CN108996515A - 一种吸音材料及应用该吸音材料的扬声器箱 - Google Patents

一种吸音材料及应用该吸音材料的扬声器箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108996515A
CN108996515A CN201810849593.7A CN201810849593A CN108996515A CN 108996515 A CN108996515 A CN 108996515A CN 201810849593 A CN201810849593 A CN 201810849593A CN 108996515 A CN108996515 A CN 108996515A
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China
Prior art keywords
sound
absorbing material
molecular sieve
zeolite molecular
skeleton
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CN201810849593.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
戴际强
王和志
冯宏枢
黄国创
唐琨
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ACC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd
AAC Technologies Holdings Nanjing Co Ltd
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ACC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Application filed by ACC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd filed Critical ACC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd
Priority to CN201810849593.7A priority Critical patent/CN108996515A/zh
Publication of CN108996515A publication Critical patent/CN108996515A/zh
Priority to US16/522,687 priority patent/US10939195B2/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2803—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means for loudspeaker transducers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/06—Preparation of isomorphous zeolites characterised by measures to replace the aluminium or silicon atoms in the lattice framework by atoms of other elements, i.e. by direct or secondary synthesis
    • C01B39/065—Galloaluminosilicates; Group IVB- metalloaluminosilicates; Ferroaluminosilicates
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    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种吸音材料，包括杂原子沸石分子筛，所述杂原子沸石分子筛包括骨架及骨架外阳离子，所述骨架包括SiO2和包含金属M的金属氧化物MxOy，所述骨架中Si/M摩尔比为250～500，其中所述M包括Fe，所述骨架外阳离子为一价铜离子、一价银离子、一价金离子、碱金属离子或碱土金属离子中的至少一种。本发明还提供了一种应用该吸音材料的扬声器箱。与相关技术相比，本发明的扬声器箱的声学低频性能好。

Description

一种吸音材料及应用该吸音材料的扬声器箱
【技术领域】
本发明涉及材料领域，尤其涉及一种吸音材料及应用该吸音材料的扬声器箱。
【背景技术】
随着电子信息技术的快速发展，越来越多的电子产品应用到扬声器作为其发声部件，例如手机、笔记本电脑等。然而随着科技的进步，电子通讯设备越来越朝着小型化发展，扬声器箱的谐振空间也被进一步压缩，因此，在扬声器箱空腔中填装吸音材料，利用其对空气的吸附和脱附作用可以使得空气柔量得以提升，从而降低了扬声器的谐振频率，起到了虚拟地增大谐振空间的等效效果。
相关技术的一种扬声器箱，包括发声单体和填充有吸音材料的空腔，所述吸音材料主要包括沸石分子筛。
然而，相关技术中，所述沸石分子筛的骨架结构主要由硅或硅铝组成，其对于空气中的氧气的吸附能力有限，并且相对于氧气会优先吸附水蒸气，使得沸石或分子筛表现出的低频性能并不高，虽然在Si/Al＞200的高硅沸石范围内吸水性能得到一定的限制，但是对提高扬声器音质的作用有限。
因此，实有必要提供一种新的吸音材料及应用该吸音材料的扬声器箱解决上述技术问题。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的在于提供一种低频性能好的吸音材料及应用该吸音材料的扬声器箱。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供一种吸音材料，包括杂原子沸石分子筛，所述杂原子沸石分子筛包括骨架及骨架外阳离子，所述骨架包括SiO2和包含金属元素M的金属氧化物MxOy，所述骨架中Si/M摩尔比为250～500，其中所述M包括Fe，所述骨架外阳离子为一价铜离子、一价银离子、一价金离子、碱金属离子或碱土金属离子中的至少一种。
优选的，所述M还包括钛、锆、锡、铜、镓中的至少一种。
优选的，所述杂原子沸石分子筛的分子结构包括MFI、MEL、FER、BEA、MWT中的至少一种。
优选的，所述骨架外阳离子由所述杂原子沸石分子筛与盐类化合物通过阳离子交换形成。
优选的，所述杂原子沸石分子筛的粒径尺寸为0.1～10μm。
优选的，所述杂原子沸石分子筛的粒径尺寸为0.2～5μm。
优选的，所述杂原子沸石分子筛添加胶黏剂粘接成型为成型颗粒，所述成型颗粒的粒径尺寸为10～1000μm。
优选的，所述成型颗粒的粒径尺寸为50～500μm。
优选的，所述胶黏剂可为无机类胶黏剂或有机高分子类胶黏剂中的一种。
本发明还提供了一种扬声器箱，包括具有收容空间的壳体、置于所述壳体内的发声单体及由所述发声单体与所述壳体围成的后腔，所述后腔中填充有上述吸音材料。
与相关技术相比，本发明的吸音材料是一种基于硅基沸石分子筛的杂原子分子筛，所述杂原子沸石分子筛包括骨架及骨架外阳离子，所述骨架包括SiO2和包含金属元素M的金属氧化物MxOy，所述骨架中Si/M摩尔比为250～500，其中M包括Fe，即通过铁原子取代传统沸石中的硅原子的杂原子沸石分子筛，上述结构使得所述吸音材料具备更加优异的氧气吸附能力、良好的憎水性和稳定性，当扬声器箱应用该吸音材料后使得所述扬声器箱的低频声学性能更优，可靠性更好。
【附图说明】
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图，其中：
图1为本发明提供的扬声器箱的结构示意图；
图2为实施例1制备沸石的XRD谱图；
图3为实施例1制备沸石的SEM形貌图；
图4为实施例2中杂原子沸石分子筛与传统硅铝沸石对空气的吸附能力对比图。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，为本发明提供的扬声器100，其包括具收容空间的壳体1、置于所述壳体1内的发声单体2及由所述发声单体2与壳体1围成的后腔3，所述后腔3中填充有吸音材料，以增加后腔空气的声顺性，从而提高扬声器的低频性能。
所述吸音材料包括杂原子沸石分子筛，所述杂原子沸石分子筛包括骨架及骨架外阳离子，所述骨架包括SiO2和包含金属元素M的金属氧化物MxOy，所述骨架中Si/M摩尔比为250～500，其中所述M包括Fe，所述骨架外阳离子为一价铜离子、一价银离子、一价金离子、碱金属离子或碱土金属离子中的至少一种。
具体的，所述杂原子沸石分子筛的骨架包括SiO2，其具有均匀的微孔，微孔在声压作用下吸脱附空气分子，能够起到增加虚拟声腔体积的作用，将其填充于扬声器箱的后腔内，能显著提高扬声器的低频效应，改善其低频声学性能；所述金属氧化物MxOy充当骨架中的一部分，所述骨架中Si/M摩尔比为250～500，该种结构下所述杂原子沸石分子筛制成的吸音材料具备更加优异的氧气吸附能力、良好的憎水性和稳定性。
所述M还包括钛(Ti)、锆(Zr)、锡(Sn)、铜(Cu)、镓(Ga)中的至少一种，并不影响本发明的效果。与传统硅铝沸石比，所述杂原子沸石分子筛具有更加优异的憎水性，这将大大减弱水蒸气对吸音材料的优先吸附，提升吸音材料在扬声器箱中对声音的改进效果，表现出更好的抗湿性。
所述杂原子沸石分子筛的分子结构包括MFI、MEL、FER、BEA、MWT的至少一种，本实施方式中，分子筛可为纯相的MFI结构分子筛，由于纯相分子筛纯度较高，后腔内填充有MFI结构分子筛的扬声器箱在低频段的声学性能更好，当然，分子筛也可以为含有MEL、BEA等其他杂相的MFI结构分子筛，并不影响本发明的效果，其组合形式也不限于此。
本实施方式中，所述杂原子沸石分子筛包括骨架外阳离子，这样杂原子沸石分子筛能够更有效地吸附脱附腔体内的气体，更好地改善低频性能。
所述骨架外阳离子由所述杂原子沸石分子筛与盐类化合物通过阳离子交换形成，交换后的杂原子沸石分子筛具备优异的抗热和抗老化稳定性，适用于在不同环境、长时期地对扬声器箱低频性能进行提升。
所述杂原子沸石分子筛的粒径尺寸为0.1～10μm，优选为0.2～5μm。
所述杂原子沸石分子筛添加胶黏剂粘接成型为成型颗粒，所述成型颗粒的粒径尺寸为10～1000μm，优选为50～500μm。
具体的，所述胶黏剂可为无机类胶黏剂，也可为有机高分子类胶黏剂。无机类粘结剂主要包括活性氧化铝、硅溶胶等，有机高分子粘结剂主要包括丙烯酸酯类、环氧类、聚氨酯类等。
下面将结合具体实施例解释本发明的实施方式。
实施例1
本实施例的吸音材料包括MFI结构分子筛，其制备方法如下：
用硅源(包括正硅酸乙酯、硅溶胶、硅酸钠等)、铁源(包括氯化铁、硝酸铁、硫酸铁等)、碱源(包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂和有机碱)、模板剂(包括四丙基溴化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氯化铵、四丙基碘化铵、正己胺、乙二胺和正丁胺中的一种或多种)和水按摩尔比Si/Fe＝400的原料配比制备MFI结构沸石。原料搅拌混合后，在高温下晶化7d得到杂原子沸石分子筛样品。其XRD图如图2所示，由图2可以看出制备的分子筛为典型的MFI结构，其Si/Fe原子摩尔比是387；其SEM图谱如图3所示，由图3可知其颗粒粒径大小为1.0～3.0μm。
实施例2
本实施例的吸音材料包括MFI结构分子筛，其制备方法如下：
材料沸石1是以铁元素为杂原子，分子结构为MFI的杂原子沸石分子筛材料，合成原料配比Si/Fe＝400。材料沸石2是传统硅铝ZSM-5沸石分子筛，合成原料配比Si/Al＝400。使用麦克公司的ASAP 2020吸附仪测量沸石分子筛材料的常温氮气和氧气吸附能力。其吸附量测试结果如图4所示。显而易见的，杂原子沸石分子筛具有更加优异的空气吸收能力，尤其是氧气吸附能力；这会使得材料对扬声器箱声音的改进效果更加明显。
实施例3
本实施例的吸音材料包括不同Si/Fe摩尔比的分子筛。
其制备方法如实施例1所示，制备不同Si/Fe的沸石材料(即吸音材料)，并使用XRF元素分析了实际的Si/Fe原子摩尔比进行对比。将其填充在扬声器箱的背腔中，测试其对扬声器箱的低频性能提升效果。不同原子比例的样品声学性能见表1，声学性能测定所用扬声器的工装后腔体积为1立方厘米(简称1cc)。从测试数据可以看出，Si/Fe原子摩尔比过高或过低时扬声器箱的共振频率都较高，都不利于杂原子沸石分子筛对扬声器箱的低频性能提升效果。
表1不同原子比例的吸音材料样品的声学性能F0值
沸石3 沸石4 沸石5 沸石6 沸石7 沸石8
合成原料配比Si/Fe 200 350 400 500 600 800
实际Si/Fe 221 331 387 472 616 828
扬声器箱共振频率F0 787 761 750 771 779 792
实施例4
沸石分子筛应用于改善扬声器箱低频段的音质性能时，会优先吸附水蒸气而减弱对空气的吸附能力，降低低频性能提升效果。一种降低水蒸气与沸石分子筛优先吸附能力的常规方法是提升硅铝酸盐沸石骨架中Si/Al的比例。但是过高的Si/Al对沸石分子筛材料改进扬声器箱的低频效果是不利的，而且制备高硅铝比沸石分子筛的价格高昂。在非限制性的实施例中，制备了杂原子为铁(Fe)、钛(Ti)、锆(Zr)、锡(Sn)中的至少一种杂原子沸石分子筛，合成中Si/M的原料配比为400。并通过测量材料对正己烷和水的等温吸附比较了杂原子沸石分子筛与传统硅铝酸盐沸石分子筛的憎水性。吸附的测试方法可由“重量法”的测试标准得到。测量结果如表2所示。其中K＝正己烷吸附量/水吸附量，可以表示材料的憎水性。从测量数据结果比较来看，传统硅铝沸石的K值是10.95，而杂原子沸石分子筛的K值均高于传统硅铝沸石，说明杂原子沸石分子筛具备更较优异的憎水性。这将减弱材料对水蒸气的优先吸附效果，提升对空气的吸附能力，有利于对扬声器箱低频性能提升使用过程中的抗水性。
表2现有技术的吸音材料与本发明的吸音材料吸附性能实验结果
实施例5
通过离子交换的方法对杂原子沸石分子筛骨架引入少量阳离子。使用钾盐交换，但不限制为钾盐，也可以是一价铜离子、一价银离子、一价金离子、碱金属离子或碱土金属离子中的一种或多种。在非限制性实施例中，所使用的钾盐指硝酸钾，其他同类型钾盐，如氯化钾、硫酸钾、碳酸钾、磷酸钾等的使用对本领域技术人员也是明显的。阳离子交换后的杂原子沸石分子筛(沸石14)和未通过离子交换处理引入少量阳离子的杂原子沸石分子筛(沸石15)的性能对比如表3所示，两者合成中Si/Fe的原料配比均为400。从表中数据可以得出，通过离子交换方法引入少量阳离子的杂原子沸石分子筛填装在扬声器箱空腔内，可使得扬声器箱的共振频率在高温、长时间使用后仍处于较低的水平，这说明引入少量阳离子使得杂原子沸石分子筛具备了更好的耐热、耐老化稳定性能。
表3在扬声器箱后腔中加入分子筛前后的共振频率F0和Q值
与相关技术相比，本发明的吸音材料是一种基于硅基沸石分子筛的杂原子分子筛，所述杂原子沸石分子筛包括骨架及骨架外阳离子，所述骨架包括SiO2和包含金属元素M的金属氧化物MxOy，所述骨架中Si/M摩尔比为250～500，其中M包括Fe，即通过铁原子取代传统沸石中的硅原子的杂原子沸石分子筛，上述结构使得所述吸音材料具备更加优异的氧气吸附能力、良好的憎水性和稳定性，当扬声器箱应用该吸音材料后使得所述扬声器箱的低频声学性能更优，可靠性更好。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种吸音材料，包括杂原子沸石分子筛，所述杂原子沸石分子筛包括骨架及骨架外阳离子，所述骨架包括SiO2和包含金属元素M的金属氧化物MxOy，其特征在于，所述骨架中Si/M摩尔比为250～500，其中所述M包括Fe，所述骨架外阳离子为一价铜离子、一价银离子、一价金离子、碱金属离子或碱土金属离子中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述M还包括钛、锆、锡、铜、镓中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述杂原子沸石分子筛的分子结构包括MFI、MEL、FER、BEA、MWT中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述骨架外阳离子由所述杂原子沸石分子筛与盐类化合物通过阳离子交换形成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述杂原子沸石分子筛的粒径尺寸为0.1～10μm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述杂原子沸石分子筛的粒径尺寸为0.2～5μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述杂原子沸石分子筛添加胶黏剂粘接成型为成型颗粒，所述成型颗粒的粒径尺寸为10～1000μm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述成型颗粒的粒径尺寸为50～500μm。
9.根据权利要求7所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂可为无机类胶黏剂或有机高分子类胶黏剂中的一种。
10.一种扬声器箱，包括具有收容空间的壳体、置于所述壳体内的发声单体及由所述发声单体与所述壳体围成的后腔，其特征在于，所述后腔中填充有如权利要求1至9任一项所述的吸音材料。
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