CN109006232A - A kind of edible gourd cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of edible gourd cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006232A CN109006232A CN201810425782.1A CN201810425782A CN109006232A CN 109006232 A CN109006232 A CN 109006232A CN 201810425782 A CN201810425782 A CN 201810425782A CN 109006232 A CN109006232 A CN 109006232A
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- Prior art keywords
- edible gourd
- liquid
- cultural method
- gourd
- edible
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of edible gourd cultural methods.Mainly comprise the steps that variety selection, plot selection, sowing time selection, nurturing staff, fertilising site preparation bedding, sowing in the field and field planting, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvesting.Implantation methods of the present invention can make full use of facility, save cost, and edible gourd of more normal spring greenhouse cultivation shifts to an earlier date 30d or so listing, economic benefit increases by 20% or so.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture fields, more specifically, it relates to a kind of edible gourd cultural method.
Background technique
Edible gourd also known as bottle gourd, flat Pu, nightflower；Curcurbitaceae, hois spp.Annual climber herbaceous plant.It is supplied with okra fruit
Food, West Africa is cooked with tender seedling and tender leaf.Edible gourd is a kind of Common Vegetables, happiness temperature, not low temperature resistant, sick in the case where sunny
Evil is few, so spring edible gourd is cultivated with bracket, is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide edible gourd cultural method.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that
A kind of edible gourd cultural method comprising following step:
Step 1: variety selection；
Step 2: plot selection；
Step 3: sowing time selection；
Step 4: nurturing staff；
Step 5: fertilising site preparation bedding；
Step 6: sowing in the field and field planting；
Step 7: field management；
Step 8: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 9: harvesting.
Preferably, in step 1, edible gourd kind is selected from peace Gu Changpu, the long melon in Hangzhou, the long Pu in Wenzhou, Wenzhou circle Pu, Hubei Province
One of an a kind of edible gourd miscellaneous No. 3.
Preferably, in step 2,500~1000 meters of height above sea level, relatively deep loose, fertile, the pH value 6.5 of soil layer are selected
The plot plantation of melon crop is crossed at end kind in~7.0,2~3 years.
Preferably, in step 3, sowing time is the towel last ten-days period in late May to June.
Preferably, in step 4, two methods of sowing in the field and culturing and transplanting seedlings is can be used in edible gourd cultivation.
Preferably, in step 5,15~20 centimetres of ditch depth, 1.5 meters of wide (even ditch), mu apply decomposed manure 2000~
2500 kilograms, compound fertilizer or bicarbonate press 30~50 kilograms, calcium magnesium phosphate or 30~40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, in step 6, edible gourd planting density, furrow are 1.5 meters wide, every 2 row of ridge cultivation, and 1500~1600 plants of spacing in the rows.
Preferably, it in step 7, carries out tillage and weeding and litters covering, built ties up climing and training pinching, carries out plant
The processing of growth regulator ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, artificial supplementary pollination and fertilizer and water management.
Preferably, in step 8, disease control can use 1000 times of liquid of nitrile bacterium azoles emulsion or 20% triadimefon missible oil 600
150~200 times of liquid of~1000 times of liquid or biological pesticide Duokangling or 72% big raw 50 times of liquid of wettable powder or 25% first frost
500~700 times of liquid of clever wettable powder or the clear 800 times of liquid of wettable powder of 75,%00 mattress etc. are spraying；Aphid and thrips prevention and treatment can
With 10% time net 2000 times of liquid of wettable powder or 20% good 800~1000 times of liquid of year winter missible oil.Liriomyza bryoniae prevention and treatment is available
48% 600~800 times of liquid of Le Siben missible oil etc. is spraying.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described.It should be understood that being prepared described in the embodiment of the present invention
Method is only used for illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the invention, makes under concept thereof of the invention to the present invention
The simple modifications of Preparation Method belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Cultural method embodiment:
Variety selection: pulp cultivar will select the huge market demand, in summer according to consumption habit and market needs
The kind that Plain cannot cultivate；The kind for selecting excellent resistance, quality, high yield, commodity good.It is suitable for the kind of cultivation at present
Row: peace Gu Changpu, the long melon in Hangzhou, the long Pu in Wenzhou, Wenzhou circle Pu, Hubei Province a kind of edible gourd miscellaneous No. 3 etc..
The selection of cultivation plot: edible gourd cultivation plot will select 500~1000 meters of height above sea level, and soil layer is relatively deep loose, fertile
Fertile, the plot plantation of melon crop is crossed at end kind in pH value 6.5~7.0,2~3 years.
The selection in sowing time: the Suitable Sowing Period of edible gourd is mainly determined according to its biological characteristics and time to market (TTM).
Because edible gourd of cultivation begins to receive as 45~50 days from being seeded into, supply market hours are mainly late July to late September thus its
Suitable Sowing Period is the towel last ten-days period in late May to June, suitably can early be disclosed in the area of height above sea level, and as height above sea level reduces, sowing time is suitable
When delaying.
Nurturing staff: two methods of sowing in the field and culturing and transplanting seedlings can be used in edible gourd cultivation, more using putting for live streaming at present.
Culturing and transplanting seedlings, fertile 1~2 true leaf seedling and 3~4 true leaf seedlings.Strong flower is cultivated, is to obtain good quality and high output
Efficient basis.
(1) seed treatment.Edible gourd sowing quantity in crop field is 150~200 grams per acre.It before sowing, basks seeds 1~2 day, kills seed
Surface pathogen mattress, and germination can be promoted.Using hoting water treatment of seeds, is soaked 15 minutes in 55 DEG C of warm water, then water temperature is allowed to drop to
30 DEG C of seed soaking.Edible gourd kind skin is thicker, not hygroscopic, neat rapidly in germination in order to make edible gourd seed sufficiently absorb water, and needs to soak
Kind 8~12 hours.After seed soaking, seed is washed by rubbing with the hands, the sundries that seed appearance adheres to is cleaned, then with the wet towel or wet yarn wrung out
Cloth is wrapped, old friend's constant incubator or have heating, temperature keeping place carry out vernalization.When there is 60%~70% seed to grow radicle, i.e.,
When " showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally ", so that it may sow.
(2) it sows.Nutrition Soil and seedbed preparation need to be performed prior to seeding using culturing and transplanting seedlings.Nutritive soil preparation can use rice
The pig manure of Tian Tujia 8%~10%, 0.2% calcium superphosphate, 0.2% compound fertilizer, smash and mix thoroughly, and covered with plastic film
It is sieved within composting 30 days or more.Crop field edible gourd need to prepare to educate the area of quotient's bed per acre are as follows: educating tree transplanted needs 18~20 square metres, educates
Cotyledon transplantation of seedlings needs 4~5 square metres.Seedbed will be made into zanjon high ridge, and furrow are even 1.4~1.5 meters of ditch wide, and educating the seedbed grown sturdily greatly needs to spread
It 8~10 centimetres of Nutrition Soil, educates seed plantlet and spreads 4~5 centimetres；Or Nutrition Soil is packed into sheet, plastic nutrition bowl or cave and was made a basket.?
The seed of vernalization is directly put and is sowed in seedbed, 8~10 centimetres of seed spacing or is directly sowed in nutritive cube or hole tray.Blinding 1~
1.5 centimetres, cover mulch heat and moisture preserving.After being unearthed, cloud covering is taken off in time, prevents excessive growth.
(3) seedling management.Because late May and mid or late June are generally rainy season, drench with rain injury seedling in order to prevent, to take
Build plastics Small plastic shed.Fine day will open film, prevent high temperature from hurting the seedlings.It should not frequently water, watering when preferably surface soil is shown in white in seedbed.
Fertilising, site preparation bedding: edible gourd site preparation requires early to turn over and plough deeply, and accomplishes careful site preparation, makees a ditch height and warms up, and ditch depth 15~
20 centimetres, 1.5 meters of wide (even ditch).Flesh suboutput is high, and fertilizer requirement is big, to use sufficient base manure, and general mu applies decomposed manure 2000
~2500 kilograms, compound fertilizer or bicarbonate press 30~50 kilograms, calcium magnesium phosphate or 30~40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate.Organic fertilizer and carbon
Sour hydrogen ammonium will open zanjon application among furrow, other chemical fertilizer can be spread fertilizer over the fields after furrow face, shallowly dig in tripping soil, finally furrow are made into
Turtleback shape, furrow face are carefully put down.
Sowing in the field and field planting: edible gourd planting density, furrow are 1.5 meters wide, every 2 row of ridge cultivation, and 1500~1600 plants of spacing in the rows.
(1) sowing in the field.Using the method for sowing in the field, have many advantages, such as not hurt root system, resistance, growth potential strong；But
Sowing and seedling management are improper, the disadvantages of being short of seedling, uneven emergence, more expense seeds easily occur.The method of live streaming；It is shallow that every furrow open 2 rows
Ditch or 2 rows cultivation spacing in the rows shallow cut per ton of pressing sow cave, and ditch, cave are 3~4 centimetres deep, and are watered with bottom water, the good kind of presoaking and germinating
Son is sowed in ditch or in cave by spacing in the rows, 1~2 seed of every bunch planting, 3~4 centimetres of seed spacing, covers 1~1.5 li of Nutrition Soil
Then rice handles careless anti-rain in sowing cave and keeps soil moisture, it is also possible to 1 meter of wide plastic film mulch furrow face, after seedling is unearthed, and
When with blade scratch mulch, gently pull out seedling, seedling surrounding obturaged with soil.Meanwhile to carry out looking into seedling early, fill the gaps with seedlings and
Seedling, every cave stay 1 plant of strong sprout, and well reinforces seedling management.
(2) it is colonized.Before plant, spray prevention and treatment pest and disease damage waters bed of growing sturdily, cuts soil block lifting with knife, reject sick seedling and weak seedling,
Strong sprout band medicine band soil block is selected to be colonized.When field planting, planting hole has been dug by spacing in the rows, seedling has been planted in cave, earthing is gently pressed, and allows wherein 2
Piece cotyledon exposes native 2 centimetres or so of face, pours root water immediately.Disease occurs in order to prevent, and more than 50% can be added in root water
Mattress spirit (500 times of liquid).
Stay reason in field:
(1) tillage and weeding and covering is littered.Pulp field planting after (or after sowing in the field) to built tie up it is climing before, shallowly intertilled
1~2 time, chesson removes weeds.Built tie up it is climing after, carry out ditch cleaning ridging, furrow face litters covering, to reduce ground temperature, guarantor
The effects of water, fertilizer conservation and holding loosing soil, promote vine growth and development.
(2) built ties up climing and training pinching.Edible gourd is cultivated using vertical frame type, straight, the melon skin uniform coloring conducive to edible gourd fruit shape,
Commodity is good.When plant grows to 30~40 centimetres, timely built to tie up climing.Built form has " people " font and hedge shape, with
It is more using " people " font.Frame material selects long 2.5 meters or so of thicker small bamboo or small timber, at from every plant 8~10 lis of plant
At rice, piece frame material of oblique cutting into furrow puts a crossbearer material tie up in two frame material infalls.It is climbed and people to facilitate lateral bine
Work point layer ties up cocoon, small bamboo or wing material rope is used on " people " cabinet frame, continue crossbearer 2~3.Plastic ties or straw handle are used after putting up frame
Main stem is tied on frame, and extends 20~30 centimetres with person's main stem or lateral bine, is tied up on frame main side is climing by several times.When main stem grows to height
To carry out pinching at 1.0-1.5 meters, stop is stayed to overgrow length, group is climing bear fruit after, stay 5~6 leaf pinching, grandson it is climing as a result, and
When be thinning out thin and delicate excessive growth side shoot, remove lopsided melon in time and without commodity melon, with every plant simultaneously 2 melons of knot it is preferable, it is also timely
Old leaf and sick leaf are extractd, ventilation and penetrating light is conducive to.
(3) processing of plant growth regulator ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid is carried out.Pulp main stem and son it is climing female flower occur later, in order to make pulp
It is early to show female flower and precocity fruiting, spray 1 ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid when 4~5 true leaves in seedling stage, concentration does that kilogram (1 persimmon water adds for 100~150 millis
5 milliliters of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid), whens 7~8 true leaves, sprays 1 time again.But application ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid when must be noted that the seedling weak to growth potential without
Processing；Reinforce fertilizer and water management after processing, promotes plant strain growth.It carries out ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid and handles field, to stay 1/4 plant without place
Reason is used with providing male flower pollination.
(4) artificial supplementary pollination.Edible gourd is cultivated generally without artificial supplementary pollination.Because edible gourd fruit is diclinism, night
Between the crop that blooms, the insects such as regional honeybee having are seldom, then need at candlelight to carry out artificial pollination, that is, it is open to win the same day
Male flower removes flower and debates, and is applied to female chapiter.
(5) fertilizer and water management.Edible gourd cultivates plant strain growth light spraying fertilizer early period, depending on the life of seedling under the premise of using sufficient base manure
Long situation and soil moisture situation compel to apply 10%~20% dilute night soil 2~3 times.After the harvesting of first melon, apply per acre compound
It is 10~15 kilograms or 7~l0 kilograms of urea fertile, 1 rich water is imposed after 2~3 batches of melons of every harvesting.0.2% phosphoric acid can be used by compeling fertilizer outside root
Potassium dihydrogen carries out foliar spray.
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Edible gourd Major Diseases have powdery mildew, epidemic disease, downy mildew, anthracnose etc., and Major Pests have aphid, wound horse, spot bath fly
Deng.The method that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control must take cultural control and chemical control to combine, chemical control is early, aims at prevention,
Make an accurate selection of counterpart pesticide.
Disease control can use 600~1000 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid of nitrile bacterium azoles emulsion or 20% triadimefon missible oil, or biological agriculture
150~200 times of liquid of medicine Duokangling or 72% big raw 50 times of liquid of wettable powder or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 500~
700 times of liquid or the clear 800 times of liquid of wettable powder of 75,%00 mattress etc. are spraying.
Aphid and thrips prevention and treatment can use 10% time net 2000 times of liquid of wettable powder or 20% good year winter missible oil 800-
1000 times of liquid.Liriomyza bryoniae prevention and treatment can be spraying with 48% 600~800 times of liquid of Le Siben missible oil etc..
Harvesting: edible gourd will requirement according to market to commercial quality, timely collecting, to improve fruit quality and accelerate subsequent
The growth of melon.Because edible gourd fruiting period is in high temperature season, fruit growth is fast, generally 12~15 days from blooming to harvesting；And pay attention to
Head batch melon preferably early harvests, and to promote vine growth and development, improves yield.Edible gourd picking preferably carries out in the morning, and melon will be placed on cool place
Place performs classification packaging, prevents machinery wound, the same day transports market sale to.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of edible gourd cultural method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1: variety selection；
Step 2: plot selection；
Step 3: sowing time selection；
Step 4: nurturing staff；
Step 5: fertilising site preparation bedding；
Step 6: sowing in the field and field planting；
Step 7: field management；
Step 8: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 9: harvesting.
2. edible gourd cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 1, edible gourd kind is in peace Gu Changpu, the long melon in Hangzhou, the long Pu in Wenzhou, Wenzhou circle Pu, Hubei Province a kind of edible gourd miscellaneous No. 3
It is a kind of.
3. edible gourd cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 2,500~1000 meters of height above sea level, relatively deep loose, fertile, the pH value 6.5~7.0,2~3 of soil layer are selected
The plot plantation of melon crop is crossed at end kind in year.
4. edible gourd cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 3, sowing time is the towel last ten-days period in late May to June.
5. edible gourd cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 4, two methods of sowing in the field and culturing and transplanting seedlings is can be used in edible gourd cultivation.
6. edible gourd cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 5,15~20 centimetres of ditch depth, 1.5 meters of wide (company's ditch), mu is applied 2000~2500 kilograms of decomposed manure, is answered
Hefei or bicarbonate press 30~50 kilograms, calcium magnesium phosphate or 30~40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate.
7. edible gourd cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 6, edible gourd planting density, furrow are wide
1.5 meters, every 2 row of ridge cultivation, 1500~1600 plants of spacing in the rows.
8. edible gourd cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include following step:
In step 7, carries out tillage and weeding and litter covering, built ties up climing and training pinching, carries out plant growth regulator second
The processing of alkene benefit, artificial supplementary pollination and fertilizer and water management.
9. edible gourd cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include following step:
In step 8, disease control can use 600~1000 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid of nitrile bacterium azoles emulsion or 20% triadimefon missible oil,
Or 150~200 times of liquid of biological pesticide Duokangling or 72% big raw 50 times of liquid of wettable powder or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder
500~700 times of liquid of agent or the clear 800 times of liquid of wettable powder of 75,%00 mattress etc. are spraying；Aphid and thrips prevention and treatment can be used 10% 1 time
Net 2000 times of liquid of wettable powder or 20% good 800~1000 times of liquid of year winter missible oil.Liriomyza bryoniae prevention and treatment can use 48% Le Siben cream
Oily 600~800 times of liquid etc. is spraying.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810425782.1A CN109006232A (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | A kind of edible gourd cultural method |
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| CN201810425782.1A CN109006232A (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | A kind of edible gourd cultural method |
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| CN103841818A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-06-04 | 夏普株式会社 | Illuminating device for plant cultivation, plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method |
| CN105472974A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2016-04-06 | 美比欧公司 | Plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method |
| CN105764329A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2016-07-13 | 高桥广介 | Plant cultivation system, plant cultivation device, and plant cultivation method |
| CN107249308A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-10-13 | 伊东电机株式会社 | Plant cultivating device and plant cultivation system |
-
2018
- 2018-05-04 CN CN201810425782.1A patent/CN109006232A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103841818A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-06-04 | 夏普株式会社 | Illuminating device for plant cultivation, plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method |
| CN105472974A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2016-04-06 | 美比欧公司 | Plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method |
| CN105764329A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2016-07-13 | 高桥广介 | Plant cultivation system, plant cultivation device, and plant cultivation method |
| CN107249308A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-10-13 | 伊东电机株式会社 | Plant cultivating device and plant cultivation system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 邱正明等: "《高山蔬菜高效生态种植技术》", 31 December 2009 * |
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