液流过第一受热构件和第二受热构件。热交换器进行冷却液的热交换。

Description

铁路车辆的电力变换装置
技术领域
本发明的实施方式涉及铁路车辆的电力变换装置。
背景技术
在铁路车辆中安装有对交流电力和直流电力进行变换的电力变换装置。铁路车辆的电力变换装置用IGBT(绝缘栅极双极晶体管)、二极管等半导体元件构成逆变器、变换器等主电路部。另外，这种电力变换装置为了抑制高次谐波、改善功率因数等，而具备具有电抗器、电阻的辅助电路部。
电力变换装置的主电路部的半导体元件在开关动作等时产生高温，因此大多使冷却液循环来冷却主电路部。通过冷却液冷却主电路部的电力变换装置将半导体元件安装在具有与冷却液的热交换部的受热构件(散热装置)，受热构件与冷却液循环回路连接。冷却液循环回路通过泵使贮存在贮存器中的冷却液循环，通过热交换器将从作为冷却对象的半导体元件取得的热散热到外部。
具备半导体元件的主电路部被配置在与车外密闭的密闭室内，具备热交换器、电抗器以及电阻的辅助电路部被配置在与车外不密闭的非密闭室(风洞)。
在这样的铁路车辆的电力变换装置中，能够通过冷却液循环回路高效地冷却具备半导体元件的主电路部。但是，因为作为辅助电路部的发热部件的电抗器和电阻在非密闭室内通过空气冷却被冷却，因此，辅助电路部的安装部件容易被室外的空气污损，而且空气冷却构造容易大型化。因此，在这样的电力变换装置中，担心伴随辅助电路部的安装部件的长期使用而造成的性能降低、装置整体的大型化。
专利文献1：日本国特开2005-287214号公报
发明内容
本发明要解决的课题是提供一种铁路车辆的电力变换装置，其能够避免伴随辅助电路部的安装部件的长期使用而造成的性能降低、装置整体的大型化。
实施方式的铁路车辆的电力变换装置具备半导体元件、第一受热构件、电抗器和电阻、第二受热构件、冷却液循环回路、热交换器。半导体元件构成电力变换用的主电路部。半导体元件被安装在第一受热构件。电抗器和电阻构成电力变换用的辅助电路部。电抗器和电阻被安装在第二受热构件。冷却液循环回路使冷却液流过第一受热构件和第二受热构件。热交换器进行冷却液的热交换。
附图说明
图1是从侧方看安装了第一实施方式的电力变换装置的铁路车辆的示意图。
图2是从侧方看第二实施方式的电力变换装置的示意图。
图3是从侧方看第三实施方式的电力变换装置的示意图。
图4是从侧方看第四实施方式的电力变换装置的示意图。
图5是从侧方看第五实施方式的电力变换装置的示意图。
1、1A、1B、1C、1D：电力变换装置；2：主电路部；2a：半导体元件；3A：主电路用散热装置(第一受热构件)；3B：辅助电路用散热装置(第二受热构件)；3C：散热装置；3Ca-1、3Ca-2：热交换部；5：热交换器；9：密闭室；12：送风装置；13：电抗器；14：电阻；15：非密闭室；20、20A、20B：冷却液循环回路；20C-1：第一冷却液循环回路；20C-2：第二冷却液循环回路；21：辅助电路部；25A、25B、25C：冷却液通路；25D、25E：冷却液通路。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图说明实施方式的铁路车辆的电力变换装置。
(第一实施方式)
图1是从侧方看安装了第一实施方式的电力变换装置1的铁路车辆200的示意图。
铁路车辆200通过电动机303驱动在铁轨304上转动的车轮305。电动机303和车轮305经由底架302被设置在车体201的下方。在车体201的上部设置有导电杆架301。铁路车辆200经由导电杆架301从架线300被供给电力。
铁路车辆200在车体201的内侧安装有电力变换装置1。电力变换装置1例如在将经由导电杆架301从架线300供给的交流电力变换为直流后，再次变换为希望的交流电力，向车辆驱动用的电动机303供给电力。
电力变换装置1在框体11内容纳有用于电力变换的电路和冷却机构。框体11的内部被隔成与车外密闭的密闭室9、与车外不密闭的非密闭室15(例如风洞)。非密闭室15构成为经由未图示的通气口等适当地与车外连通，能够在外部大气和非密闭室15之间进行热交换。
电力变换装置1用IGBT(绝缘栅极双极晶体管)、二极管等半导体元件2a构成逆变器、变换器等主电路部2。主电路部2被安装在作为第一受热构件的主电路用散热装置3A。主电路用散热装置3A具有从外部导入冷却液的热交换部3Aa。热交换部3Aa在热交换部3Aa和冷却液之间进行热交换。
主电路用散热装置3A的热交换部3Aa与冷却液循环回路20连接。贮存在贮存器8的冷却液通过泵10的动力在冷却液循环回路20中循环。冷却液循环回路20在泵10的下游侧连接有主电路用散热装置3A的热交换部3Aa。另外，冷却液循环回路20的贮存器8的上游侧与配置在非密闭室15内的热交换器5(散热器)连接。热交换器5在向贮存器8返回的冷却液和非密闭室15内的空气(外部大气)之间进行热交换。流过冷却液循环回路20的冷却液的热在热交换器5中被散热。
另外，在非密闭室15内，设置有能够向热交换器5吹送强制风的送风装置12。
另外，电力变换装置1具备用于抑制高次谐波、改善功率因数等的辅助电路部21。辅助电路部21具备电抗器13和电阻14。电抗器13和电阻14与主电路2的半导体元件2a相比，发热量小，但由于通电而产生热。辅助电路部21被安装在作为第二受热构件的辅助电路用散热装置3B。辅助电路用散热装置3B具备从外部导入冷却液的热交换部3Ba。热交换部3Ba在热交换部3Ba和冷却液之间进行热交换。
辅助电路用散热装置3B的热交换部3Ba与冷却液循环回路20中的主回路用散热装置3A的下游侧串行连接。
电力变换装置1将安装了主电路部2的主电路用散热装置3A、安装了辅助电路部21的辅助电路用散热装置3B与贮存器8和泵10一起配置在密闭室9内。冷却液循环回路20仅将热交换器5配置在非密闭室15内。
在本实施方式的铁路车辆200中，如果经由导电杆架301从架线300供给了电力，则在电力变换装置1的主电路部2和辅助电路部21中进行电力的变换，通过变换后的电力驱动电动机303。在电力变换装置1的主电路部2中，在电力的变换时半导体元件2a产生高热，但在安装有主电路部2的主电路用散热装置3A中，在冷却液循环回路20内的冷却液和主电路用散热装置3A之间进行热交换，主电路部2被冷却。另外，这时在电力变换装置1的辅助电路部21中，电抗器13和电阻14产生热，但在安装有辅助电路部21的辅助电路用散热装置3B中，在冷却液循环回路20内的冷却液和辅助电路用散热装置3B之间进行热交换，辅助电路部21被冷却。
在主电路部2和辅助电路部21吸热后的冷却液前进到冷却液循环回路20内的热交换器5，在该热交换器5中与非密闭室15内的空气进行热交换。冷却液由此被冷却，经由贮存器8再次返回到泵10。
如以上那样，本实施方式的电力变换装置1具备：具有半导体元件2a的主电路部2、安装有主电路部2的主电路用散热装置3A、具有电抗器13和电阻14的辅助电路部21、安装有辅助电路部21的辅助电路用散热装置3B、使冷却液在主电路用散热装置3A和辅助电路用散热装置3B流动的冷却液循环回路20。因此，不只是主电路部2的半导体元件2a，还能够通过冷却液循环回路20高效地冷却辅助电路部21的电抗器13和电阻14。
另外，在本实施方式的电力变换装置1中，主电路用散热装置3A和辅助电路用散热装置3B被配置在密闭室9，冷却液循环回路20的热交换器5被配置在非密闭室15。因此，能够防止辅助电路部21的电抗器13和电阻14被外部大气污损。
进而，在本实施方式的电力变换装置1中，辅助电路用散热装置3B与冷却液循环回路20的冷却液通路中的主电路用散热装置3A的下游侧串行连接。因此，辅助电路部21的冷却所伴随的升温不会对主电路部2的冷却产生影响。因此，在采用了本实施方式的电力变换装置1的情况下，能够优先地冷却发热量大的主电路部2。
(第二实施方式)
图2是从侧方看第二实施方式的电力变换装置1A的示意图。此外，在以下说明的各实施方式中，对与第一实施方式相同的部分附加相同符号。
第二实施方式的电力变换装置1A的基本结构与第一实施方式大致相同，但在冷却液循环回路20A的泵10的下游侧设置分支为三个的冷却液通路25A、25B、25C(第一冷却液通路、第二冷却液通路、第三冷却液通路)，各冷却液通路25A、25B、25C分别连接有主电路用散热装置3A(第一受热构件)和辅助电路用散热装置3B(第二受热构件)。辅助电路用散热装置3B在各冷却液通路25A、25B、25C中与主电路用散热装置3A的下游侧串行连接。另外，分支的三个冷却液通路25A、25B、25C再次合流而与热交换器5连接。
第二实施方式的电力变换装置1A能够取得与第一实施方式相同的基本效果。在第二实施方式的电力变换装置1A中，主电路用散热装置3A和辅助电路用散热装置3B与在冷却液循环回路20A中并行设置的冷却液通路25A、25B、25C的各个串行连接。因此，例如不但能够通过冷却水冷却与主电路部2和辅助电路部21的对应的每个功能部，还能够使各个散热装置小型化。
(第三实施方式)
图3是从侧方看第三实施方式的电力变换装置1B的示意图。
第三实施方式的电力变换装置1B的基本结构与第一实施方式大致相同，但在冷却液循环回路20B的泵10的下游侧设置分支为两个的冷却液通路25D、25E。一个冷却液通路25D(第一冷却通路)连接有主电路用散热装置3A(第一受热构件)，另一个冷却液通路25E(第二冷却液通路)连接有辅助电路用散热装置3B(第二受热构件)。分支为两个的冷却液通路25D、25E再次合流而与热交换器5连接。
第三实施方式的电力变换装置1B能够取得与第一实施方式相同的基本效果。在第三实施方式的电力变换装置1B中，主电路用散热装置3A和辅助电路用散热装置3B还分别与在冷却液循环回路20B中并行设置的不同的冷却液通路25D、25E另行连接。因此，对主电路部2和辅助电路部21中的一方进行冷却而升温后的冷却液不会流向另一方。因此，能够对电力变换装置1B的主电路部2的半导体元件2a、辅助电路部21上的电抗器13和电阻14的任意一个稳定地进行冷却。
(第四实施方式)
图4是从侧方看第四实施方式的电力变换装置1C的示意图。
第四实施方式的电力变换装置1C具备：连接了主电路用散热装置3A(第一受热构件)的第一冷却液循环回路20C-1、连接了辅助电路用散热装置3B(第二受热构件)的第二冷却液循环回路20C-2。第一冷却液循环回路20C-1构成为与第二冷却液循环回路20C-2不同的回路。电力变换装置1C的框体11具备相互离开的一对密闭室9a、9b、配置在一对密闭室9a、9b之间的非密闭室15。
在一个密闭室9a(第一密闭室)中配置有主电路用散热装置3A、第一冷却液循环回路20C-1的贮存器8a以及泵10a，在另一个密闭室9b(第二密闭室)中配置有辅助电路用散热装置3B、第二冷却液循环回路20C-2的贮存器8b以及泵10b。在非密闭室15中配置有第一冷却液循环回路20C-1的热交换器5a、第二冷却液循环回路20C-2的热交换器5b。在非密闭室15中配置有送风装置12。第一冷却液循环回路20C-1的热交换器5a、第二冷却液循环回路20C-2的热交换器5b被配置为从共通的送风装置12接受送风。
第四实施方式的电力变换装置1C能够得到与第一实施方式相同的基本效果。第四实施方式的电力变换装置1C还具备：连接了主电路用散热装置3A的第一冷却液循环回路20C-1、连接了辅助电路用散热装置3B的第二冷却液循环回路20C-2。第一冷却液循环回路20C-1构成为与第二冷却液循环回路20C-2不同的回路。另外，两个回路的热交换器5a、5b被配置为从共通的送风装置12接受送风。因此，流过主电路部2和辅助电路部21中的一方的冷却液的温度对流过另一方的冷却液的温度不产生影响。进而，在配置在一对密闭室9a、9b之间的非密闭室15中，能够通过共通的送风装置12冷却热交换器5a、5b。因此，能够将对主电路部2和辅助电路部21的冷却性能维持得高，同时紧凑地构成电力变换装置1C。
(第五实施方式)
图5是从侧方看第五实施方式的电力变换装置1D的示意图。
第五实施方式的电力变换装置1D由安装有主电路部2和辅助电路部21的共通的散热装置3C(热交换部)构成主电路用散热装置(第一受热构件)和辅助电路用散热装置(第二受热构件)。散热装置3C具备针对主电路部2的热交换部3Ca-1、针对辅助电路部21的热交换部3Ca-2。
第五实施方式的电力变换装置1D能够得到与第一实施方式相同的基本效果。但是，第五实施方式的电力变换装置1D将针对主电路部2的热交换部3Ca-1、针对辅助电路部21的热交换部3Ca-2构成为共通的散热装置3C。因此，在采用了该结构的情况下，能够削减电力变换装置1D的零件个数，谋求降低制造成本。
根据以上说明的至少一个实施方式，通过具备：具有半导体元件的主电路部、安装有主电路部的第一受热构件(主电路用散热装置)、具有电抗器和电阻的辅助电路部、安装有辅助电路部的第二受热构件(辅助电路用散热装置)、使冷却液流过第一受热构件和第二受热构件的冷却液循环回路、进行冷却液的热交换的热交换器，从而不只是高效率地冷却主电路部，还能够高效率地冷却辅助电路部的安装部件。因此，能够避免由于附着尘埃等而使辅助电路部的安装部件的性能降低、由于使用大型的空气冷却构造而装置整体大型化。
以上说明了本发明的几个实施方式，但作为例子提示了这些实施方式，并不是要限定发明的范围。能够以其他各种形式实施这些实施方式，能够在不脱离发明的主要内容的范围内进行各种省略、置换、变更。这些实施方式、变形包含在发明的范围、主要内容内，同样包含在权利要求所记载的发明及其等价的范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种铁路车辆的电力变换装置，具备：
半导体元件，构成电力变换用的主电路部；
第一受热构件，安装有上述半导体元件；
电抗器和电阻，是构成电力变换用的辅助电路部的电气部件；
第二受热构件，安装有上述电抗器和电阻；
冷却液循环回路，使冷却液流过上述第一受热构件和上述第二受热构件；以及
热交换器，进行上述冷却液的热交换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆的电力变换装置，其中，
还具备与车外密闭的密闭室、与车外不密闭的非密闭室，
上述第一受热构件和上述第二受热构件被配置在上述密闭室，
上述冷却液循环回路的上述热交换器被配置在上述非密闭室。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁路车辆的电力变换装置，其中，上述第二受热构件与上述冷却液循环回路的冷却液通路中的上述第一受热构件的下游侧串行连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的铁路车辆的电力变换装置，其中，上述第二受热构件串行地与上述第一受热构件的下游侧连接的上述冷却液通路在上述冷却液循环回路中并行地设置有多个。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁路车辆的电力变换装置，其中，上述第一受热构件和上述第二受热构件分别与在上述冷却液循环回路中并行地设置的不同的冷却液通路独立地连接。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁路车辆的电力变换装置，其中，
还具备能够向上述热交换器送风的送风装置，
连接上述第一受热构件的上述冷却液循环回路、连接上述第二受热构件的上述冷却液循环回路构成为不同的回路，
连接上述第一受热构件的第一冷却液循环回路、连接上述第二受热构件的第二冷却液循环回路被配置为各热交换器从共同的上述送风装置接受送风。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁路车辆的电力变换装置，其中，上述第一受热构件和上述第二受热构件由具备针对上述半导体元件的热交换部、针对上述电抗器和电阻的热交换部的一体的受热构件构成。
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