CN109042419A - A kind of ecological cultivation method of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery - Google Patents
A kind of ecological cultivation method of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042419A CN109042419A CN201811177392.3A CN201811177392A CN109042419A CN 109042419 A CN109042419 A CN 109042419A CN 201811177392 A CN201811177392 A CN 201811177392A CN 109042419 A CN109042419 A CN 109042419A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Abstract
The present invention relates to the ecological cultivation methods of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery, comprising the following steps: S1: pond selection, S2: shrimp seedling select with put in a suitable place to breed, S3: kind celery cultivate, S4: water quality management, S5: feed management, S6: disease control and S7: harvesting catch；The present invention rationally carries out pond ecological Building environment and arrangement, realizes the two-win of oenanthe stolonifera plantation and shrimp culture, and oenanthe stolonifera and freshwater shrimp growth promote mutually.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of ecological cultivation method of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery.
Background technique
Pond water quality purification is generally carried out using water plants such as waterweed, hydrilla verticillatas and is during conventional shrimp culture
Freshwater shrimp, which provides, hides the place inhabited.In addition, in conventional cultivation method, in the water plants process such as waterweed, hydrilla verticillata of use
In be easy because water plant overgrow and cause water body concentration relatively low, in water body fertility by water plant taken in excess, or because management not
It is kind that water plant death is caused to cause water quality corruption, significantly affecting is caused to freshwater shrimp high yield.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of freshwater shrimps and the ecological cultivation method of Chinese celery and preparation method thereof, rationally carry out pond
Pool Ecological Environment Creation and arrangement, realize the two-win of oenanthe stolonifera plantation and shrimp culture, and oenanthe stolonifera and freshwater shrimp growth promote mutually
Into.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the ecological cultivation methods of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery, including with
Lower step:
S1: pond selects: every pond selects 4~6 mu of common Tu Chi as cultivating pool, and scraping out depth is 1.5~2m's
Rectangle pond, pond bottom are slope surface, pond surrounding excavation furrow width and the circular groove and the central sulcus that are deeply 0.8~2 meter, are excavated out
The soil come shines the pool to pool bottom in mid or late May and whitens for reinforcing pond, the removing extra mud in pool bottom, stiff cracking, then
10 are filled to 15cm, and is carried out disinfection processing to the water body in cultivating pool；
S2: shrimp seedling is selected and is put in a suitable place to breed: before freshwater shrimp mating period, acquiring the high-quality wild freshwater shrimp of Taihu Lake water system, female shrimp body is long
It is greater than 5.5cm greater than 5cm, male shrimp body length, is hybridized with local freshwater shrimp, obtain shrimp seedling, it is every in late July to early August
Mu puts shrimp seedling 6~80,000 tails in a suitable place to breed；
S3: kind celery is cultivated: pond uses decomposed manure 50kg per acre before plantation, sufficiently makes compost, in 2 months by oenanthe stolonifera
It being uniformly arranged in pond by ribbon, planting number is the 1/5 of pond area, at a distance of 20cm or more between every plant of oenanthe stolonifera,
One plant of every cave, kind celery are poured water toward pond in after planting, and start holding 3~5cm water layer, and after waiting Chinese celeries work, slowly raising of water level is extremely
40~50cm makes Chinese celery reveal the point of 2~4cm or so on the water surface；
S4: water quality management: every 2 weeks, appropriate note changed fresh water, and quantity of exchanged water is 3~5cm of pond water surface elevation, prevented
Water temperature amplitude of variation causes stress reaction to freshwater shrimp greatly very much, while EM bacterium, bacillus subtilis, nitre was used alternatingly every 15 days
Change bacterium effective microorganism preparation, and with calper calcium peroxide, zeolite substrate modifier as main component, it is ensured that water quality transparency
Be maintained at 7.0~8.5 in 20~28cm, pH, ammonia control in 0.3mg/L or less, nitrite control in 0.03mg/L hereinafter,
A quick lime was used every 20 days, every time 10kg per acre, full pond is uniformly splashed after slurrying, and if water quality is excessively clear, NPK tri- can be used
Component composite fertilizer carries out top dressing；
S5: feed management: feed request using it is fresh, agreeable to the taste, without putrid and deteriorated high-quality perfect compound feed, annual 3
Beginning of the month water temperature starts to feed when reaching 10 degrees Celsius or more, and feeding method is as follows: within shrimp seedling specification 2.5cm, feed powdery or
Micro-granulated feed, can feed the feed of freshwater shrimp or Penaeus Vannmei that protein content is 36% or more, daily to throw 3 times, when 7~8,
When 16~17,21~22 when respectively feed primary, the ratio of feeding is respectively 30%, 40%, the 30% of whole day feeding volume；Shrimp seedling specification
When 2.5~4cm, the freshwater shrimp feed that protein content is 34% can be fed；Protein content is fed when specification reaches 4cm or more is
34% freshwater shrimp feed；Other feeds throw 2 times daily, when 8~9,17~18 when respectively throw primary, the ratio of feeding is respectively whole day
35%, the 65% of feeding volume；Feeding amount beforehand control the 6%~10% of full pond shrimp weight, the control of cultivation middle and later periods 4%~
6%, feed pond as complete as possible is uniformly splashed when feeding, and in addition feeding amount also needs flexibly to be grasped according to " three fixed " principle, generally with
Eaten up in 4 hours after feeding for degree, check whether eat up can be used a small amount of feed is spread above the close string bag after sink under water, cross one section
Time pulls the string bag out, and to see whether the inside feed has surplus, and surplus just explanation is eaten up, and has and surplus then second suitably reduces feeding volume day by day；
S6: disease control: for the parasitic diseases such as infusorian, using zinc sulfate full pool spilling head, dosage is 0.3~
0.5ppm, the bacteriosis such as black gill disease, kwashiorkor, can be used chlorine dioxide or povidone iodine full pool spilling head is prevented and treated, and use
Amount is 0.5~0.6ppm, is continuously splashed when being in a bad way secondary, and when medication avoids the shrimp seedling shelling phase, and bacterial enteritis disease can be outer
With chlorine dioxide or povidone iodine full pool spilling head, once a day, continuous quadratic；It is for oral administration using Norfloxacin or berberine hydrochloride with
The mixing of Xin Nuomin and allicin or Radix Isatidis, 6~7 days courses for the treatment of, can obtain good efficacy, usually add in freshwater shrimp feed
Multi-vitamins, glycine betaine, beta glucan are fed, and freshwater shrimp can be remarkably reinforced, resistivity is immunized；
S7: harvesting fishing: wherein Chinese celery harvesting refers to harvests March in batches in early October to second year；It is at shrimp fishing
Finger start to catch in late September, catch successively stay greatly it is small, wheel catch listing, freshwater shrimp in pond is caught only around the Spring Festival.
Further, pool bottom mud is no more than 10cm in the step S1.
Further: water temperature and the pond water temperature temperature difference should be less than being equal to 5 DEG C in transport case when putting in a suitable place to breed in the step S2,
Adhere to that band water operates when shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, acts brisk.
Further: intake-discharge pipe is provided in the circular groove in the step S1, the intake-discharge pipe is by passing in and out
Pipeline, water inlet pipe and drainpipe are formed, and one end of the inlet and outlet piping is connected with circular groove, the inlet and outlet piping it is another
One end is connected with water inlet pipe, and check valve is provided in the water inlet pipe, and the drainpipe is connected to the side wall of inlet and outlet piping
On, it is provided with solenoid valve in the water pipe, is additionally provided with water pump and oxygen increasing pump in the inlet and outlet piping, is made by oxygen increasing pump
The dissolved oxygen amount of water is 5mg/L or more in pond.
Further: one end that the inlet and outlet piping 1 is connected to circular groove has been removably installed end cap, the end cap
Center at offer through slot, limit base is provided in the inlet and outlet piping, is clamped between the limit base and end cap solid
Surely there is strainer filtering device.
Further: the strainer filtering device includes upper clamping framework, lower clamping framework and filter plate, the upper folder
Tight framework is vertically connected with lower clamping framework, and the filter plate is fixedly clamped between upper clamping framework and lower clamping framework, institute
Four pieces of filter plates are detachably connected between the upper clamping framework and lower clamping framework stated.
Further: needing to carry out oxygenation management in the step S2 during putting in a suitable place to breed, the oxygenation management is
Refer to since April, aerator is switched on to daybreak after midnight daily, and fine day afternoon is switched on 1 hour, and weather is sultry or thunderstorm weather
It is easy to happen anoxia phenomenon, needs whole day to open aerator or carries out water-filling oxygenation.
Further: needing to carry out vernalization root of hair during cultivating in the step S3, the vernalization root of hair is
Refer to while the whole pool, by first half of the year pond there are Chinese celery kind strain extract with root, clean after remove top tip, be bundled into wisp,
It is deposited in shady and cool local vernalization, above covers straw, the high 70~100cm of Chinese celery heap, root intersects and stacks, cover above to root to the tip, the tip
Wet straw screen or mat, each watering is primary sooner or later daily, keeps wet, and check in time, prevents from going rotten, when 7~15 days young shoots grow 1cm just
It can transplant, female stem of bud will have been urged to be cut into knife, 20~40cm long is stand-by.
Further: freshwater shrimp mixed fodder includes the raw material of following parts by weight in the step S5: wheat germ powder 20~
30 parts, 10~20 parts of wheat bran, 10~15 parts of rice bran, 2~8 parts of corn flour, 2~6 parts of cushaw stem, 2~4 parts of the sesame dregs of fat and Chinese medicine
1~10 part of additive.
Further the Chinese medicine additive includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 2~3 parts of Zornia diphylla (Linn.) Pers, 2~3 parts of folium artemisiae argyi,
1~2 part of wild chrysanthemum, 1~2 part of cymbopogon distans, 0.2~0.8 part of honeysuckle, 0.2~0.6 part of hawthorn, 0.1~0.3 part of fructus lycii, eupatorium
0.1~0.3 part and 0.1~0.2 part of rhizoma anemarrhenae.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: rationally progress pond ecological Building environment and arrangement realize oenanthe stolonifera plantation and blueness
The two-win of shrimp aquaculture, oenanthe stolonifera and freshwater shrimp growth promote mutually, and specifically, freshwater shrimp generates excrement and sinks to pool bottom, are pumped by pool bottom water
Filter and irrigate Chinese celery as fertilizer, Chinese celery plantation avoid water body fertilizer degree during traditional shrimp culture be difficult to control, be easy it is rotten
The drawbacks such as careless bad water substantially increase the aquaculture management level and cultured output of freshwater shrimp, specific as follows:
(1), the present invention can reduce the dosage of Chinese celery fertilizer, save the cost, in addition, Chinese celery is put into pond cultivation, clearly
Clean health is not subject to seasonal restrictions, and harvesting is easy, has biggish market prospects and economic value；
(2), the germination percentage of Chinese celery seed can be improved in the nutrient solution used in the present invention, improves Chinese celery seedling yield, and close
The formula of reason so that, Chinese celery seedling quality is good, does not encroach on vulnerable to disease pest, seedling body is strong, high survival rate after transplant planting；
(3), seedling medium is done with sponge block in the present invention, by Chinese celery seed broadcasting in sponge block, suction can be taken into account very well
It receives illumination, water conservation, fertilizer conservation and is taken root convenient for Chinese celery seedling；
(4), the Chinese medicine additive in freshwater shrimp feed of the present invention can be improved the immunocompetence of freshwater shrimp, reduce making for antibiotic
With being conducive to the sound development of shrimp culture, reduce the pollution to water resource, protect ecological environment；Blueness can be improved simultaneously
The survival rate of shrimp improves the economic benefit of shrimp culture；
(5), the present invention is simple and convenient, easy to implement, sets slope surface for shrimp ponds bottom, cooperates water pump and oxygen increasing equipment can
With management methods such as regular dredging, water filling and oxygenation, the content of poisonous and harmful organic matter and remaining feed etc. can be effectively reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of intake-discharge pipe.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of strainer filtering device.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides the ecological cultivation methods of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery, comprising the following steps:
S1: pond selects: every pond selects 4~6 mu of common Tu Chi as cultivating pool, and scraping out depth is 1.5~2m's
Rectangle pond, pond bottom are slope surface, pond surrounding excavation furrow width and the circular groove and the central sulcus that are deeply 0.8~2 meter, are excavated out
The soil come shines the pool to pool bottom in mid or late May and whitens for reinforcing pond, the removing extra mud in pool bottom, stiff cracking, then
10 are filled to 15cm, and is carried out disinfection processing to the water body in cultivating pool；
S2: shrimp seedling is selected and is put in a suitable place to breed: before freshwater shrimp mating period, acquiring the high-quality wild freshwater shrimp of Taihu Lake water system, female shrimp body is long
It is greater than 5.5cm greater than 5cm, male shrimp body length, is hybridized with local freshwater shrimp, obtain shrimp seedling, it is every in late July to early August
Mu puts shrimp seedling 6~80,000 tails in a suitable place to breed；
S3: kind celery is cultivated: pond uses decomposed manure 50kg per acre before plantation, sufficiently makes compost, in 2 months by oenanthe stolonifera
It being uniformly arranged in pond by ribbon, planting number is the 1/5 of pond area, at a distance of 20cm or more between every plant of oenanthe stolonifera,
One plant of every cave, kind celery are poured water toward pond in after planting, and start holding 3~5cm water layer, and after waiting Chinese celeries work, slowly raising of water level is extremely
40~50cm makes Chinese celery reveal the point of 2~4cm or so on the water surface；
S4: water quality management: every 2 weeks, appropriate note changed fresh water, and quantity of exchanged water is 3~5cm of pond water surface elevation, prevented
Water temperature amplitude of variation causes stress reaction to freshwater shrimp greatly very much, while EM bacterium, bacillus subtilis, nitre was used alternatingly every 15 days
Change bacterium effective microorganism preparation, and with calper calcium peroxide, zeolite substrate modifier as main component, it is ensured that water quality transparency
Be maintained at 7.0~8.5 in 20~28cm, pH, ammonia control in 0.3mg/L or less, nitrite control in 0.03mg/L hereinafter,
A quick lime was used every 20 days, every time 10kg per acre, full pond is uniformly splashed after slurrying, and if water quality is excessively clear, NPK tri- can be used
Component composite fertilizer carries out top dressing；
S5: feed management: feed request using it is fresh, agreeable to the taste, without putrid and deteriorated high-quality perfect compound feed, annual 3
Beginning of the month water temperature starts to feed when reaching 10 degrees Celsius or more, and feeding method is as follows: within shrimp seedling specification 2.5cm, feed powdery or
Micro-granulated feed, can feed the feed of freshwater shrimp or Penaeus Vannmei that protein content is 36% or more, daily to throw 3 times, when 7~8,
When 16~17,21~22 when respectively feed primary, the ratio of feeding is respectively 30%, 40%, the 30% of whole day feeding volume；Shrimp seedling specification
When 2.5~4cm, the freshwater shrimp feed that protein content is 34% can be fed；Protein content is fed when specification reaches 4cm or more is
34% freshwater shrimp feed；Other feeds throw 2 times daily, when 8~9,17~18 when respectively throw primary, the ratio of feeding is respectively whole day
35%, the 65% of feeding volume；Feeding amount beforehand control the 6%~10% of full pond shrimp weight, the control of cultivation middle and later periods 4%~
6%, feed pond as complete as possible is uniformly splashed when feeding, and in addition feeding amount also needs flexibly to be grasped according to " three fixed " principle, generally with
Eaten up in 4 hours after feeding for degree, check whether eat up can be used a small amount of feed is spread above the close string bag after sink under water, cross one section
Time pulls the string bag out, and to see whether the inside feed has surplus, and surplus just explanation is eaten up, and has and surplus then second suitably reduces feeding volume day by day；
S6: disease control: for the parasitic diseases such as infusorian, using zinc sulfate full pool spilling head, dosage is 0.3~
0.5ppm, the bacteriosis such as black gill disease, kwashiorkor, can be used chlorine dioxide or povidone iodine full pool spilling head is prevented and treated, and use
Amount is 0.5~0.6ppm, is continuously splashed when being in a bad way secondary, and when medication avoids the shrimp seedling shelling phase, and bacterial enteritis disease can be outer
With chlorine dioxide or povidone iodine full pool spilling head, once a day, continuous quadratic；It is for oral administration using Norfloxacin or berberine hydrochloride with
The mixing of Xin Nuomin and allicin or Radix Isatidis, 6~7 days courses for the treatment of, can obtain good efficacy, usually add in freshwater shrimp feed
Multi-vitamins, glycine betaine, beta glucan are fed, and freshwater shrimp can be remarkably reinforced, resistivity is immunized；
S7: harvesting fishing: wherein Chinese celery harvesting refers to harvests March in batches in early October to second year；It is at shrimp fishing
Finger start to catch in late September, catch successively stay greatly it is small, wheel catch listing, freshwater shrimp in pond is caught only around the Spring Festival.
Pool bottom mud is no more than 10cm in above-mentioned step S1.
Water temperature and the pond water temperature temperature difference should be less than being equal to 5 DEG C in transport case when putting in a suitable place to breed in above-mentioned step S2, and shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed
When adhere to band water operate, act it is brisk.
Intake-discharge pipe is provided in circular groove in step S1 as shown in Figure 1, the intake-discharge pipe is by inlet and outlet piping
1, water inlet pipe 3 and drainpipe 2 are formed, and one end of the inlet and outlet piping 1 is connected with circular groove, the inlet and outlet piping 1
The other end is connected with water inlet pipe 3, and check valve 4 is provided in the water inlet pipe 3, and the drainpipe 2 is connected to inlet and outlet piping 1
Side wall on, solenoid valve is provided in the water pipe 2, water pump and oxygen increasing pump is additionally provided in the inlet and outlet piping 1, passes through
Oxygen increasing pump makes the dissolved oxygen amount 5mg/L or more of water in pond.
One end that inlet and outlet piping 1 as shown in Figure 1 is connected to circular groove has been removably installed end cap 8, the end cap 8
Through slot is offered at center, and limit base 6 is provided in the inlet and outlet piping 1, is clamped between the limit base 6 and end cap 8
It is fixed with strainer filtering device 7.
Strainer filtering device 7 as shown in Figure 2 includes upper clamping framework 7-1, lower clamping framework 7-2 and filter plate 7-3, institute
The upper clamping framework 7-1 stated is vertically connected with lower clamping framework 7-2, and the filter plate 7-3 is fixedly clamped in upper clamping framework 7-1
Between lower clamping framework 7-2, four pieces are detachably connected between the upper clamping framework 7-1 and lower clamping framework 7-2
Filter plate 7-3.
Need to carry out oxygenation management in above-mentioned step S2 during putting in a suitable place to breed, the oxygenation management referred to from April
Start, aerator is switched on to daybreak after midnight daily, and fine day afternoon is switched on 1 hour, and weather is sultry or thunderstorm weather is easy to happen
Anoxia phenomenon needs whole day to open aerator or carries out water-filling oxygenation.
Need to carry out vernalization root of hair during cultivating in above-mentioned step S3, the vernalization root of hair refers on the whole pool
Meanwhile by first half of the year pond there are Chinese celery kind strain extract with root, clean after remove top tip, be bundled into wisp, be deposited in cool place
Local vernalization, above covers straw, the high 70~100cm of Chinese celery heap, and root intersects and stacks, cover wet straw screen or mat above, often to root to the tip, the tip
Each watering is primary sooner or later for it, keeps wet, and check in time, prevents from going rotten, can transplant when young shoot grows 1cm within 7~15 days, uses
Knife will urge female stem of bud to be cut into, and 20~40cm long is stand-by.
Freshwater shrimp mixed fodder includes the raw material of following parts by weight in above-mentioned steps S5: 20~30 parts of wheat germ powder, wheat bran
10~20 parts, 10~15 parts of rice bran, 2~8 parts of corn flour, 2~6 parts of cushaw stem, 2~4 parts of the sesame dregs of fat and Chinese medicine additive 1
~10 parts.
Above-mentioned Chinese medicine additive includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 2~3 parts of Zornia diphylla (Linn.) Pers, 2~3 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, wild chrysanthemum 1~2
Part, 1~2 part of cymbopogon distans, 0.2~0.8 part of honeysuckle, 0.2~0.6 part of hawthorn, 0.1~0.3 part of fructus lycii, eupatorium 0.1~0.3
Part and 0.1~0.2 part of rhizoma anemarrhenae.
In conclusion beneficial effects of the present invention: rationally carrying out pond ecological Building environment and arrangement, realize oenanthe stolonifera
The two-win of plantation and shrimp culture, oenanthe stolonifera and freshwater shrimp growth promote mutually, and specifically, freshwater shrimp generates excrement and sinks to pool bottom, by
Bottom water pumping filter in the pool irrigates Chinese celery as fertilizer, and water body fertilizer degree is not easily-controllable during Chinese celery plantation avoids traditional shrimp culture
It makes, be easy the drawbacks such as rotten careless bad water, substantially increase the aquaculture management level and cultured output of freshwater shrimp, specific as follows:
(1), the present invention can reduce the dosage of Chinese celery fertilizer, save the cost, in addition, Chinese celery is put into pond cultivation, clearly
Clean health is not subject to seasonal restrictions, and harvesting is easy, has biggish market prospects and economic value；
(2), the germination percentage of Chinese celery seed can be improved in the nutrient solution used in the present invention, improves Chinese celery seedling yield, and close
The formula of reason so that, Chinese celery seedling quality is good, does not encroach on vulnerable to disease pest, seedling body is strong, high survival rate after transplant planting；
(3), seedling medium is done with sponge block in the present invention, by Chinese celery seed broadcasting in sponge block, suction can be taken into account very well
It receives illumination, water conservation, fertilizer conservation and is taken root convenient for Chinese celery seedling；
(4), the Chinese medicine additive in freshwater shrimp feed of the present invention can be improved the immunocompetence of freshwater shrimp, reduce making for antibiotic
With being conducive to the sound development of shrimp culture, reduce the pollution to water resource, protect ecological environment；Blueness can be improved simultaneously
The survival rate of shrimp improves the economic benefit of shrimp culture；
(5), the present invention is simple and convenient, easy to implement, sets slope surface for shrimp ponds bottom, cooperates water pump and oxygen increasing equipment can
With management methods such as regular dredging, water filling and oxygenation, the content of poisonous and harmful organic matter and remaining feed etc. can be effectively reduced.
Claims (10)
1. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1: pond selects: every pond selects 4~6 mu of common Tu Chi as cultivating pool, scrapes out the rectangle that depth is 1.5~2m
Pond, pond bottom are slope surface, pond surrounding excavation furrow width and the circular groove and the central sulcus that are deeply 0.8~2 meter, are excavated
Soil removes the extra mud in pool bottom, shines the pool to pool bottom in mid or late May and whiten, then stiff cracking fills the water for reinforcing pond
15cm is arrived to 10, and is carried out disinfection processing to the water body in cultivating pool；
S2: shrimp seedling is selected and is put in a suitable place to breed: before freshwater shrimp mating period, acquiring the high-quality wild freshwater shrimp of Taihu Lake water system, female shrimp body length is greater than
5cm, male shrimp body are long greater than 5.5cm, are hybridized with local freshwater shrimp, obtain shrimp seedling, put per acre in late July to early August
Support 6~80,000 tail of shrimp seedling；
S3: kind celery is cultivated: pond uses decomposed manure 50kg per acre before plantation, sufficiently makes compost, and oenanthe stolonifera is pressed item in 2 months
Band-like to be uniformly arranged in pond, planting number is the 1/5 of pond area, at a distance of 20cm or more, every cave between every plant of oenanthe stolonifera
One plant, kind celery plant after pour water toward pond in, start holding 3~5cm water layer, wait Chinese celeries work after, slowly raising of water level to 40~
50cm makes Chinese celery reveal the point of 2~4cm or so on the water surface；
S4: water quality management: every 2 weeks, appropriate note changed fresh water, and quantity of exchanged water is 3~5cm of pond water surface elevation, prevented water temperature from becoming
Change amplitude causes stress reaction to freshwater shrimp greatly very much, while EM bacterium, bacillus subtilis, nitrobacteria was used alternatingly every 15 days has
Beneficial microorganism preparation, and with calper calcium peroxide, zeolite substrate modifier as main component, it is ensured that water quality transparency 20~
28cm, pH are maintained at 7.0~8.5, and ammonia control is in 0.3mg/L or less, nitrite control in 0.03mg/L hereinafter, every 20
It uses a quick lime, every time 10kg per acre, and full pond is uniformly splashed after slurrying, and if water quality is excessively clear, NPK tri compound can be used
Fertilizer carries out top dressing；
S5: feed management: feed request using it is fresh, agreeable to the taste, without putrid and deteriorated high-quality perfect compound feed, at the beginning of annual 3 months
Water temperature starts to feed when reaching 10 degrees Celsius or more, and feeding method is as follows: within shrimp seedling specification 2.5cm, feeding powdery or micro-
Grain feed, can feed the feed of freshwater shrimp or Penaeus Vannmei that protein content is 36% or more, daily to throw 3 times, when 7~8,16~
When 17,21~22 when respectively feed primary, the ratio of feeding is respectively 30%, 40%, the 30% of whole day feeding volume；Shrimp seedling specification 2.5
When~4cm, the freshwater shrimp feed that protein content is 34% can be fed；It is 34% that protein content is fed when specification reaches 4cm or more
Freshwater shrimp feed；Other feeds throw 2 times daily, when 8~9,17~18 when respectively throw primary, the ratio of feeding is respectively whole day feeding volume
35%, 65%；The 6%~10% of full pond shrimp weight, the control of cultivation middle and later periods is fed feeding amount beforehand control 4%~6%
When feed pond as complete as possible uniformly splash, in addition feeding amount also needs flexibly to be grasped according to " three fixed " principle, generally small with after feeding 4
When it is interior eat up for degree, check whether eat up can be used a small amount of feed is spread above the close string bag after sink under water, pull out after a period of time
It is surplus that the string bag sees whether the inside feed has, surplus to eat up with regard to explanation, has to remain and then second suitably reduces feeding volume day by day；
S6: disease control: for parasitic diseases such as infusorians, using zinc sulfate full pool spilling head, dosage is 0.3~0.5ppm, black
The bacteriosis such as gill disease, kwashiorkor, can be used chlorine dioxide or povidone iodine full pool spilling head is prevented and treated, dosage be 0.5~
0.6ppm continuously splashes secondary when being in a bad way, and when medication avoids the shrimp seedling shelling phase, and bacterial enteritis disease can external application chlorine dioxide
Or povidone iodine full pool spilling head, once a day, continuous quadratic；It is for oral administration using Norfloxacin or berberine hydrochloride and Xin Nuomin and big
The mixing of allicin or Radix Isatidis, 6~7 days courses for the treatment of, can obtain good efficacy, and compound dimension life is usually added in freshwater shrimp feed
Element, glycine betaine, beta glucan are fed, and freshwater shrimp can be remarkably reinforced, resistivity is immunized；
S7: harvesting fishing: wherein Chinese celery harvesting refers to harvests March in batches in early October to second year；Refer at shrimp fishing 9
Month last ten-days period start to catch, and catch successively and stay greatly small, wheel catches listing, around the Spring Festival catches freshwater shrimp in pond only.
2. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step S1
Middle pool bottom mud is no more than 10cm.
3. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step S2
In water temperature and the pond water temperature temperature difference should be less than being equal to 5 DEG C in transport case when putting in a suitable place to breed, adhere to that band water operates when shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, movement is light
Fastly.
4. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step S1
In circular groove in be provided with intake-discharge pipe, the intake-discharge pipe is made of inlet and outlet piping, water inlet pipe and drainpipe, described
One end of inlet and outlet piping be connected with circular groove, the other end of the inlet and outlet piping is connected with water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe
It is inside provided with check valve, the drainpipe is connected on the side wall of inlet and outlet piping, and solenoid valve, institute are provided in the water pipe
It is additionally provided with water pump and oxygen increasing pump in the inlet and outlet piping stated, the dissolved oxygen amount 5mg/L or more of water in pond is made by oxygen increasing pump.
5. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the inlet/outlet pipe
One end that road is connected to circular groove has been removably installed end cap, and through slot, the disengaging are offered at the center of the end cap
Limit base is provided in pipeline, being fixedly clamped between the limit base and end cap has strainer filtering device.
6. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the strainer mistake
Filtering device includes upper clamping framework, lower clamping framework and filter plate, and the upper clamping framework is vertically connected with lower clamping framework, institute
The filter plate stated is fixedly clamped between upper clamping framework and lower clamping framework, between the upper clamping framework and lower clamping framework
It is detachably connected with four pieces of filter plates.
7. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step S2
In put in a suitable place to breed during need to carry out oxygenation management, the oxygenation management referred to since April, and aerator is daily after midnight
It is switched on to daybreak, fine day afternoon is switched on 1 hour, and weather is sultry or thunderstorm weather is easy to happen anoxia phenomenon, needs whole day to open and increases
Oxygen machine carries out water-filling oxygenation.
8. according to a kind of ecological cultivation method of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Need to carry out vernalization root of hair during cultivating in rapid S3, the vernalization root of hair refers to while the whole pool, by first half of the year pond
In the pool there are Chinese celery kind strain extract with root, remove top tip after cleaning, be bundled into wisp, be deposited in shady and cool local vernalization, above cover rice
Grass, the high 70~100cm of Chinese celery heap, root intersect and stack, cover wet straw screen or mat above to root to the tip, the tip, daily each watering one sooner or later
It is secondary, it keeps wet, and check in time, prevents from going rotten, can be transplanted when young shoot grows 1cm within 7~15 days, the mother of bud will have been urged with knife
Stem is cut into, and 20~40cm long is stand-by.
9. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S5
Freshwater shrimp mixed fodder includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 20~30 parts of wheat germ powder, 10~20 parts of wheat bran, rice bran 10~15
Part, 2~8 parts of corn flour, 2~6 parts of cushaw stem, 2~4 parts of the sesame dregs of fat and 1~10 part of Chinese medicine additive.
10. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of freshwater shrimp and Chinese celery according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the Chinese medicine adds
Adding agent includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 2~3 parts of Zornia diphylla (Linn.) Pers, 2~3 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 1~2 part of wild chrysanthemum, 1~2 part of cymbopogon distans, gold
0.2~0.8 part of honeysuckle flower, 0.2~0.6 part of hawthorn, 0.1~0.3 part of fructus lycii, 0.1~0.3 part of eupatorium and 0.1~0.2 part of rhizoma anemarrhenae.
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| CN202135587U (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2012-02-08 | 叶军 | Ecological and environment-friendly device for breeding loach efficiently |
| CN202385618U (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-08-22 | 华中农业大学 | Circulative temperature-controllable fry hatcher |
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Application publication date: 20181221 |