CN111838079A - Method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste - Google Patents
Method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111838079A CN111838079A CN202010732549.5A CN202010732549A CN111838079A CN 111838079 A CN111838079 A CN 111838079A CN 202010732549 A CN202010732549 A CN 202010732549A CN 111838079 A CN111838079 A CN 111838079A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste, and belongs to the technical field of waste treatment and biological environmental protection. The method comprises the steps of preparing propagation type feed and screening type feed, steaming at high temperature for sterilization, granulating, propagating and breeding the cockroaches in a container, adding ethyl methanesulfonate solution when the number of the cockroaches reaches a certain density, fully screening resistant strains by a one-step method and a gradient method, obtaining the resistant cockroach strains, carrying out mixed feeding, mating, stabilizing and purifying, and screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strains with strong reproductive capacity. The invention reduces the content of toxic components by the composite treatment of a plurality of digestive enzymes and microorganisms in the digestive tract of the cockroach, and is beneficial to the smooth development of anaerobic bacteria fermentation in the next step. In addition, cockroach eggs, larvae and imagoes can be effectively killed through deep burying and anaerobic fermentation, and disordered diffusion of the cockroaches caused by production and transportation of kitchen waste biofertilizer is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment and biological environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste.
Background
The middle-upstream area of Yangtze river in China includes Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and other areas, the characteristic that the taste of the food is greasy and spicy due to climate and geographical factors is formed, animal and vegetable oil, hot pepper, scallion pepper and broad bean paste are important seasonings for people in the area, and the animal and vegetable oil, pepper and scallion pepper in the kitchen waste in the corresponding area, particularly the kitchen waste of chafing dish, spicy hot pot, crayfish and barbecue store are high in content.
At present, the common treatment scheme of the kitchen waste mainly comprises the following steps: landfill, composting, incineration and feed treatment. The kitchen waste is used as the feed, and the cockroach is used for treating the kitchen waste, so that the waste treatment cost can be reduced, waste can be changed into valuable, the bio-organic fertilizer, the feed protein, the chitin and the antibacterial peptide can be produced at low cost, and the method has high economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit. However, the spicy kitchen waste contains high contents of animal and vegetable oil, pepper, scallion and pepper, and the like, and contains a large amount of components such as capsaicin, pepper toxin, alkaloid, volatile oil and the like, so that the growth and development of cockroaches are obviously inhibited, and the current cockroaches cannot treat the spicy kitchen waste with high concentration, so that the application of the cockroaches in the kitchen waste treatment work is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing feed and preparing granules;
step 2, propagating and culturing cockroaches;
step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches;
and 4, strain stabilization and purification.
Further, the feed in the step 1 comprises a propagation type feed and a screening type feed;
the propagation type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: mixing 10-15 parts of bean cake powder, 20-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of bran powder, 10-20 parts of rice bran powder and 10-15 parts of water; the propagation type feed is a basic feed for expanding culture of the cockroaches, cheap bean cake powder, corn powder, bran powder and rice bran powder are widely used for feeding the cockroaches, propagation and passage of the cockroach strains can be finished, and meanwhile, production cost can be reduced.
The screening type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1-50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, and 10-15 parts of charcoal particles, 10-15 parts of bean cake powder, 20-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of bran powder and 10-20 parts of rice bran powder are mixed; the spicy kitchen waste is added to the screened feed on the basis of the propagation type, and in order to avoid the problem that the addition of a large amount of grease causes the adhesion of particles and the difficulty in granulation and forming, cheap charcoal particles are added to the feed to assist the forming of feed particles.
The spicy kitchen waste is kitchen waste of chafing dish, spicy hot pot, crawfish and barbecue, and is subjected to standing layering and centrifugal dehydration to obtain upper-layer grease, standing precipitation, filtering and drying to obtain lower-layer food residues, and crushing the food residues to mix the upper-layer grease and the lower-layer food residues in equal weight. The kitchen waste contains a large amount of water, in order to avoid excessive water doped in the feed to cause mildew and rot of the feed, the upper-layer grease with lower water content is obtained through standing layering and centrifugal dehydration, and the dry lower-layer food residue is obtained through standing precipitation, filtering and drying. The feed is simultaneously doped with the upper layer grease rich in lipophilic volatile matters such as capsaicin and secondary metabolites, and the lower layer food residues rich in insoluble compounds such as xanthotoxin, so that the screening of resistant strains with resistance to all components of spicy garbage is facilitated.
Still further, the method for preparing the feed and preparing the granules in the step 1 comprises the following steps: and (3) steaming and sterilizing the propagation type feed and the screening type feed at high temperature respectively, naturally cooling to room temperature, and granulating and molding in a feed particle molding machine. In order to avoid mildew and decay caused by fungi and bacteria carried in raw materials for preparing the feed, particularly pathogens possibly carried by spicy kitchen waste and causing diseases of people and livestock, the pathogens are killed by high-temperature cooking, so that the feed is clean, and the storage time is prolonged.
Furthermore, the temperature of high-temperature cooking sterilization is 105-121 ℃, the time of cooking sterilization is 20-30 min, and the diameter of the feed particles is 0.5-5 cm. The temperature of 105-121 ℃ is relatively thorough sterilization and disinfection temperature, and fungi and bacteria carried in raw materials for preparing the feed can be effectively killed at the temperature of 20-30 min.
Further, the method for propagating and breeding the cockroaches in the step 2 comprises the following steps: setting a hidden living environment in the box-shaped container and preventing cockroaches from escaping, placing expanded breeding type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, placing a water container on the other side of the box-shaped container, and placing water retention substances in the water container; the environment in the box-type container is then adjusted.
Still further, the method for regulating the environment in a box-type container is as follows: keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity at 30-70%, and carrying out illumination treatment for 12h and dark treatment for 12h in day and night illumination period; the length, the width and the height of the box-shaped container are 30-60 cm; the water-retaining substance is cotton or sponge. Adjust box container can provide comparatively suitable temperature, humidity and illumination cycle for the cockroach, when providing drinking water and humidity condition for the cockroach, can also avoid the cockroach to drown.
Further, in the step 3, the method for mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches comprises the following steps: when the number of the cockroaches reaches the density of 500-1000 cockroaches per box, placing a one-thousandth ethyl methanesulfonate solution in a water container; spraying ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth to the cockroach colony every 24 hours in a box-shaped container; replacing the expanded propagation type feed particles at the bottom of the box-shaped container with screening type feed particles; and then fully screening the resistant strain by a one-step method and a gradient method to obtain a resistant cockroach strain, carrying out mixed feeding and mating, screening the offspring by the one-step method and the gradient method respectively, and repeating for 5-10 times to obtain the resistant strain cockroach. The scheme can fully combine the advantages of efficiently screening the resistance genes by a one-step method and efficiently screening the resistance gene combination by a gradient method, and quickly screen out the target resistance strain.
Further, the one-step method is that 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts and 50 parts of screened feed are respectively put at the bottom of each box-type container, and the cockroach colony which can survive and passage for a long time is the one-step method resistant cockroach;
the gradient method is characterized in that the one-step method screening feed is replaced by the propagation-expanding feed after the one-step method is completed, if the cockroach colony can survive and passage for a long time, the new screening feed is further replaced, the content of spicy kitchen waste is increased by 2-5 parts while the feed is replaced every time, and the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration at which the cockroach can normally survive and propagate. In order to avoid that the content of the spicy kitchen waste is increased too fast to cause excessive death of cockroaches and block mutual gene exchange and recombination of resistant strains, the method increases the content of the spicy kitchen waste by 2-5 parts while changing the feed every time, so that cockroach groups gradually generate resistance to the spicy waste, and the success rate of screening the resistant strains is increased.
Further, the method for stabilizing and purifying the strain in the step 4 comprises the following steps: single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of a resistant strain, breeding in a screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, selecting offspring of the cockroaches which are strong and flexible in response, continuing single-head pairing, and continuing propagation for more than ten generations in the screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste; and (3) screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive capacity by recording and comparing the generation number of the surviving cockroaches. In order to reduce and avoid strain deterioration caused by insufficient genotype purity of the strain to be resistant and in the subsequent strain propagation and garbage disposal processes, the method adopts a scheme of multi-round single-head pairing, so that the resistant cockroach strain which is highly purified, has completely consistent progeny genotype and strong reproductive capacity is screened out.
A method for treating spicy kitchen waste by using the cockroach according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: garbage pretreatment: collecting spicy kitchen waste, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles into each part of spicy kitchen waste, adding 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stirring, mixing, extruding, granulating and molding; the pretreated garbage is flatly laid in square discs, the square discs are arranged on a rack in a stacking mode, a gauze is arranged on the periphery of the rack to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is arranged on the gauze to facilitate entering and exiting; inoculating the resistant strain cockroach to the pretreated garbage for feeding and breeding, wherein the breeding conditions are that the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-70%, the day and night illumination period is 12h of illumination treatment, and 12h of dark treatment; after the garbage is treated, new garbage is added for continuous treatment, or the square tray is completely taken out, most of cockroaches are repelled by oscillation in the taking-out process, and residual individual cockroaches in the square tray are killed by a deep burying method; adding anaerobic fermentation composite strains into spicy garbage after the cockroach treatment, deeply burying, and digging out the garbage after the garbage is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 10-30 days after the cockroach treatment to obtain a finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptide. The rubbish that finishes is handled through the cockroach, and inevitable contains cockroach ovum and a small amount of live body cockroaches, for avoiding causing the unordered diffusion of cockroach at the above-mentioned rubbish in-process of resource utilization, this scheme provides the low-cost scheme of burying deeply, buries deeply through rubbish and combines anaerobic fermentation, when further decomposing kitchen garbage, kills cockroach ovum and live body cockroach completely.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the offspring screened by the one-step method is mainly the mutation of a single strong resistance gene, while the offspring screened by the multi-step method has the possibility of multiple weak resistance gene compound mutations. On the basis of ethyl methanesulfonate artificial mutagenesis, the advantages of a one-step method and a multi-step method are comprehensively utilized, and the high-resistance cockroach strain can be screened out more quickly;
in order to realize the resistance to toxic substances, the resistant strain insects usually need to consume energy and express detoxification proteins/enzymes at high dose, so that the ecological adaptability and reproductive capacity of the resistant strain insects are reduced, and the high-efficiency treatment of the kitchen waste is not facilitated. According to the invention, through a scheme of single-head pairing of individual male and female cockroaches while screening by a one-step method and a multi-step method, a resistant strain which is strong in body, sensitive in movement and strong in reproductive capacity is further screened under the condition of pungent kitchen waste selection pressure, and the breeding speed of the resistant strain cockroaches can be effectively improved.
The spicy kitchen waste contains more water and is often in a liquid state, the cockroach is easy to drown in the process of taking food, the spicy kitchen waste is made into a solid feed by adding cheap charcoal particles, bran powder, rice bran powder and other materials, the solid feed is convenient for the cockroach to take food, and meanwhile, the charcoal particles are good matrixes of organic fertilizers and are beneficial to improving the supporting force, the water retention capacity and the ventilation performance of the organic fertilizers.
The spicy kitchen waste contains a large amount of toxic components such as capsaicin, xanthotoxin, alkaloid, volatile oil and the like, and the direct fermentation can have an obvious inhibition effect on the growth of anaerobic bacteria. The invention reduces the content of toxic components by the composite treatment of a plurality of digestive enzymes and microorganisms in the digestive tract of the cockroach, and is beneficial to the smooth development of anaerobic bacteria fermentation in the next step.
In addition, cockroach eggs, larvae and imagoes can be effectively killed through deep burying and anaerobic fermentation, and disordered diffusion of the cockroaches caused by production and transportation of kitchen waste biofertilizer is avoided.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing feed and preparing granules;
the propagation type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: mixing 10 parts of bean cake powder, 20 parts of corn powder, 15 parts of bran powder, 10 parts of rice bran powder and 10 parts of water;
the screened feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1 part of spicy kitchen waste, and 10 parts of charcoal particles, 10 parts of bean cake powder, 20 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of bran powder and 10 parts of rice bran powder are mixed;
the spicy kitchen waste is kitchen waste of chafing dishes, spicy saucers, crayfish and barbecue shops, and is prepared by firstly carrying out standing layering and centrifugal dehydration on the kitchen waste to obtain upper-layer grease, then carrying out standing layering, centrifugal dehydration and drying on the kitchen waste to obtain lower-layer food residues, and finally mixing the upper-layer grease and the lower-layer food residues in equal weight.
Boiling the propagation type feed and the screening type feed at 100 deg.C respectively, sterilizing for 30min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and granulating in a feed granule forming machine to obtain feed granules with diameter of 0.5 cm.
Step 2, propagating and culturing cockroaches; setting a hidden living environment in a box-shaped container with the length, width and height of 30cm, preventing cockroaches from escaping, placing expanded breeding type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, placing a water container on the other side of the box-shaped container, and placing water-retaining substances, namely cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjusting the environment in the box-type container, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, the relative humidity at 30%, and the day and night illumination period at 12h for illumination treatment and 12h for dark treatment.
Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of the cockroaches reaches the density of 500 cockroaches per box, placing a one-thousandth ethyl methanesulfonate solution in a water container; spraying ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth to the cockroach colony every 24 hours in a box-shaped container; replacing the expanded propagation type feed particles at the bottom of the box-shaped container with screening type feed particles; and then fully screening the resistant strain by a one-step method and a gradient method to obtain a resistant cockroach strain, carrying out mixed feeding and mating, screening the offspring by the one-step method and the gradient method respectively, and repeating for 5 times to obtain the resistant strain cockroach.
The one-step method is that 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts and 50 parts of screened feed are respectively put at the bottom of each box-type container, and the cockroach colony which can survive and passage for a long time is the one-step method resistant cockroach;
the gradient method is characterized in that the one-step method screening feed is replaced by the propagation type feed after the one-step method is completed, if the cockroach colony can survive and passage for a long time, the new screening feed is further replaced, the content of spicy kitchen waste is increased by 2 parts while the feed is replaced every time, and the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration at which the cockroach can normally survive and propagate.
And 4, strain stabilization and purification: single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of a resistant strain, breeding in a screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, selecting offspring of the cockroaches which are strong and flexible in response, continuing single-head pairing, and continuing propagation for more than ten generations in the screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste; and (3) screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive capacity by recording and comparing the generation number of the surviving cockroaches.
A method for treating spicy kitchen waste by using cockroaches comprises the following steps:
garbage pretreatment: collecting spicy kitchen waste, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles into each part of spicy kitchen waste, adding 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stirring, mixing, extruding, granulating and molding; the pretreated garbage is flatly laid in square discs, the square discs are arranged on a rack in a stacking mode, a gauze is arranged on the periphery of the rack to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is arranged on the gauze to facilitate entering and exiting; inoculating the resistant strain cockroach to the pretreated garbage for feeding and breeding, wherein the breeding conditions are that the temperature is kept at 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 30%, the day and night illumination period is 12h of illumination treatment, and 12h of dark treatment; after the garbage is treated, new garbage is added for continuous treatment, or the square tray is completely taken out, most of cockroaches are repelled by oscillation in the taking-out process, and residual individual cockroaches in the square tray are killed by a deep burying method; adding anaerobic fermentation composite strains into spicy garbage after the cockroach treatment, deeply burying the garbage, and digging out the garbage again after the garbage is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 10 days after the cockroach treatment to obtain a finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptide.
Example 2
A method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing feed and preparing granules;
the propagation type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: mixing 11 parts of bean cake powder, 22 parts of corn powder, 17 parts of bran powder, 12 parts of rice bran powder and 14 parts of water;
the screened feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of spicy kitchen waste, and 12 parts of charcoal particles, 12 parts of bean cake powder, 22 parts of corn flour, 17 parts of bran powder and 17 parts of rice bran powder are mixed;
the spicy kitchen waste is kitchen waste of chafing dishes, spicy saucers, crayfish and barbecue shops, and is prepared by firstly carrying out standing layering and centrifugal dehydration on the kitchen waste to obtain upper-layer grease, then carrying out standing layering, centrifugal dehydration and drying on the kitchen waste to obtain lower-layer food residues, and finally mixing the upper-layer grease and the lower-layer food residues in equal weight.
Steaming and sterilizing the propagation type feed and the screening type feed at 101 deg.C for 15min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and granulating in a feed granule forming machine to obtain feed granules with diameter of 0.9 cm.
Step 2, propagating and culturing cockroaches; setting a hidden living environment in a box-shaped container with the length, width and height of 40cm, preventing cockroaches from escaping, placing expanded breeding type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, placing a water container on the other side of the box-shaped container, and placing water-retaining substances, namely cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjusting the environment in the box-type container, keeping the temperature at 26% and the relative humidity at 40%, wherein the day and night illumination period is 12h illumination treatment and 12h dark treatment.
Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of the cockroaches reaches the density of 600 cockroaches per box, placing a one-thousandth ethyl methanesulfonate solution in a water container; spraying ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth to the cockroach colony every 24 hours in a box-shaped container; replacing the expanded propagation type feed particles at the bottom of the box-shaped container with screening type feed particles; and then fully screening the resistant strain by a one-step method and a gradient method to obtain a resistant cockroach strain, carrying out mixed feeding and mating, screening the offspring by the one-step method and the gradient method respectively, and repeating for 6 times to obtain the resistant strain cockroach.
The one-step method is that 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts and 50 parts of screened feed are respectively put at the bottom of each box-type container, and the cockroach colony which can survive and passage for a long time is the one-step method resistant cockroach;
the gradient method is characterized in that the one-step method screening feed is replaced by the propagation type feed after the one-step method is completed, if the cockroach colony can survive and passage for a long time, the new screening feed is further replaced, the content of spicy kitchen waste is increased by 3 parts while the feed is replaced every time, and the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration at which the cockroach can normally survive and propagate.
And 4, strain stabilization and purification: single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of a resistant strain, breeding in a screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, selecting offspring of the cockroaches which are strong and flexible in response, continuing single-head pairing, and continuing propagation for more than ten generations in the screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste; and (3) screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive capacity by recording and comparing the generation number of the surviving cockroaches.
A method for treating spicy kitchen waste by using cockroaches comprises the following steps:
garbage pretreatment: collecting spicy kitchen waste, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles into each part of spicy kitchen waste, adding 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stirring, mixing, extruding, granulating and molding; the pretreated garbage is flatly laid in square discs, the square discs are arranged on a rack in a stacking mode, a gauze is arranged on the periphery of the rack to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is arranged on the gauze to facilitate entering and exiting; inoculating the resistant strain cockroach to the pretreated garbage for feeding and breeding, wherein the breeding conditions are that the temperature is kept at 26 ℃, the relative humidity is 40%, the day and night illumination period is 12h of illumination treatment, and 12h of dark treatment; after the garbage is treated, new garbage is added for continuous treatment, or the square tray is completely taken out, most of cockroaches are repelled by oscillation in the taking-out process, and residual individual cockroaches in the square tray are killed by a deep burying method; adding anaerobic fermentation composite strains into spicy garbage after the cockroach treatment, deeply burying, and digging out the garbage again after the garbage after the cockroach treatment is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 15 days to obtain a finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptide.
Example 3
A method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing feed and preparing granules;
the propagation type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: mixing 13 parts of bean cake powder, 30 parts of corn powder, 20 parts of bran powder, 15 parts of rice bran powder and 15 parts of water;
the screened feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 30 parts of spicy kitchen waste, and 15 parts of charcoal particles, 10 parts of bean cake powder, 30 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of bran powder and 25 parts of rice bran powder are mixed;
the spicy kitchen waste is kitchen waste of chafing dishes, spicy saucers, crayfish and barbecue shops, and is prepared by firstly carrying out standing layering and centrifugal dehydration on the kitchen waste to obtain upper-layer grease, then carrying out standing layering, centrifugal dehydration and drying on the kitchen waste to obtain lower-layer food residues, and finally mixing the upper-layer grease and the lower-layer food residues in equal weight.
Boiling the propagation type feed and the screening type feed at 103 deg.C for 22min, cooling to room temperature, and granulating in a feed granule forming machine to obtain feed granules with diameter of 3 cm.
Step 2, propagating and culturing cockroaches; setting a hidden living environment in a box-shaped container with the length, width and height of 45cm, preventing cockroaches from escaping, placing expanded breeding type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, placing a water container on the other side of the box-shaped container, and placing water-retaining substances, namely cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjusting the environment in the box-type container, keeping the temperature at 27 ℃, keeping the relative humidity at 50%, and carrying out light treatment for 12h and dark treatment for 12h in day and night.
Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of the cockroaches reaches the density of 700 cockroaches per box, placing a one-thousandth ethyl methanesulfonate solution in a water container; spraying ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth to the cockroach colony every 24 hours in a box-shaped container; replacing the expanded propagation type feed particles at the bottom of the box-shaped container with screening type feed particles; and then fully screening the resistant strain by a one-step method and a gradient method to obtain a resistant cockroach strain, carrying out mixed feeding and mating, screening the offspring by the one-step method and the gradient method respectively, and repeating for 7 times to obtain the resistant strain cockroach.
The one-step method is that 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts and 50 parts of screened feed are respectively put at the bottom of each box-type container, and the cockroach colony which can survive and passage for a long time is the one-step method resistant cockroach;
the gradient method is characterized in that the one-step method screening feed is replaced by the propagation type feed after the one-step method is completed, if the cockroach colony can survive and passage for a long time, the new screening feed is further replaced, the content of spicy kitchen waste is increased by 4 parts while the feed is replaced every time, and the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration at which the cockroach can normally survive and propagate.
And 4, strain stabilization and purification: single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of a resistant strain, breeding in a screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, selecting offspring of the cockroaches which are strong and flexible in response, continuing single-head pairing, and continuing propagation for more than ten generations in the screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste; and (3) screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive capacity by recording and comparing the generation number of the surviving cockroaches.
A method for treating spicy kitchen waste by using cockroaches comprises the following steps:
garbage pretreatment: collecting spicy kitchen waste, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles into each part of spicy kitchen waste, adding 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stirring, mixing, extruding, granulating and molding; the pretreated garbage is flatly laid in square discs, the square discs are arranged on a rack in a stacking mode, a gauze is arranged on the periphery of the rack to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is arranged on the gauze to facilitate entering and exiting; inoculating the resistant strain cockroach to the pretreated garbage for feeding and breeding, wherein the breeding conditions are that the temperature is kept at 27 ℃, the relative humidity is 45%, the day and night illumination period is 12h of illumination treatment, and 12h of dark treatment; after the garbage is treated, new garbage is added for continuous treatment, or the square tray is completely taken out, most of cockroaches are repelled by oscillation in the taking-out process, and residual individual cockroaches in the square tray are killed by a deep burying method; adding anaerobic fermentation composite strains into spicy garbage after the cockroach treatment, deeply burying, and digging out the garbage again after the garbage after the cockroach treatment is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 15 days to obtain a finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptide.
Example 4
A method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing feed and preparing granules;
the propagation type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: mixing 14 parts of bean cake powder, 36 parts of corn powder, 24 parts of bran powder, 16 parts of rice bran powder and 13 parts of water;
the screened feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 40 parts of spicy kitchen waste, and 14 parts of charcoal particles, 14 parts of bean cake powder, 40 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of bran powder and 12 parts of rice bran powder are mixed;
the spicy kitchen waste is kitchen waste of chafing dishes, spicy saucers, crayfish and barbecue shops, and is prepared by firstly carrying out standing layering and centrifugal dehydration on the kitchen waste to obtain upper-layer grease, then carrying out standing layering, centrifugal dehydration and drying on the kitchen waste to obtain lower-layer food residues, and finally mixing the upper-layer grease and the lower-layer food residues in equal weight.
Boiling the propagation type feed and the screening type feed at 104 deg.C for 25min, cooling to room temperature, and granulating in a feed granule forming machine to obtain feed granules with diameter of 4 cm.
Step 2, propagating and culturing cockroaches; setting a hidden living environment in a box-shaped container with the length, width and height of 55cm, preventing cockroaches from escaping, placing expanded breeding type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, placing a water container on the other side of the box-shaped container, and placing water-retaining substances, namely cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjusting the environment in the box-type container, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃, the relative humidity at 60%, and carrying out day and night illumination treatment for 12h and dark treatment for 12 h.
Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of the cockroaches reaches the density of 900 cockroaches per box, placing ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth in a water container; spraying ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth to the cockroach colony every 24 hours in a box-shaped container; replacing the expanded propagation type feed particles at the bottom of the box-shaped container with screening type feed particles; and then fully screening the resistant strain by a one-step method and a gradient method to obtain a resistant cockroach strain, carrying out mixed feeding and mating, screening the offspring by the one-step method and the gradient method respectively, and repeating for 9 times to obtain the resistant strain cockroach.
The one-step method is that 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts and 50 parts of screened feed are respectively put at the bottom of each box-type container, and the cockroach colony which can survive and passage for a long time is the one-step method resistant cockroach;
the gradient method is characterized in that the one-step method screening feed is replaced by the propagation type feed after the one-step method is completed, if the cockroach colony can survive and passage for a long time, the new screening feed is further replaced, the content of spicy kitchen waste is increased by 5 parts while the feed is replaced every time, and the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration at which the cockroach can normally survive and propagate.
And 4, strain stabilization and purification: single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of a resistant strain, breeding in a screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, selecting offspring of the cockroaches which are strong and flexible in response, continuing single-head pairing, and continuing propagation for more than ten generations in the screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste; and (3) screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive capacity by recording and comparing the generation number of the surviving cockroaches.
A method for treating spicy kitchen waste by using cockroaches comprises the following steps:
garbage pretreatment: collecting spicy kitchen waste, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles into each part of spicy kitchen waste, adding 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stirring, mixing, extruding, granulating and molding; the pretreated garbage is flatly laid in square discs, the square discs are arranged on a rack in a stacking mode, a gauze is arranged on the periphery of the rack to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is arranged on the gauze to facilitate entering and exiting; inoculating the resistant strain cockroach to the pretreated garbage for feeding and breeding, wherein the breeding conditions are that the temperature is kept at 28 ℃, the relative humidity is 60%, the day and night illumination period is 12h of illumination treatment, and 12h of dark treatment; after the garbage is treated, new garbage is added for continuous treatment, or the square tray is completely taken out, most of cockroaches are repelled by oscillation in the taking-out process, and residual individual cockroaches in the square tray are killed by a deep burying method; adding anaerobic fermentation composite strains into spicy garbage after the cockroach treatment, deeply burying the garbage, and performing anaerobic fermentation on the garbage after the cockroach treatment for 20 days to obtain a finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer after digging out the garbage again; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptide.
Example 5
A method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing feed and preparing granules;
the propagation type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: mixing 15 parts of bean cake powder, 40 parts of corn powder, 25 parts of bran powder, 20 parts of rice bran powder and 15 parts of water;
the screened feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, and 12 parts of charcoal particles, 13 parts of bean cake powder, 27 parts of corn powder, 22 parts of bran powder and 18 parts of rice bran powder are mixed;
the spicy kitchen waste is kitchen waste of chafing dishes, spicy saucers, crayfish and barbecue shops, and is prepared by firstly carrying out standing layering and centrifugal dehydration on the kitchen waste to obtain upper-layer grease, then carrying out standing layering, centrifugal dehydration and drying on the kitchen waste to obtain lower-layer food residues, and finally mixing the upper-layer grease and the lower-layer food residues in equal weight.
And (3) steaming and sterilizing the propagation type feed and the screening type feed at the high temperature of 100-105 ℃ for 10-30 min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and granulating and forming in a feed particle forming machine, wherein the diameter of feed particles is 5 cm.
Step 2, propagating and culturing cockroaches; setting a hidden living environment in a box-shaped container with the length, width and height of 60cm, preventing cockroaches from escaping, placing expanded breeding type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, placing a water container on the other side of the box-shaped container, and placing water-retaining substances, namely cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjusting the environment in the box-type container, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃, keeping the relative humidity at 70%, and carrying out illumination treatment for 12h and dark treatment for 12h in day and night.
Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of the cockroaches reaches the density of 1000 cockroaches per box, placing a one-thousandth ethyl methanesulfonate solution in a water container; spraying ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth to the cockroach colony every 24 hours in a box-shaped container; replacing the expanded propagation type feed particles at the bottom of the box-shaped container with screening type feed particles; and then fully screening the resistant strain by a one-step method and a gradient method to obtain a resistant cockroach strain, carrying out mixed feeding and mating, screening the offspring by the one-step method and the gradient method respectively, and repeating for 10 times to obtain the resistant strain cockroach.
The one-step method is that 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts and 50 parts of screened feed are respectively put at the bottom of each box-type container, and the cockroach colony which can survive and passage for a long time is the one-step method resistant cockroach;
the gradient method is characterized in that the one-step method screening feed is replaced by the propagation type feed after the one-step method is completed, if the cockroach colony can survive and passage for a long time, the new screening feed is further replaced, the content of spicy kitchen waste is increased by 5 parts while the feed is replaced every time, and the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration at which the cockroach can normally survive and propagate.
And 4, strain stabilization and purification: single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of a resistant strain, breeding in a screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, selecting offspring of the cockroaches which are strong and flexible in response, continuing single-head pairing, and continuing propagation for more than ten generations in the screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste; and (3) screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive capacity by recording and comparing the generation number of the surviving cockroaches.
A method for treating spicy kitchen waste by using cockroaches comprises the following steps:
garbage pretreatment: collecting spicy kitchen waste, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles into each part of spicy kitchen waste, adding 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stirring, mixing, extruding, granulating and molding; the pretreated garbage is flatly laid in square discs, the square discs are arranged on a rack in a stacking mode, a gauze is arranged on the periphery of the rack to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is arranged on the gauze to facilitate entering and exiting; inoculating the resistant strain cockroach to the pretreated garbage for feeding and breeding, wherein the breeding conditions are that the temperature is kept at 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, the day and night illumination period is 12h of illumination treatment, and 12h of dark treatment; after the garbage is treated, new garbage is added for continuous treatment, or the square tray is completely taken out, most of cockroaches are repelled by oscillation in the taking-out process, and residual individual cockroaches in the square tray are killed by a deep burying method; adding anaerobic fermentation composite strains into spicy garbage after the cockroach treatment, deeply burying, and digging out the garbage after the garbage is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 30 days after the cockroach treatment to obtain a finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptide.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing feed and preparing granules;
step 2, propagating and culturing cockroaches;
step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches;
and 4, strain stabilization and purification.
2. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feed in the step 1 comprises a propagation type feed and a screening type feed;
the propagation type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: mixing 10-15 parts of bean cake powder, 20-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of bran powder, 10-20 parts of rice bran powder and 10-15 parts of water;
the screening type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1-50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, and 10-15 parts of charcoal particles, 10-15 parts of bean cake powder, 20-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of bran powder and 10-20 parts of rice bran powder are mixed;
the spicy kitchen waste is kitchen waste of chafing dish, spicy hot pot, crawfish and barbecue store, and is characterized in that the kitchen waste is subjected to standing layering and centrifugal dehydration to obtain upper-layer grease, is subjected to standing layering, centrifugal dehydration and drying to obtain lower-layer food residue, and is finally mixed with the upper-layer grease, the lower-layer food residue and other weight mixtures.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cockroach's adaptability to spicy kitchen waste is improved by: the method for preparing the feed and preparing the granules in the step 1 comprises the following steps: and (3) steaming and sterilizing the propagation type feed and the screening type feed at high temperature respectively, naturally cooling to room temperature, and granulating and molding in a feed particle molding machine.
4. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-temperature cooking sterilization temperature is 100-105 ℃, the cooking sterilization time is 10-30 min, and the diameter of the feed particles is 0.5-5 cm.
5. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for propagating and breeding the cockroaches in the step 2 comprises the following steps: setting a hidden living environment in the box-shaped container and preventing cockroaches from escaping, placing expanded breeding type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, placing a water container on the other side of the box-shaped container, and placing water retention substances in the water container; the environment in the box-type container is then adjusted.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste is improved by: the method for adjusting the environment in the box-type container comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity at 30-70%, and carrying out illumination treatment for 12h and dark treatment for 12h in day and night illumination period; the length, the width and the height of the box-shaped container are 30-60 cm; the water-retaining substance is cotton or sponge.
7. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, the method for mutagenesis and screening of the cockroaches comprises the following steps: when the number of the cockroaches reaches the density of 500-1000 cockroaches per box, placing a one-thousandth ethyl methanesulfonate solution in a water container; spraying ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth to the cockroach colony every 24 hours in a box-shaped container; replacing the expanded propagation type feed particles at the bottom of the box-shaped container with screening type feed particles; and then fully screening the resistant strain by a one-step method and a gradient method to obtain a resistant cockroach strain, carrying out mixed feeding and mating, screening the offspring by the one-step method and the gradient method respectively, and repeating for 5-10 times to obtain the resistant strain cockroach.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste is improved by: the one-step method is that 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts and 50 parts of screened feed are respectively put at the bottom of each box-type container, and cockroach groups which can survive and passage for a long time are the one-step method resistant cockroaches;
the gradient method is characterized in that the one-step method screening feed is replaced by the propagation-expanding feed after the one-step method is completed, if the cockroach colony can survive and passage for a long time, the new screening feed is further replaced, the content of spicy kitchen waste is increased by 2-5 parts while the feed is replaced every time, and the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration at which the cockroach can normally survive and propagate.
9. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for stabilizing and purifying the strain in the step 4 comprises the following steps: single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of a resistant strain, breeding in a screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, selecting offspring of the cockroaches which are strong and flexible in response, continuing single-head pairing, and continuing propagation for more than ten generations in the screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste; and (3) screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive capacity by recording and comparing the generation number of the surviving cockroaches.
10. A method for treating spicy kitchen waste by using the cockroach according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: the method comprises the following steps: pretreating garbage, collecting spicy kitchen garbage in a centralized manner, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles into each part of spicy kitchen garbage, adding 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stirring and mixing, and extruding, granulating and molding; the pretreated garbage is flatly laid in square discs, the square discs are arranged on a rack in a stacking mode, a gauze is arranged on the periphery of the rack to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is arranged on the gauze to facilitate entering and exiting; inoculating the resistant strain cockroach to the pretreated garbage for feeding and breeding, wherein the breeding conditions are that the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-70%, the day and night illumination period is 12h of illumination treatment, and 12h of dark treatment; after the garbage is treated, new garbage is added for continuous treatment, or the square tray is completely taken out, most of cockroaches are repelled by oscillation in the taking-out process, and residual individual cockroaches in the square tray are killed by a deep burying method; adding anaerobic fermentation composite strains into spicy garbage after the cockroach treatment, deeply burying, and digging out the garbage after the garbage is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 10-30 days after the cockroach treatment to obtain a finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptide.
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| CN110721980A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-24 | 华北电力大学 | Ecological chain comprehensive treatment method for kitchen waste |
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| US20040089241A1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2004-05-13 | Mao Zhang | Rearing fly larvae and animals in space for waste recycling and food supplying |
| CN101810154A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-08-25 | 叶柱良 | Method for industrially producing zophobas morio |
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