CN109019964A - 一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料 - Google Patents
一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109019964A CN109019964A CN201810938197.1A CN201810938197A CN109019964A CN 109019964 A CN109019964 A CN 109019964A CN 201810938197 A CN201810938197 A CN 201810938197A CN 109019964 A CN109019964 A CN 109019964A
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002915 BiVO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- PAJMKGZZBBTTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxyoctyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cyclopenta[g]naphthalen-5-yl]oxy]acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C(OCC(O)=O)C2=C1CC1C(CCC(O)CCCCC)C(O)CC1C2 PAJMKGZZBBTTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000373 fatty alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical group [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxyl radical free radical Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTJGVAJYTOXFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=CC(N)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C21 MTJGVAJYTOXFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- NGIISMJJMXRCCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[N+](=O)(O)[O-] Chemical compound [Ru].[N+](=O)(O)[O-] NGIISMJJMXRCCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/847—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
- B01J23/8472—Vanadium
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土30‑50%、纳米贝壳粉10‑15%、复合光催化剂5‑10%、表面活性剂1‑3%、分散剂0.5‑2%、去离子水20‑35%;所述的纳米陶瓷材料应用于节能环保污水处理装置中,所述的节能环保污水处理装置包括沉污池、供氧池和光催化池,光催化池包括过滤镜、三菱镜和光催化体系,所述的光催化体系包括第一光催化机构、第二光催化机构和光源,第一光催化机构和第二光催化机构均由连接杆和光催化网组成,所述的光催化网由多孔基纳米陶瓷材料制成,复合光催化剂Zr‑BiVO4负载到活化的硅藻土和纳米贝壳粉上,增加了光催化剂的催化面积,大大提高了复合光催化剂Zr‑BiVO4的对污水中有机物的降解速率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理技术领域,具体是一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料。
背景技术
水污染是现社会面临的严峻问题之一,水处理技术粗略分为两类:生物处理技术和物化处理技术。其中生物处理技术是废水净化的主要工艺。随着工业的不断发展,环境污染日益严重,人们对环境的要求不断提高,传统水处理工艺中的物理方法、生物方法往往不能得到满意的结果。
光催化氧化技术是近20年才出现的水处理新技术。光催化氧化法在环境保护上的应用已引起世界各国高度重视,我国在这方面也加强了投资力度。近几年来,光催化氧化法处理COD以成本低、无二次污染的突出优点,已得到人们的普遍认可。光催化氧化还原机理主要是催化剂受光照射,吸收光能,发生电子跃迁,生成“电子-空穴”对,对吸附于表面的污染物,直接进行氧化还原,或氧化表面吸附的羟基,生成强氧化性的羟基自由基将污染物氧化。
在污水处理过程中,由于污水中存在大量的颗粒状和絮状污泥,在光催化氧化过程中污泥易结块或沉淀于灯管上,从而导致光线遮挡,降低了光催化效果,不利于污水处理效率。
现有常用的光催化剂为TiO2,TiO2光催化剂存在自身的局限性,带隙能较大,为3.2eV,只有当波长小于387.5nm的紫外光照射到其表面时,其电子才能被激发,而太阳光中紫外部分低于5%,且对室内可见光利用率更低。另外,经过激发TiO2产生的光生电子和空穴很容易发生复合,导致激发的氧化活性较高的羟基自由基减少,这在一定程度上也限制了TiO2在光催化领域的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,该纳米陶瓷材料应用于节能环保污水处理装置中,催化效果好,提高了污水的处理效率。
本发明需要解决的技术问题为:
(1)、如何提供一种具有高催化活性的纳米陶瓷材料;
(2)、污水处理装置中的沉淀池污泥易积累不便清楚,沉淀池中的过滤网易堵塞;
(3)、如何提高污水处理效率。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土30-50%、纳米贝壳粉10-15%、复合光催化剂5-10%、表面活性剂1-3%、分散剂0.5-2%、去离子水20-35%;
所述的复合光催化剂为为Zr-BiVO4光催化剂,Zr-BiVO4光催化剂的制备方法为:
(1)将硝酸铋溶解在55-60%浓硝酸中,边搅拌边加水稀释至5-7mol/L,搅拌均匀后得到硝酸铋酸溶液;
(2)将偏钒酸钾溶解在5-7mol/L氢氧化钾溶液中,搅拌均匀后得到偏钒酸钾溶液;
(3)边搅拌硝酸铋酸溶液将偏钒酸钾溶液滴入其中,滴加完毕后,搅拌15-20min;
(4)将硝酸锆加入到步骤(3)的混合溶液中,搅拌溶解完全,加入稀硝酸或者稀氢氧化钾溶液调节溶液pH为中性,继续搅拌20-30min;
(5)将步骤(4)的混合溶液转移到有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢水热釜中密封反应,反应结束后,取出反应釜,冷却至室温,除去上层清液,离心,洗涤、干燥后得到了Zr-BiVO4光催化剂粉末,Zr-BiVO4光催化剂粉末的粒径为10-100nm。
进一步,所述的硝酸铋、偏钒酸钾和硝酸锆的摩尔比为1:1.1-1.3:0.01-0.015。
进一步,步骤(5)所述的密封反应条件为在160-165℃下反应5-7h。
进一步,所述的表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵;
所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌。
进一步,该纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡2-5h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1-1.5h;(b)以10-15℃/min的升温速率升温到700℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧40-60min;(c)以6-8℃/min的升温速率升温到1000℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧20-30min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为7-80nm;
S2、贝壳粉的制备:将贝壳用清水洗净,干燥后放入球磨机粉碎至0.1-0.6mm的贝壳粗微粉;将贝壳粗微粉采用10%的硝酸浸泡2-5h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1-1.5h;(b)以10-15℃/min的升温速率升温到700℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧40-60min;(c)以5-7℃/min的升温速率升温到1000℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧20-30min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温;将煅烧后的贝壳粉进行研磨粉碎,即得到了活化的纳米贝壳粉,活化的纳米贝壳粉的粒径为8-75nm;
S3、纳米陶瓷材料的制备:将复合光催化剂和去离子水加入到球磨机中混合均匀,加入步骤S1制备的活化的硅藻土和S2制备的纳米贝壳粉,机械混合2-3.5h,使得复合光催化剂充分吸附到硅藻土的层格间,加入表面活性剂和分散剂,充分混合均匀,蒸发除去水,放入马弗炉中在400-550℃下进行煅烧3-5h,研磨后即得到了复合光催化剂固定负载的多孔基纳米陶瓷材料,多孔基纳米陶瓷材料的粒径为11-120nm。
进一步,所述的纳米陶瓷材料应用于节能环保污水处理装置中,所述的节能环保污水处理装置包括沉污池、供氧池和光催化池,由下到上沉污池、供氧池和光催化池依次连接;
所述的沉污池的内部连接有过滤网,沉污池的外部连接有进水机构和排污机构,所述的进水机构包括供水泵和供水管,供水泵和供水管连接,供水管上连接有供水阀;所述的排污机构包括排污泵和排污管,排污泵和排污管连接,排污管上连接有排污阀;
所述的沉污池和供氧池之间设有供气机构,所述的供气机构包括空气发生器、供气主管、供气支管和内支管,空气发生器、供气主管、供气支管位于节能环保污水处理装置的外部,内支管位于节能环保污水处理装置的内部,供气主管的一端与空气发生器连接,供气主管的另一端与供气支管连接,供气主管上连接有供气阀,供气支管和内支管螺接连接,内支管上开有供气孔;
所述的供氧池包括两个对称设置的搅拌机构,搅拌机构包括微型电机和搅拌轴,微型电机连接在供氧池的外壁上,搅拌轴与微型电机连接,搅拌轴分布有两层搅拌刀;
所述的光催化池包括过滤镜、三菱镜和光催化体系,滤镜位于供氧池和光催化池之间,滤镜上均匀分布有过滤孔和六棱镜,六棱镜位于滤镜的上表面,所述的三菱镜连接在光催化池的两侧;
所述的光催化体系包括第一光催化机构、第二光催化机构和光源,第一光催化机构和第二光催化机构均由连接杆和光催化网组成,所述的光催化网由多孔基纳米陶瓷材料制成,第一光催化机构位于第二光催化机构的下方,第一光催化机构和第二光催化机构交错设置;所述的光源包括紫外灯和滤光片,紫外灯均匀的连接在光催化池顶端内壁上,滤光片位于紫外灯的下方。
进一步,所述的过滤网为斗笠形。
进一步,所述的沉污池的底部设有倾斜底座,该倾斜底座的横截面为三角形,倾斜底座的高端口平面与供水管的下端切面在同一平面,倾斜底座的低端口平面与排污管的下端切面在同一平面。
进一步,所述滤光片将波长小于400nm的紫外光滤去。
进一步,所述的光催化池的顶部连接有出水管,出水管位于滤光片的下方。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)采用水热法将Zr掺杂到BiVO4中进行改性处理,提高了BiVO4的可见光范围,减少其光生电子-空穴复合,大大提高其光催化性能,水热法因其制备温度相对较低、晶粒结晶度好、分散性好、粒径分布窄,控制反应温度为178-182℃和硝酸钌的加入量,制得的复合光催化剂Zr-BiVO4为正交晶型,光催化性能较佳,再将复合光催化剂Zr-BiVO4负载到活化的硅藻土和纳米贝壳粉上,增加了光催化剂的催化面积,大大提高了复合光催化剂Zr-BiVO4的对污水中有机物的降解速率;
(2)所述的节能环保污水处理装置包括沉污池、供氧池和光催化池,由下到上沉污池、供氧池和光催化池依次连接;沉污池的底部设有倾斜底座,该倾斜底座的横截面为三角形,倾斜底座的高端口平面与供水管的下端切面在同一平面,倾斜底座的低端口平面与排污管的下端切面在同一平面,倾斜底座有效的防止了污泥在沉污池的积累,沉污池的内部连接有过滤网,过滤网用于过滤污水中污泥和大颗粒物,过滤网为斗笠形,斗笠形的过滤网由于大颗粒物重力的作用不利于其粘附,有效的防止了过滤网的堵塞问题;
(3)所述的光催化池包括过滤镜、三菱镜和光催化体系,所述的光催化体系包括第一光催化机构、第二光催化机构和光源,第一光催化机构和第二光催化机构均由连接杆和光催化网组成,所述的光催化网由多孔基纳米陶瓷材料制成,滤镜上均匀分布有过滤孔和六棱镜,过滤孔可以均匀的分散含氧污水,同时减缓水流,延长含氧污水的光催化反应时间,六棱镜位于滤镜的上表面,用于光线的反射,充分的利用光源;所述的三菱镜连接在光催化池的两侧,同时是用于光线的反射,充分的利用光源;这样紫外灯均匀的连接在光催化池顶端内壁上,无需在整个光催化池中安装紫外灯,节约能源,滤光片位于紫外灯的下方,所述滤光片可将波长小于400nm的紫外光滤去,保留可见光,利用可见光照射到多孔基纳米陶瓷材料上,供气机构用于节能环保污水处理装置的空气持续供应,替换了氧气瓶,充分的利用空气,节约能源,多孔基纳米陶瓷材料与含氧污水作用从而实现对污水的快速处理,降解污水中的有机物,提高了对污水的处理速率,排出合格的水,维护水源,有利于水源的环保。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种节能环保污水处理装置的结构示意图;
图2为过滤镜的结构示意图;
图3为图1中A-A面的剖视图;
图4为供气机构的结构示意图;
附图标注:
1-沉污池,11-倾斜底座,12-进水机构,121-供水泵,122-供水管,123-供水阀,13-排污机构,131-排污泵,132-排污管,133-排污阀,14-过滤网;2-供氧池,21-微型电机,22-搅拌轴,23-搅拌刀;3-光催化池,31-过滤镜,311-过滤孔,312-六棱镜,32-三菱镜,33-第一光催化机构,331-连接杆,332-光催化网,34-第二光催化机构,35-紫外灯,36-滤光片,37-出水管;4-供气机构,41-空气发生器,42-供气主管,43-供气支管,44-内支管,441-供气孔,45-供气阀。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明为一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,各原料的重量百分比为:各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土45%、纳米贝壳粉10%、复合光催化剂8%、表面活性剂2%、分散剂1%、去离子水34%;
所述的复合光催化剂为为Zr-BiVO4光催化剂,Zr-BiVO4光催化剂的制备方法为:
(1)将10mol硝酸铋溶解在60%浓硝酸中,边搅拌边加水稀释至5mol/L,搅拌均匀后得到硝酸铋酸溶液;
(2)将11mol偏钒酸钾溶解在5mol/L氢氧化钾溶液中,搅拌均匀后得到偏钒酸钾溶液;
(3)边搅拌硝酸铋酸溶液将偏钒酸钾溶液滴入其中,滴加完毕后,搅拌15-20min;
(4)将0.12mol硝酸锆加入到步骤(3)的混合溶液中,搅拌溶解完全,加入稀硝酸或者稀氢氧化钾溶液调节溶液pH为中性,继续搅拌25min;
(5)将步骤(4)的混合溶液转移到有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢水热釜中密封反应,反应结束后,取出反应釜,冷却至室温,除去上层清液,离心,洗涤、干燥后得到了Zr-BiVO4光催化剂粉末,Zr-BiVO4光催化剂粉末的粒径为10-100nm;
所述的表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵;
所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌;
该纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡3h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1h;(b)以12℃/min的升温速率升温到700℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧50min;(c)以6℃/min的升温速率升温到1000℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧25min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为7-80nm;
S2、贝壳粉的制备:将贝壳用清水洗净,干燥后放入球磨机粉碎至0.1-0.6mm的贝壳粗微粉;将贝壳粗微粉采用10%的硝酸浸泡4h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1h;(b)以10℃/min的升温速率升温到700℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧50min;(c)以6℃/min的升温速率升温到1000℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧20min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温;将煅烧后的贝壳粉进行研磨粉碎,即得到了活化的纳米贝壳粉,活化的纳米贝壳粉的粒径为8-75nm。
S3、纳米陶瓷材料的制备:将复合光催化剂和去离子水加入到球磨机中混合均匀,加入步骤S1制备的活化的硅藻土和S2制备的纳米贝壳粉,机械混合2-3.5h,使得复合光催化剂充分吸附到硅藻土的层格间,加入表面活性剂和分散剂,充分混合均匀,蒸发除去水,放入马弗炉中在400℃下进行煅烧4h,研磨后即得到了复合光催化剂固定负载的多孔基纳米陶瓷材料,多孔基纳米陶瓷材料的粒径为11-120nm。
请参阅图1-4所示,所述的多孔基纳米陶瓷材料应用于节能环保污水处理装置中,所述的节能环保污水处理装置包括沉污池1、供氧池2和光催化池3,由下到上沉污池1、供氧池2和光催化池3依次连接;
所述的沉污池1的内部连接有过滤网14,过滤网14用于过滤污水中污泥和大颗粒物,过滤网14为斗笠形,斗笠形的过滤网14由于大颗粒物重力的作用不利于其粘附,有效的防止了过滤网14的堵塞问题;沉污池1的外部连接有进水机构12和排污机构13,所述的进水机构12包括供水泵121和供水管122,供水泵121和供水管122连接,供水管122上连接有供水阀123;所述的排污机构13包括排污泵131和排污管132,排污泵131和排污管132连接,排污管132上连接有排污阀133;沉污池1的底部设有倾斜底座11,该倾斜底座11的横截面为三角形,倾斜底座11的高端口平面与供水管122的下端切面在同一平面,倾斜底座11的低端口平面与排污管132的下端切面在同一平面;
所述的沉污池1和供氧池2之间设有供气机构4,所述的供气机构4包括空气发生器41、供气主管42、供气支管43和内支管44,空气发生器41、供气主管42、供气支管43位于节能环保污水处理装置的外部,内支管44位于节能环保污水处理装置的内部,供气主管42的一端与空气发生器41连接,供气主管42的另一端与供气支管43连接,供气主管42上连接有供气阀45,供气支管43和内支管44螺接连接,内支管44上开有供气孔441;供气机构4用于节能环保污水处理装置的空气持续供应,替换了氧气瓶,充分的利用空气,节约能源;
所述的供氧池2包括两个对称设置的搅拌机构,搅拌机构包括微型电机21和搅拌轴22,微型电机21连接在供氧池2的外壁上,搅拌轴22与微型电机21连接,搅拌轴22分布有两层搅拌刀23,搅拌机构可更加均匀的搅拌污水和供气机构4供给的空气,便于氧气的溶解,提高光催化池3的催化效率;
所述的光催化池3包括过滤镜31、三菱镜32和光催化体系,滤镜31位于供氧池2和光催化池3之间,滤镜31上均匀分布有过滤孔311和六棱镜312,过滤孔311可以均匀的分散含氧污水,同时减缓水流,延长含氧污水的光催化反应时间,六棱镜312位于滤镜31的上表面,用于光线的反射,充分的利用光源;所述的三菱镜32连接在光催化池3的两侧,同时是用于光线的反射,充分的利用光源;
所述的光催化体系包括第一光催化机构33、第二光催化机构34和光源,第一光催化机构33和第二光催化机构34均由连接杆331和光催化网332组成,所述的光催化网332由多孔基纳米陶瓷材料制成,第一光催化机构33位于第二光催化机构34的下方,第一光催化机构33和第二光催化机构34交错设置;所述的光源包括紫外灯35和滤光片36,紫外灯35均匀的连接在光催化池3顶端内壁上,无需在整个光催化池3中安装紫外灯,节约能源,滤光片36位于紫外灯35的下方,所述滤光片36可将波长小于400nm的紫外光滤去,保留可见光,利用可见光照射到多孔基纳米陶瓷材料上,多孔基纳米陶瓷材料与污水作用从而实现对污水的处理,降解污水中的有机物,排出合格的水,维护水源,有利于水源的环保。
所述的光催化池3的顶部连接有出水管37,出水管37位于滤光片36的下方。
实施例2
节能环保污水处理装置的工作效果实验:
选用水A:
表1.选用排污水
COD(ppm) | 氨氮(ppm) | Cl-(ppm) | SS(ppm) | |
排污水A | 1500 | 400 | 130 | 100 |
表2.水质标准
COD(ppm) | 氨氮(ppm) | Cl-(ppm) | SS(ppm) | |
出水 | 350 | 20 | 150 | 20 |
分别将1t污水A从进水机构12进入沉污池1,污泥和大颗粒物下沉,污泥顺着倾斜底座11经排污机构13排出,污水经过过滤网14,进入到供氧池2,空气发生器41开启,打开供气阀45,空气通过供气孔44进入到污水中,开启搅拌机构,空气中的氧气溶解在污水中,溶氧的污水经过过滤镜31,过滤孔311将溶氧的污水均匀的分散,同时减缓水流,紫外灯35开启照射3h,光线经滤光片36分别照射到第一光催化机构33、第二光催化机构34、过滤镜31和三菱镜32上,含氧污水在光照下,多孔基纳米陶瓷材料催化氧化污水中的有机物,最后经出水管37排出;经检测排出水的COD含量为65ppm,氨氮、Cl-和SS均达标。
实施例3
节能环保污水处理装置的工作效果实验:
选用水B:
表2.选用排污水B
COD(ppm) | 氨氮(ppm) | Cl-(ppm) | SS(ppm) | |
排污水B | 1400 | 450 | 350 | 120 |
表2.水质标准
COD(ppm) | 氨氮(ppm) | Cl-(ppm) | SS(ppm) | |
出水 | 350 | 20 | 150 | 20 |
分别将1t污水B从进水机构12进入沉污池1,污泥和大颗粒物下沉,污泥顺着倾斜底座11经排污机构13排出,污水经过过滤网14,进入到供氧池2,空气发生器41开启,打开供气阀45,空气通过供气孔44进入到污水中,空气中的氧气溶解在污水中,溶氧的污水经过过滤镜31,过滤孔311将溶氧的污水均匀的分散,同时减缓水流,紫外灯35开启4h,光线经滤光片36分别照射到第一光催化机构33、第二光催化机构34、过滤镜31和三菱镜32上,含氧污水在光照下,多孔基纳米陶瓷材料催化氧化污水中的有机物,最后经出水管37排出,经检测排出水的COD含量为50ppm,氨氮、Cl-和SS均达标。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土30-50%、纳米贝壳粉10-15%、复合光催化剂5-10%、表面活性剂1-3%、分散剂0.5-2%、去离子水20-35%;
所述的复合光催化剂为为Zr-BiVO4光催化剂,Zr-BiVO4光催化剂的制备方法为:
(1)将硝酸铋溶解在55-60%浓硝酸中,边搅拌边加水稀释至5-7mol/L,搅拌均匀后得到硝酸铋酸溶液;
(2)将偏钒酸钾溶解在5-7mol/L氢氧化钾溶液中,搅拌均匀后得到偏钒酸钾溶液;
(3)边搅拌硝酸铋酸溶液将偏钒酸钾溶液滴入其中,滴加完毕后,搅拌15-20min;
(4)将硝酸锆加入到步骤(3)的混合溶液中,搅拌溶解完全,加入稀硝酸或者稀氢氧化钾溶液调节溶液pH为中性,继续搅拌20-30min;
(5)将步骤(4)的混合溶液转移到有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢水热釜中密封反应,反应结束后,取出反应釜,冷却至室温,除去上层清液,离心,洗涤、干燥后得到了Zr-BiVO4光催化剂粉末,Zr-BiVO4光催化剂粉末的粒径为10-100nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述的硝酸铋、偏钒酸钾和硝酸锆的摩尔比为1:1.1-1.3:0.01-0.015。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述的密封反应条件为在160-165℃下反应5-7h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述的表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵;
所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:该纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡2-5h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1-1.5h;(b)以10-15℃/min的升温速率升温到700℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧40-60min;(c)以6-8℃/min的升温速率升温到1000℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧20-30min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为7-80nm;
S2、贝壳粉的制备:将贝壳用清水洗净,干燥后放入球磨机粉碎至0.1-0.6mm的贝壳粗微粉;将贝壳粗微粉采用10%的硝酸浸泡2-5h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1-1.5h;(b)以10-15℃/min的升温速率升温到700℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧40-60min;(c)以5-7℃/min的升温速率升温到1000℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧20-30min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温;将煅烧后的贝壳粉进行研磨粉碎,即得到了活化的纳米贝壳粉,活化的纳米贝壳粉的粒径为8-75nm;
S3、纳米陶瓷材料的制备:将复合光催化剂和去离子水加入到球磨机中混合均匀,加入步骤S1制备的活化的硅藻土和S2制备的纳米贝壳粉,机械混合2-3.5h,使得复合光催化剂充分吸附到硅藻土的层格间,加入表面活性剂和分散剂,充分混合均匀,蒸发除去水,放入马弗炉中在400-550℃下进行煅烧3-5h,研磨后即得到了复合光催化剂固定负载的多孔基纳米陶瓷材料,多孔基纳米陶瓷材料的粒径为11-120nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述的纳米陶瓷材料应用于节能环保污水处理装置中,所述的节能环保污水处理装置包括沉污池(1)、供氧池(2)和光催化池(3),由下到上沉污池(1)、供氧池(2)和光催化池(3)依次连接;
所述的沉污池(1)的内部连接有过滤网(14),沉污池(1)的外部连接有进水机构(12)和排污机构(13),所述的进水机构(12)包括供水泵(121)和供水管(122),供水泵(121)和供水管(122)连接,供水管(122)上连接有供水阀(123);所述的排污机构(13)包括排污泵(131)和排污管(132),排污泵(131)和排污管(132)连接,排污管(132)上连接有排污阀(133);
所述的沉污池(1)和供氧池(2)之间设有供气机构(4),所述的供气机构(4)包括空气发生器(41)、供气主管(42)、供气支管(43)和内支管(44),空气发生器(41)、供气主管(42)、供气支管(43)位于节能环保污水处理装置的外部,内支管(44)位于节能环保污水处理装置的内部,供气主管(42)的一端与空气发生器(41)连接,供气主管(42)的另一端与供气支管(43)连接,供气主管(42)上连接有供气阀(45),供气支管(43)和内支管(44)螺接连接,内支管(44)上开有供气孔(441);
所述的供氧池(2)包括两个对称设置的搅拌机构,搅拌机构包括微型电机(21)和搅拌轴(22),微型电机(21)连接在供氧池(2)的外壁上,搅拌轴(22)与微型电机(21)连接,搅拌轴(22)分布有两层搅拌刀(23);
所述的光催化池(3)包括过滤镜(31)、三菱镜(32)和光催化体系,滤镜(31)位于供氧池(2)和光催化池(3)之间,滤镜(31)上均匀分布有过滤孔(311)和六棱镜(312),六棱镜(312)位于滤镜(31)的上表面,所述的三菱镜(32)连接在光催化池(3)的两侧;
所述的光催化体系包括第一光催化机构(33)、第二光催化机构(34)和光源,第一光催化机构(33)和第二光催化机构(34)均由连接杆(331)和光催化网(332)组成,所述的光催化网(332)由多孔基纳米陶瓷材料制成,第一光催化机构(33)位于第二光催化机构(34)的下方,第一光催化机构(33)和第二光催化机构(34)交错设置;所述的光源包括紫外灯(35)和滤光片(36),紫外灯(35)均匀的连接在光催化池(3)顶端内壁上,滤光片(36)位于紫外灯(35)的下方。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述的过滤网(14)为斗笠形。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述的沉污池(1)的底部设有倾斜底座(11),该倾斜底座(11)的横截面为三角形,倾斜底座(11)的高端口平面与供水管(122)的下端切面在同一平面,倾斜底座(11)的低端口平面与排污管(132)的下端切面在同一平面。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述滤光片(36)将波长小于400nm的紫外光滤去。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于环保的纳米陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述的光催化池(3)的顶部连接有出水管(37),出水管(37)位于滤光片(36)的下方。
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