CN110721980A

CN110721980A - Ecological chain comprehensive treatment method for kitchen waste

Info

Publication number: CN110721980A
Application number: CN201911003866.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程桂石; 赵莹; 张成博; 杨伟宇
Original assignee: North China Electric Power University
Current assignee: North China Electric Power University
Priority date: 2019-10-22
Filing date: 2019-10-22
Publication date: 2020-01-24

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological chain comprehensive treatment method for kitchen waste, and relates to the field of waste treatment. The invention comprises the following steps: pretreating kitchen waste; first-stage multiple biological digestion of pretreated kitchen waste; the kitchen waste and the residual kitchen waste obtained after treatment are removed by anaerobic composting. The cockroach and earthworm which exceed the bearing capacity of the ecosystem can be fed to secondary consumers such as chickens, toads and the like. The dead carcasses of eggs, chickens and toads can be simply processed to produce protein particles or used for the biological reproduction of carnivorous fur animals.

Description

Ecological chain comprehensive treatment method for kitchen waste

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to an ecological chain kitchen garbage digestion process, which utilizes an ecological chain to treat kitchen garbage.

Background

At present, the mode of treating organic corrosion-prone garbage such as kitchen waste mainly comprises: crushing, direct discharging, landfill treatment, fertilizer treatment and energy treatment.

The inventor finds in research that at least the following disadvantages exist in the traditional kitchen waste treatment and single biological treatment process:

the crushing direct discharge treatment has the defects that:

firstly, the urban sewage treatment burden is increased by crushing and direct discharging;

secondly, a large amount of mosquitoes and germs are easy to breed, so that diseases are spread;

thirdly, resources which can be recycled in the kitchen waste are wasted;

the landfill treatment has the defects that:

firstly, due to the high water content of the kitchen waste, the landfill cost is higher than that of common waste;

secondly, penetrating fluid generated in the kitchen waste landfill pollutes underground water to cause secondary pollution;

the disadvantages of fertilizer treatment are as follows:

firstly, a large amount of auxiliary materials are required to be added for composting the kitchen waste, the required composting site is large, the treatment period is long, and the composting cost is too high, so that the income of the method for treating the kitchen waste by composting in the market is very low;

secondly, the kitchen waste is not suitable for the growth of microorganisms due to high salinity and high water content;

the energy treatment has the following defects:

the incineration treatment method has high operation cost and can generate air pollution;

biological treatment method:

firstly, the problem of single biological treatment is that the kitchen waste is not thoroughly treated, and a plurality of waste residues which cannot be treated exist;

secondly, single biological species have corresponding defects, for example, the pathogenic bacteria carried by cockroaches and the larvae of hermetia illucens and other insects can be used for cleaning the kitchen waste only in the larval stage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process to overcome the defects of the traditional kitchen waste treatment method;

the embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:

based on the above purpose, the invention provides an ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process, which comprises the following steps:

in a pretreatment area (4), pretreating the kitchen waste;

transferring the pretreated garbage to a pretreated garbage throwing area (10) through a crane (9), and throwing the pretreated kitchen garbage as feed to be digested and decomposed by a biological chain;

carrying out secondary treatment on residual residues obtained after the biological digestion of the pretreated kitchen waste in a kitchen waste residue treatment area (8);

respectively breeding biological species in a cockroach and earthworm breeding area (1), a chicken and toad breeding area (3) and a carnivorous fur animal breeding area (5);

in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pre-treating the kitchen waste comprises: dehydrating the kitchen waste, and crushing the dehydrated kitchen waste;

in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water content of the pretreated kitchen waste is 15% -75%, and the maximum particle size of the kitchen waste is less than 3 ~ 4 cm;

in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the kitchen waste is subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain a coarse animal feed;

in a preferred embodiment of the invention, said biodigestion comprises the breeding of cockroaches, earthworms, chickens, toads, carnivorous fur animals;

in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the garbage treatment is carried out in a closed way in a remote factory;

in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the kitchen waste is digested by cockroach and earthworm and the like, then the kitchen waste is fed by the cockroach and earthworm and the like, and then the chicken and the toad are used for breeding carnivorous fur animals;

in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a breeding workshop is arranged for breeding the biological population of the digested kitchen waste, and upper-layer consumers are raised in a closed factory;

based on the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention also provides an ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process, which comprises the following steps:

in a pretreatment area (4), pretreating the kitchen waste;

in conclusion, the embodiment of the invention provides an ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process, which combines biological digestion with subsequent ecological treatment of a decomposer, so that the kitchen waste treatment effect is good, and the obtained final product has high added value.

At present, the domestic garbage is fine in classification category, high in cost and poor in sorting effect, most of sorted garbage is still mixed garbage, the treatment is inconvenient, the recycling rate is reduced, and the added value of the final product is low.

In view of the above, the inventor designs an ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process, the treatment process combines biological digestion and biological cultivation, the treatment effect of the kitchen waste is good, and the obtained final product has high added value.

The adoption of the ecological chain to digest the kitchen waste in the embodiment has at least the following advantages:

firstly, the organic perishable garbage is firstly transformed by utilizing cockroaches, earthworms and the like, and the organic perishable garbage such as kitchens and the like is firstly subjected to biological digestion.

Secondly, pathogenic factors carried by cockroaches, and harmful substances such as pathogens, heavy metals and the like contained in the garbage, part of the pathogens can be inactivated by the earthworms, and the rest are gradually transferred to the top layer of the food chain through the ecological chain, so that the enrichment effect of the harmful substances is achieved, and the treatment is convenient.

Thirdly, the occupied land can be greatly improved along with the prolonging of the garbage disposal time.

And fourthly, the problem of environmental pollution is solved, the occupied area is a wasteless unmanned area, and the kitchen waste can be treated on a large scale only by slightly refitting to create an environment suitable for the living of the organisms.

Fifthly, the cost of the whole garbage disposal process is very low, only manual fine regulation and control are needed in the whole process, and garbage feed is thrown in periodically.

And sixthly, the bred carnivorous fur beasts have higher profit value.

And seventh, the prepared protein feed is easy to store.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ecological chain comprehensive treatment plant area for kitchen waste provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[ Main plant symbol description ]

1-cockroach and earthworm feeding area, 2-ditch, 3-chicken and toad feeding area, 4-kitchen waste pretreatment area, 5-carnivorous fur animal feeding area, 6-enclosing wall, 7-enclosing wall, 8-kitchen waste residue treatment area, 9-crane, 10-pretreatment kitchen waste feeding area, 11-protein feed manufacturing area

FIG. 2 brief plant planning of protein feed manufacturing area

12-raw material drying zone, 13-dry material crushing zone, 14-fluidized bed granulation zone

FIG. 3 brief plant planning for kitchen waste pretreatment

15-a kitchen waste dehydration area, 16-a kitchen waste crushing area and 17-a pre-treatment kitchen waste stacking area.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Aiming at the problem of the existing kitchen waste treatment, the embodiment provides an ecological chain treatment method of the kitchen waste as shown in figure 1, which comprises the steps of dehydrating the kitchen waste in a kitchen waste dehydration area (15) in a pretreatment area (4), preparing the kitchen waste into coarse components with the maximum particle size of less than 3 ~ 4cm in a kitchen waste crushing area (16), stacking the pretreated kitchen waste in a pretreatment kitchen waste stacking area (17), transferring the pretreated kitchen waste to a pretreatment waste putting area (10) through a crane (9), and putting the pretreated kitchen waste serving as feed into a biological digestion and decomposition area such as cockroaches, earthworms and the like;

after the pretreated kitchen waste is subjected to biological digestion, residual residues are collected by a manual method and then stacked in a kitchen waste residue treatment area (8) for secondary treatment;

the cockroach and earthworm exceeding the predetermined amount are fed to the chicken and toad preferentially, and the rest is made into protein feed in the protein feed producing area (11). And feeding chicken and toad in excess of the determined amount to carnivorous fur animals.

The protein feed preparation process comprises the steps of drying raw materials in a raw material drying area (12), crushing the raw materials in a dry material crushing area (13), and finally granulating in a fluidized bed granulating area (14) by utilizing a fluidized bed.

The chicken and toad can be used as secondary consumers in the ecological chain and can be replaced by other organisms with the same habit.

The carnivorous fur animal can be selected from fox, mink water, otter, etc.

The protein feed can be stored in cockroaches and earthworms when the number of the cockroaches and earthworms is less than the set number, and can be used as a substitute for feeding chickens and toads to play a role in regulating the ecological chain. Meanwhile, the biological feed can also be used as a commodity for sale.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the positional relationships among the terms are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced components or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

For the embodiments of the present invention, the common general knowledge of the known specific structures and characteristics in the schemes is not described too much; the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, technical features related to the embodiments can be combined with each other on the premise of not conflicting with each other, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

The embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in an effort to provide an illustration of the invention, and have been chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. It will be apparent that the preferred embodiment has not been described in detail and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiment described, but that modifications and adaptations may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention described herein and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A biological chain kitchen waste digestion process is characterized in that the ecological chain utilization process is as follows: in a pretreatment area (4), pretreating the kitchen waste; transferring the pretreated garbage to a pretreated garbage throwing area (10) through a crane (9), and throwing the pretreated kitchen garbage as feed to be digested and decomposed by a biological chain; carrying out secondary treatment on residual residues obtained after the biological digestion of the pretreated kitchen waste in a kitchen waste residue treatment area (8); biological species are bred in a cockroach and earthworm breeding area (1), a chicken and toad breeding area (3) and a carnivorous fur animal breeding area (5) respectively.

2. The ecological chain waste digestion process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the kitchen waste pretreatment comprises the following steps: smashing the kitchen waste until the kitchen waste is in a slurry state, and carrying out solid-liquid separation and oil-water separation on the smashed kitchen waste.

3. The ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process according to claim 2, characterized in that the water content of the kitchen waste after pretreatment is 15% -75%, and the maximum particle size in the kitchen waste is less than 3 ~ 4 cm.

4. The ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the enclosure wall (6), the water channel (2) and the enclosure wall (7) are used for preventing the escape of organisms.

5. The ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biological digestion comprises the joint culture of earthworms, cockroaches, chickens, toads and carnivorous fur animals.

6. The ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process according to claim 5, characterized in that: and (3) breeding the earthworm population in an area (1) needing soil environment improvement.

7. The ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process according to claim 6, characterized in that: improving the surrounding soil environment, and establishing a semi-independent ecological system which depends on the manual feed delivery and manually adjusts the number of each biological population.

8. The ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process according to claim 7, characterized in that: the kitchen waste which is pretreated is taken as feed by manual nursing and regular feeding, and earthworms and cockroaches exceeding a set quantity are fed to chickens and toads regularly or are prepared into protein feed in a protein feed preparation area (11); meanwhile, more than a predetermined amount of chickens and toads are fed to the carnivorous fur animals.

9. The ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process according to claim 8, characterized in that: the set quantity of each biological population is locked under the maximum population quantity of each species according to objective conditions such as the garbage treatment capacity of a factory area, the size of the factory area and the like, so that the collapse of an ecological chain is avoided.

10. The ecological chain kitchen waste digestion process according to claim 8, characterized in that: homologous contamination within the biological population is avoided.