CN109047268B - Device and method for modularly treating perishable garbage by utilizing hermetia illucens - Google Patents
Device and method for modularly treating perishable garbage by utilizing hermetia illucens Download PDFInfo
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- CN109047268B CN109047268B CN201810603242.8A CN201810603242A CN109047268B CN 109047268 B CN109047268 B CN 109047268B CN 201810603242 A CN201810603242 A CN 201810603242A CN 109047268 B CN109047268 B CN 109047268B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for modularly treating perishable garbage by utilizing hermetia illucens. The method utilizes the hermetia illucens to comprehensively treat the perishable garbage, and modularizes the treatment process, systemizes the working condition control and distributes treatment unit areas in a star shape. The module unit comprises a pretreatment unit, an insect treatment unit, an insect material separation unit, a stockpile retreatment unit, an insect retreatment unit, a sewage treatment unit, a pupa unit, an adult unit, a primary culture unit and a storage unit. The basic unit, the black soldier fly breeding unit and the storage unit form a complete unit, and the complete unit and a plurality of basic units are distributed in an area in a star shape by taking the complete unit as a center. The modularized treatment method reasonably separates and coexists the garbage treatment and the black soldier fly breeding, thereby improving the management efficiency and the treatment efficiency and being suitable for the treatment requirement of geographically scattered distribution of perishable garbage in regions such as villages and towns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to garbage composting and reduction, in particular to a technology for modularly treating perishable garbage by utilizing hermetia illucens in garbage reduction by utilizing the hermetia illucens.
Background
With the development of social economy, the production amount of household garbage is increasing day by day, and great pressure is brought to the environments such as soil, water, air and the like in rural areas. Therefore, the method has very important practical significance for exploring a treatment mode with good economy and strong adaptability to meet the requirement of solving the problem of 'waste surrounding village' in wide rural villages, and accords with the era trend of green sustainable development. The reduction and resource treatment of garbage are trends in social development. A large part of the rural domestic garbage is perishable garbage and rich in organic matters, and the reduction and the efficient utilization of the garbage as resources are hot spots for new rural construction.
Zhejiang province starts earlier in exploring the classification work of rural domestic waste. In 2003, the 'thousand village demonstration and ten thousand village remediation' project brings rural garbage remediation into one of five major projects. Since 2014, Zhejiang developed a trial to promote the reduction and resource classification treatment of rural domestic garbage. And in the early 2018, the Zhejiang province local standard "rural domestic waste classification treatment standard" (hereinafter referred to as the standard for short) is promulgated formally. The rural domestic garbage specified in the specification is divided into four categories of perishable garbage, recoverable matters, harmful garbage and other garbage. Wherein the perishable garbage is biodegradable organic solid waste generated in household life and living service industry, such as: kitchen waste generated in household life; kitchen waste generated by centralized catering units such as country hotels, civil accommodations, farmhouse happiness, restaurant and dining halls and unit dining halls; vegetable, fruit and vegetable garbage, rotten meat, broken meat and bones, eggshells, livestock and poultry product internal organs and other organic garbage generated by farmer markets, village markets and village supermarkets; biodegradable organic garbage such as crop straws, dead branches and rotten leaves, rice husks, bamboo shells, animal wastes for garden feeding and the like brought home by villagers. The method is characterized in that perishable garbage is treated by adopting modes of machine fertilization, solar energy assisted composting, anaerobic biogas production fermentation and the like according to local conditions. The three perishable garbage treatment modes have advantages and disadvantages in actual operation. The mechanical fertilizer forming method has the advantages of rapidness and convenient management. The disadvantages of the method are large equipment and energy consumption cost and easy insufficient fermentation. The solar energy assisted composting has the advantages of small investment and wide application, and has the defects of long period, unstable fermentation and easy influence of weather seasons. The anaerobic biogas production fermentation method has the advantages of thorough fermentation, biogas production capacity and large treatment capacity, and has the defects of high garbage and purity requirements and high technical requirements. In order to better treat increasing amounts of perishable garbage in rural areas, more technologies with high applicability, high economy, reduction and resource utilization are urgently needed to meet different requirements of different areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a device and a method for modularly treating perishable garbage by utilizing hermetia illucens. The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a device for modularly treating perishable garbage by utilizing hermetia illucens is characterized in that the hermetia illucens modularized treatment units are distributed in a region star-shaped manner, the region star-shaped distribution takes a complete unit as a center, and a plurality of basic units are distributed in a garbage treatment region in a radial scattered manner;
the basic unit comprises a pretreatment unit, an insect treatment unit, an insect material separation unit, a stockpile retreatment unit, an insect retreatment unit and a sewage treatment unit; the perishable garbage after pretreatment in the pretreatment unit enters an insect treatment unit, and the squeezed sewage generated by squeezing enters a sewage treatment unit; leachate generated in the insect treatment unit enters a sewage treatment unit, and an insect material mixture enters an insect material separation unit; the stockpile obtained by separation in the insect material separation unit enters a stockpile retreatment unit for aerobic composting, and the separated high-age hermetia illucens larvae enter an insect retreatment unit;
the complete unit comprises the basic unit, a pupa unit, an adult unit, a primary culture unit and a storage unit; in all the worm reprocessing units in the region star distribution, part of the high-age hermetia illucens larvae enter the pupa unit as breeding worms, and the rest high-age hermetia illucens larvae are all prepared into feed products and then enter the storage unit; all organic compost products generated by all the compost reprocessing units in the regional star distribution also enter the storage unit; adult insects obtained by hatching in the pupa unit enter the adult unit, female insects in the adult unit lay eggs and enter the primary culture unit, and hermetia illucens larvae obtained in the primary culture unit are respectively conveyed to all the insect processing units in the region star distribution;
the insect treatment unit is internally provided with a temperature control system, a moisture exhaust system and an odor treatment system, and the stockpile retreatment unit is internally provided with a temperature control system, a moisture exhaust system, an aeration system and an odor treatment system; and temperature control systems are arranged in the pupa unit, the adult unit and the primary culture unit.
Based on the above scheme, the following parameters and specific implementation modes can be adopted for each unit.
In the pretreatment unit, the perishable garbage is sorted, crushed and squeezed, impurities which cannot be rotted in the garbage are removed, the water content is reduced to 60-80%, and the particle size is crushed to be smaller than 15 mm.
And adding black soldier fly larvae of 4-5 days old and 7-11 mm long into the insect treatment unit, feeding the pretreated perishable garbage by using the black soldier fly larvae, and obtaining the high-age black soldier fly larvae of which the length is more than 18 mm.
In the insect material separation unit, an insect material mixture formed by mixing garbage and insects is separated and is divided into stockpiles and black soldier fly high-age larvae.
And in the compost reprocessing unit, ventilating and controlling the temperature of the separated compost for further decomposition and curing, and preparing a compost product after the decomposition and curing are completed.
The pupa unit is divided into two parts, one part is used for storing pupas, and the other part is used for hatching pupas.
The temperature control system controls the temperature of the worm processing unit, the adult unit and the preliminary culture unit to be between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃, controls the temperature of a pupa storage part in the pupa unit to be between 0 ℃ and 10 ℃, and controls the temperature of a pupa incubation part to be between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃.
The dehumidifying system controls the ambient air humidity of the insect processing unit and keeps the relative humidity between 40% and 70%; and controlling the ambient air humidity of the stockpile retreatment unit to be kept below 50%.
The aeration system aerates the stockpile retreatment unit and blows air to ensure that the stockpile is in an aerobic composting state.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for treating perishable garbage by using any one of the devices, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, the following processing is carried out in all the basic units distributed in a star shape in the area:
1) the method comprises the following steps that perishable garbage collected in a unified mode firstly enters a pretreatment unit, and is pretreated through sorting, crushing and squeezing processes, and non-perishable impurities in the garbage are removed, so that the moisture of the garbage is reduced, and the garbage is fragmented to facilitate subsequent treatment; the pretreated perishable garbage enters an insect treatment unit, and the squeezed sewage generated by squeezing enters a sewage treatment unit.
2) Adding 3-5 days old black soldier fly larvae into the insect treatment unit, performing primary treatment on the garbage by using feed of the black soldier fly larvae, reducing the volume, the mass and the water content of the garbage, and enabling leachate generated in the treatment process to enter the sewage treatment unit; after the treatment is finished, obtaining an insect material mixture, separating the insect material mixture in an insect material separation unit, separating the obtained stockpile in a stockpile reprocessing unit, separating the obtained black soldier fly larvae in a high age, feeding the obtained black soldier fly larvae in a reprocessing unit,
3) in the compost reprocessing unit, ventilating and controlling the temperature of the separated compost for further decomposition and curing, and preparing an organic compost product after decomposition and curing;
4) in the reprocessing unit, selecting part of the larvae of the hermetia illucens of the high-age larvae obtained by separation, feeding the selected larvae into the pupa unit, and reprocessing the rest of the larvae of the hermetia illucens of the high-age larvae to prepare a feed product;
5) in the sewage treatment unit, the squeezed sewage generated by the pretreatment unit and the leachate generated in the treatment process of the insect treatment unit are collected together, a biological method is utilized to carry out sewage treatment, and the sewage reaching the standard is discharged;
in the complete unit, collecting materials obtained by all basic units which belong to the same region and are distributed in a star shape, storing and breeding hermetia illucens, and the method comprises the following steps:
6) firstly, storing the breeding insects selected from the reprocessing unit in a pupa unit at a low temperature, taking part of pupa for hatching when 3-5 days of black soldier fly larvae are required to be added to any basic unit which belongs to the same region and is distributed in a star shape, and enabling the hatched imagoes to enter an imago unit;
7) in the adult unit, mating hermetia illucens male and female adults, inducing the female to lay eggs, and collecting the obtained eggs to enter a primary culture unit;
8) in the primary culture unit, the hermetia illucens eggs are incubated, the hermetia illucens are cultured for 3-5 days at 25-35 ℃ by using feed to obtain larvae of 7-11 mm, and the larvae are put into the insect treatment unit of the basic unit as the larvae of the hermetia illucens of 3-5 days old.
According to the relationship between the growing stage of the hermetia illucens and the perishable garbage treatment process, the perishable garbage treatment unit comprises a pretreatment unit, an insect treatment unit, an insect material separation unit, a stockpile retreatment unit, a retreatment unit and a sewage treatment unit which form a basic unit. The basic unit is used for treating the perishable garbage. The basic unit and the black soldier fly breeding unit comprise a pupa unit, an adult unit, a primary culture unit and a storage unit which form a complete unit. The complete unit is used for treating perishable garbage and breeding hermetia illucens and can be operated independently. The method can be used for performing primary treatment and compost treatment on the hermetia illucens larvae on perishable garbage, achieves the characteristics of high efficiency and rapidness in garbage compost treatment, small occupied area and capability of producing organic fertilizers and insect feeds and improving economic benefits, and is particularly suitable for the requirement of regions such as villages and towns on the geographical scattered distribution of garbage treatment in a star-shaped distribution manner.
In the prior art, the fermentation treatment is carried out on the perishable garbage, and the defects of large occupied area, long period and low economic benefit are realized. The technology of the invention overcomes the defects of the prior composting technology and achieves the characteristics of high efficiency, small occupied area, environmental protection, high economic benefit and star-shaped scattered point distribution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a modular schematic.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of operating system control points.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a region star distribution.
The reference numbers in figure 1 are: perishable rubbish 1, 3~5 day old heisui river horsefly larva 2, perishable rubbish after the preliminary treatment 3, insect material mixture 4, windrow 5, organic compost product 6, squeeze sewage 7, filtration liquid 8, heisui river horsefly high age larva 9, sewage up to standard 10, feed product 11, heisui river horsefly adult 12, heisui river horsefly ovum 13.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described technical solution is a mode. Based on the mode of the technical scheme of the invention, the actual engineering cases made by ordinary persons in the field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a technology for treating perishable garbage in a modularized manner by utilizing hermetia illucens, which is characterized in that the hermetia illucens is utilized to comprehensively treat the perishable garbage, and the treatment process is modularized, the working condition control is systematized, and the treatment unit areas are distributed in a star shape.
The black soldier fly perishable garbage treatment process comprises a plurality of treatment processes, wherein the treatment processes are manufactured into modular units one by one, and each modular unit comprises a pretreatment unit, an insect treatment unit, an insect material separation unit, a stockpile retreatment unit, a sewage treatment unit, a pupa unit, an adult unit, a primary culture unit and a storage unit. As shown in fig. 1, the pretreatment unit, the worm treatment unit, the worm material separation unit, the stockpile retreatment unit, the retreatment unit and the sewage treatment unit relate to perishable garbage treatment, the units form a basic unit, the pupa unit, the adult unit, the primary culture unit and the storage unit relate to black soldier fly breeding and material storage, and the pupa unit, the adult unit, the primary culture unit and the storage unit are added on the basis of the basic unit to form a complete unit. In the invention, in consideration of the dispersibility characteristic of rural garbage treatment, a plurality of basic units and a complete unit are arranged in one region, and the hermetia illucens modular treatment units are distributed in a region star shape. As shown in fig. 3, the area star distribution is to select a complete unit with a larger occupation as a center and distribute a plurality of basic units in a radiating and scattered manner in the garbage disposal area. The complete unit comprises the functions of the basic unit, the functions of hermetia illucens breeding, material storage and the like, and the additional functions are operated only when necessary and do not need to be equipped in each basic unit. The black soldier fly breeding functional unit in the complete unit can provide 3~5 day old black soldier fly larvae for the basic unit of self and other basic units of dispersion and be used for perishable refuse treatment, and the produced fertilizer product of basic unit, worm feed product are collected and are stored in complete unit warehouse. The arrangement mode is particularly suitable for the demands of regions such as villages and towns on the geographical scattered distribution of garbage treatment, and can efficiently operate and reduce the cost input. When the area is large, the garbage disposal system with a plurality of areas distributed in a star shape can be arranged.
The operation of the units is described in detail below.
Any one basic unit comprises a pretreatment unit, an insect treatment unit, an insect material separation unit, a stockpile retreatment unit, an insect retreatment unit and a sewage treatment unit; the perishable garbage 3 pretreated in the pretreatment unit enters an insect treatment unit, and the squeezed sewage 7 generated by squeezing enters a sewage treatment unit; leachate 8 generated in the insect treatment unit enters a sewage treatment unit, and the insect material mixture 4 enters an insect material separation unit; and the stockpile 5 obtained by separation in the insect material separation unit enters a stockpile retreatment unit for aerobic composting, and the hermetia illucens high-age larvae 9 obtained by separation enter an insect retreatment unit.
The complete unit comprises the basic unit, a pupa unit, an adult unit, an initial culture unit and a storage unit. The hermetia illucens high-age larvae 9 in all the worm reprocessing units in the star distribution in each area are made into organic compost products 6 to enter the storage unit of the complete unit, but in consideration of breeding requirements, before the worm bodies are reprocessed in the reprocessing units, a part of the hermetia illucens high-age larvae is picked out and selected to serve as seed worms to enter the worm unit. Of course, the seed insects can be obtained from a specific insect reprocessing unit, or can be obtained from different insect reprocessing units and collected in the pupa unit. All the organic compost products 6 produced by all the composting units in the area star-like distribution also enter said storage unit. Adult insects obtained by hatching in the pupa units enter the adult unit, female insects in the adult unit lay eggs and enter the primary culture unit, hermetia illucens larvae in the primary culture unit are respectively conveyed to all the insect processing units in the region star-shaped distribution, and the hermetia illucens larvae are supplemented and updated for each insect processing unit.
In addition, considering the temperature and humidity regulation and control requirements of different units, a matched working condition control system needs to be arranged, and comprises a temperature control system, a moisture discharging system, an aeration system, an odor treatment system and the like. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a temperature control system, a moisture removal system and an odor treatment system are arranged in each insect treatment unit, and a temperature control system, a moisture removal system, an aeration system and an odor treatment system are arranged in each stockpile reprocessing unit; and a temperature control system is arranged in each pupa unit, the adult unit and the primary culture unit. The temperature control system is used for adjusting the temperature in the unit; the dehumidifying system is used for adjusting the humidity in the unit and dehumidifying the air; the aeration system is used for introducing air into the unit; and the odor treatment system is used for treating and deodorizing the unit tail gas. The specific equipment of each working condition control system can be selectively adjusted according to the requirement.
Each unit is described in detail below.
In the pretreatment unit, the perishable garbage 1 collected through primary classification is firstly subjected to pretreatment by a pretreatment unit through sorting, crushing and squeezing procedures, so that impurities such as plastics, stones and metals in the garbage are removed, the moisture is reduced to 60-80%, the garbage is crushed to a particle size smaller than 15mm, and the subsequent treatment is facilitated.
In the insect treatment unit, the specific operation is that black soldier fly larvae 2 with the length of 7-11 mm are fed in a large amount by utilizing the black soldier fly larval stage, the pretreated perishable garbage 3 is subjected to primary treatment, the volume, the quality and the water content of the garbage are reduced rapidly and efficiently, the subsequent treatment is facilitated, and the high-age black soldier fly larvae 9 with the length of more than 18mm are obtained.
In the insect material separation unit, the specific operation is that the garbage and the insect mixed stockpile 4 which are primarily treated are separated in the insect treatment unit, the physical properties of the insect materials are different, and the garbage and the insect mixed stockpile are separated by means of mechanical separation, insect light-shielding property, heat-shielding property separation and the like to be divided into stockpiles 5 and black soldier fly high-age larvae 9 for subsequent treatment.
In the compost reprocessing unit, the specific operation is that aeration temperature control aerobic composting is carried out on the separated compost 5 for further decomposition and ripening, and a compost product 6 meeting the NY 525-plus 2012 standard and the replacement standard organic fertilizer standard thereof is prepared after the decomposition is finished.
In the worm reprocessing unit, the specific operation is that the separated high-age hermetia illucens larvae 9 larger than 18mm are reprocessed into the feed product 11 meeting GB 13078-.
In the sewage treatment unit, the specific operation is that the squeezed sewage 7 generated by the pretreatment unit and the percolate 8 generated by the insect treatment unit in the treatment process are collected together, anaerobic/aerobic fermentation is utilized for sewage treatment, and the sewage 10 reaching the standard is discharged after reaching the nano-net standard.
The storage unit is used for storing the feed products 11 and the compost products 6 and can adopt a box body, a warehouse and the like.
The pupa unit is divided into two partial areas, wherein one partial area is used as a pupa storage area and is kept at a low temperature; the other part is used as pupa hatching area and should be kept at high hatching temperature. In a conventional state, pupae are stored in a pupae storage area, when the hermetia illucens larvae become high-age hermetia illucens larvae 9 in a certain basic unit in the star distribution of the area, new hermetia illucens larvae need to be replaced, and at the moment, part of pupae needs to be taken out for hatching and then updated.
In the adult unit, hermetia illucens male and female adults can lay eggs after mating, and eggs can be collected in a centralized manner.
And (3) hatching the hermetia illucens in the primary culture unit, and feeding the hatched hermetia illucens with feed until 3-5 days old hermetia illucens larvae are obtained.
In the temperature control system, the specific operation is that the temperature of the worm processing unit, the adult unit and the initial culture unit is controlled between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃, the temperature of the pupa storage part in the pupa unit is controlled between 0 ℃ and 10 ℃, and the temperature of the pupa incubation part is controlled between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃.
The dehumidifying system is specifically operated to control the ambient air humidity of the insect processing unit, keep the relative humidity between 40% and 70%, and control the ambient air humidity of the stockpile reprocessing unit to be kept below 50%.
In the odor treatment system, the specific operation is that the odor generated by the insect treatment unit and the stockpiling retreatment unit is subjected to harmless treatment after being collected uniformly.
In the aeration system, the operation is specifically that the windrow retreatment system is aerated, and air is blown in to ensure that the windrow is in an aerobic composting state.
Based on the device, the method for treating the perishable garbage by using the device comprises the following steps:
firstly, the following processing is carried out in all the basic units distributed in a star shape in the area:
1) the method comprises the following steps that perishable garbage 1 collected in a unified mode firstly enters a pretreatment unit, and is pretreated through sorting, crushing and squeezing processes, and non-perishable impurities in the garbage are removed, so that the moisture of the garbage is reduced, and the garbage is fragmented to facilitate subsequent treatment; the pretreated perishable garbage 3 enters an insect treatment unit, and the squeezed sewage 7 generated by squeezing enters a sewage treatment unit;
2) adding 3-5 days old black soldier fly larvae 2 into the insect treatment unit, performing primary treatment on the garbage by using feed of the black soldier fly larvae, reducing the volume, the mass and the water content of the garbage, and enabling leachate 8 generated in the treatment process to enter the sewage treatment unit; obtaining an insect material mixture 4 after the treatment, separating the insect material mixture 4 in an insect material separation unit, separating the separated stockpile 5 in a stockpile reprocessing unit, separating the black soldier fly high-age larvae 9 in a reprocessing unit,
3) in the compost reprocessing unit, ventilating and controlling the temperature of the separated compost 5 for further rotting and curing, and preparing an organic compost product 6 after rotting and curing;
4) in the reprocessing unit, selecting part of the larvae 9 of the hermetia illucens obtained by separation, feeding the selected larvae into a pupa unit, and reprocessing the rest of the larvae 9 of the hermetia illucens to prepare a feed product 11;
5) in the sewage treatment unit, uniformly collecting the squeezed sewage 7 generated by the pretreatment unit and the percolate 8 generated in the treatment process of the insect treatment unit, performing sewage treatment by using a biological method, and discharging the sewage reaching the standard 10;
of course, when a part of the basic units have faults or the garbage amount is insufficient, the use can be suspended, and all the basic units are not necessarily required to be operated simultaneously.
In the complete unit, collecting materials obtained by all basic units which belong to the same region and are distributed in a star shape, storing and breeding hermetia illucens, and the steps are as follows:
6) firstly, storing the selected seed worms in the reprocessing unit in a pupa unit at a low temperature, taking part of pupae for hatching when 3-5 days of black soldier fly larvae 2 need to be added into any basic unit which belongs to the same region and is distributed in a star shape, and enabling the hatched black soldier fly adults 12 to enter an adult unit;
7) in the adult unit, mating hermetia illucens male and female adults, inducing the female insects to lay eggs, and collecting the obtained hermetia illucens eggs 13 to enter a primary culture unit;
8) and (3) hatching the hermetia illucens eggs in a primary culture unit, culturing for 3-5 days at 25-35 ℃ by using feed to obtain larvae of 7-11 mm, and putting the larvae of the hermetia illucens 2 of 3-5 days into an insect treatment unit of a basic unit needing to renew the insect bodies.
In addition, in the operation process, the specific control points for the working condition control required by each unit are as follows:
1. the temperature control system is specifically operated in such a way that the temperature of the worm processing unit, the adult unit and the initial culture unit is controlled to be between 25 and 35 ℃, the temperature of the pupa unit and the pupa storage part is controlled to be between 0 and 5 ℃, and the pupa incubation temperature is controlled to be between 25 and 35 ℃.
2. The odor treatment system is specifically operated to carry out harmless treatment after uniformly collecting the odors generated by the insect treatment unit and the stockpiling retreatment unit.
3. The dehumidifying system is specifically operated to control the ambient air humidity of the insect processing unit and keep the relative humidity between 40% and 70%. And controlling the ambient air humidity of the stockpile retreatment unit to be kept below 50%.
4. The aeration system is specifically operated by aerating the stockpile reprocessing system and blowing air into the stockpile reprocessing system to enable the stockpile to be in an aerobic composting state.
For how to allocate the basic units and the complete units to be distributed in the geographic space, the invention adopts the region star distribution, and takes the complete unit with larger occupied area as the center, and a plurality of basic units are distributed in the region star. The complete unit provides 3~5 days old heisui river horsefly larva 2 for self and basic unit and is used for perishable refuse treatment. Organic fertilizer products 6 and insect feed products 11 generated by the basic unit are collected and stored in a complete unit warehouse. The modularized treatment is carried out to reasonably separate and coexist the garbage treatment and the breeding of the hermetia illucens, so that the management efficiency and the treatment efficiency are improved. The technology utilizes the black soldier flies to rapidly and preliminarily treat perishable garbage, so that the composting efficiency can be improved, the occupied area of the compost is reduced, and insect feed products can be obtained, thereby meeting the requirement of regions such as villages and towns on the geographical scattered distribution of garbage treatment.
Claims (1)
1. A method for treating perishable garbage by using a hermetia illucens modular treatment device is characterized in that in the device, hermetia illucens modular treatment units are distributed in a region star-shaped manner, the region star-shaped distribution takes a complete unit as a center, and a plurality of basic units are distributed in a garbage treatment region in a radial scattered point manner;
the basic unit comprises a pretreatment unit, an insect treatment unit, an insect material separation unit, a stockpile retreatment unit, an insect retreatment unit and a sewage treatment unit; the perishable garbage (3) pretreated in the pretreatment unit enters an insect treatment unit, and the squeezed sewage (7) generated by squeezing enters a sewage treatment unit; leachate (8) generated in the insect treatment unit enters a sewage treatment unit, and an insect material mixture (4) enters an insect material separation unit; the stockpile (5) obtained by separation in the insect material separation unit enters a stockpile retreatment unit for aerobic composting, and the black soldier fly high-age larvae (9) obtained by separation enter an insect retreatment unit;
the complete unit comprises the basic unit, a pupa unit, an adult unit, a primary culture unit and a storage unit; in all the worm reprocessing units in the region star distribution, part of the high-age hermetia illucens larvae (9) enter the pupa units as breeding worms, and the rest high-age hermetia illucens larvae (9) are all prepared into feed products (11) and then enter the storage units; all the organic compost products (6) produced by all the composting reprocessing units in said regional star also enter said storage unit; adult insects obtained by hatching in the pupa units enter the adult unit, female insects in the adult unit lay eggs and enter the primary culture unit, and hermetia illucens larvae obtained in the primary culture unit are respectively conveyed to all the insect processing units in the star-shaped distribution in the region;
the insect treatment unit is internally provided with a temperature control system, a moisture exhaust system and an odor treatment system, and the stockpile retreatment unit is internally provided with a temperature control system, a moisture exhaust system, an aeration system and an odor treatment system; temperature control systems are arranged in the pupa unit, the adult unit and the primary culture unit;
the method for treating the perishable garbage by using the device comprises the following steps:
firstly, the following processing is carried out in all the basic units distributed in a star shape in the area:
1) the method comprises the following steps that perishable garbage (1) collected in a unified mode firstly enters a pretreatment unit, and is pretreated through sorting, crushing and squeezing procedures to remove non-rotten impurities in the garbage, so that the moisture of the garbage is reduced, and the garbage is fragmented to facilitate subsequent treatment; the pretreated perishable garbage (3) enters an insect treatment unit, and squeezed sewage (7) generated by squeezing enters a sewage treatment unit;
2) feeding 4-5 days old black soldier fly larvae (2) into the pest treatment unit, performing primary treatment on the garbage by using feed of the black soldier fly larvae, reducing the volume, the mass and the water content of the garbage, and enabling leachate (8) generated in the treatment process to enter the sewage treatment unit; obtaining an insect material mixture (4) after the treatment is finished, separating the insect material mixture (4) in an insect material separation unit, separating the stockpile (5) obtained by separation in a stockpile reprocessing unit, and separating the black soldier fly high-age larvae (9) obtained by separation in an insect reprocessing unit;
3) in the compost reprocessing unit, ventilating, controlling the temperature and further decomposing and curing the separated compost (5) to prepare an organic compost product (6) after decomposing and curing;
4) in the worm reprocessing unit, selecting part of the breeding worms from the separated high-age hermetia illucens larvae (9), entering the pupa unit, and reprocessing the rest high-age hermetia illucens larvae (9) to prepare a feed product (11);
5) in the sewage treatment unit, the squeezed sewage (7) generated by the pretreatment unit and the percolate (8) in the treatment process of the insect treatment unit are collected together, sewage treatment is carried out by using a biological method, and the sewage (10) reaching the standard is discharged;
in the complete unit, collecting materials obtained by all basic units which belong to the same region and are distributed in a star shape, storing and breeding hermetia illucens, and the method comprises the following steps:
6) firstly, storing the selected seed worms in the worm reprocessing unit at a low temperature in a pupa unit, taking part of pupa for hatching when 4-5 days of hermetia illucens larvae (2) need to be added to any basic unit which belongs to the same region as the complete unit and is distributed in a star shape, and enabling hatched adults to enter an adult unit;
7) in the adult unit, mating hermetia illucens male and female adults, inducing the female to lay eggs, and collecting the obtained eggs to enter a primary culture unit;
8) hatching the hermetia illucens eggs in a primary culture unit, culturing for 3-5 days at 25-35 ℃ by using feed to obtain larvae of 7-11 mm, and putting 4-5-day-old hermetia illucens larvae (2) into an insect treatment unit of a basic unit;
in the pretreatment unit, the perishable garbage (1) is subjected to sorting, crushing and squeezing processes, so that impurities which cannot be rotten in the garbage are removed, the water content is reduced to 60-80%, and the particle size is crushed to be less than 15 mm;
the black soldier fly larvae (2) with the age of 4-5 days and the length of 7-11 mm are added into the insect treatment unit, the black soldier fly larvae (2) are used for feeding the pretreated perishable garbage (3), and black soldier fly high-age larvae (9) with the length of more than 18mm are obtained;
in the insect material separation unit, an insect material mixture (4) formed by mixing garbage and insects is separated and divided into stockpiles (5) and black soldier fly high-age larvae (9);
the pupa unit is divided into two parts, one part is used for storing pupas, and the other part is used for hatching pupas;
the temperature control system controls the temperature of the worm processing unit, the adult unit and the preliminary culture unit to be between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃, controls the temperature of a pupa storage part in the pupa unit to be between 0 ℃ and 10 ℃, and controls the temperature of a pupa incubation part to be between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃;
the dehumidifying system controls the ambient air humidity of the insect processing unit and keeps the relative humidity between 40% and 70%; controlling the ambient air humidity of the stockpile reprocessing unit, and keeping the relative humidity below 50%;
the aeration system aerates the stockpile retreatment unit and blows air to ensure that the stockpile is in an aerobic composting state.
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| CN112243956A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-22 | 北京弘控生态环境有限公司 | Method for treating perishable landfill leachate by using hermetia illucens |
| CN113057145B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-06-20 | 浙江科技学院 | Energy-saving and environment-friendly fully-closed hermetia illucens automatic breeding method |
| CN113142144B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-09-27 | 广东省广进农业环保科技有限公司 | Black soldier fly breeding method |
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