CN108969039A - 具有最小死空间的工具组件 - Google Patents

具有最小死空间的工具组件 Download PDF

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CN108969039A
CN108969039A CN201810558974.XA CN201810558974A CN108969039A CN 108969039 A CN108969039 A CN 108969039A CN 201810558974 A CN201810558974 A CN 201810558974A CN 108969039 A CN108969039 A CN 108969039A
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component
clamping component
actuated slider
surgical operation
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戴维·尼古拉斯
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0008Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
    • A61B1/00087Tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00353Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery one mechanical instrument performing multiple functions, e.g. cutting and grasping
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07285Stapler heads characterised by its cutter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft

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Abstract

一种外科手术缝合装置包括手柄组件、从手柄组件向远侧延伸的细长主体,以及工具组件。该工具组件包括可移动穿过钉仓以从钉仓弹出钉的致动滑块以及可移动穿过工具组件以使工具组件从打开位置移动到接近位置的夹紧构件。为了使工具组件的近侧部分中的死空间最小化,致动滑块和夹紧构件在外科手术缝合装置的预致动状态下以嵌套关系被支撑。随后在缝合装置的发射行程期间将夹紧构件移动到致动滑块近侧的位置。

Description

具有最小死空间的工具组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种外科手术缝合装置,并且更具体地涉及一种包括 铰接工具组件的内窥镜外科手术缝合装置,该铰接工具组件具有包括 刀夹紧构件和致动滑块的组件。
背景技术
用于内窥镜使用的外科手术缝合装置是已知的并且包括具有一对 钳夹的工具组件,该钳夹能够相对于彼此在打开位置与夹紧或接近位 置之间移动。典型地,工具组件的一个钳夹支撑具有多个钉的钉仓, 而工具组件的另一个钳夹支撑砧座组件。工具组件支撑在外科手术缝 合装置的细长主体的远侧部分上。在已知的缝合装置中,工具组件支 撑在细长主体的远侧部分上,以在内窥镜外科手术期间改善进入患者 体内的组织。
用于内窥镜使用的线性外科手术缝合装置包括支撑刀和致动滑块 的驱动构件。致动滑块定位在钉仓内的驱动构件的远侧,并且当驱动 构件被推进穿过钉仓时,驱动滑块由驱动构件从缩回位置驱动到推进 位置。致动滑块被构造成当致动滑块朝向推进位置移动时从钉仓按顺 序地弹出钉。工具组件的钳夹还可以包括组织止挡件,该组织止挡件 防止组织在钉仓的钉的位置近侧的位置处定位在由该对钳夹限定的组 织间隙内。致动滑块定位在驱动构件的刀的远侧以利于在横切组织之 前在组织中形成钉。
通常,驱动构件包括诸如I形梁的夹紧结构,以将工具组件的钳夹 从打开位置移动到接近或夹紧位置,并且限制限定在工具组件的钳夹 之间的组织间隙的尺寸。在这类装置中,由于驱动构件定位在致动滑 块的近侧并且在组织止挡件的近侧,所以工具组件的近侧部分包括大 量的死空间,即工具组件上的空间,该空间不能用于执行缝合或切割 操作。在具有铰接的工具组件的外科手术缝合装置中,死空间从工具 组件的铰接轴线或枢转点延伸到组织止挡件。该死空间增加了工具组 件的总长度。在内窥镜外科手术期间,工具组件的总长度的增加限制 了工具组件进入体腔内的区域。
将期望使具有铰接工具组件的内窥镜外科手术缝合装置的工具组 件的死空间的长度最小化,以在内窥镜外科手术期间改善进入患者体 腔内的组织。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面,外科手术缝合装置包括细长主体和支撑在 细长主体的远侧部分上的工具组件。该工具组件包括可相对于彼此在 间隔位置与接近位置之间移动的仓组件和砧座组件。仓组件包括支撑 多个钉的钉仓、具有支撑刀的主体的夹紧构件,以及具有第一部分和 第二部分的致动滑块。致动滑块的第一和第二部分中的每一个限定凸 轮构件。致动滑块的第二部分与致动滑块的第一部分物理上分离并间 隔开以在第一和第二部分之间限定通道。在外科手术缝合装置的预致 动状态下,夹紧构件定位在限定在致动滑块的第一和第二部分之间的 通道内,使得夹紧构件的刀定位在致动滑块的第一和第二部分的凸轮 构件的近端的远侧。在外科手术缝合装置的发射行程的至少一部分期 间,夹紧构件可移动以将刀定位在凸轮构件的近侧。
在实施例中,致动滑块的第一和第二部分中的每一个的凸轮构件 包括第一和第二凸轮构件。
在一些实施例中,夹紧构件包括垂直支柱、上梁和下梁,并且在 预致动状态下,垂直支柱定位在通道的近侧部分内。
在某些实施例中,致动滑块的第一和第二部分中的每一个包括具 有纵向延伸部分和横向部分的内壁。
在实施例中,致动滑块的第一和第二部分中的每一个的内壁的纵 向延伸部分包括向内延伸的弹性突起,该向内延伸的弹性突起延伸到 通道中进入夹紧构件的路径中,其中在预致动状态下,夹紧构件定位 成与弹性突起接合以从通道内推动弹性突起。
在一些实施例中,发射行程包括第一推进阶段,其中夹紧构件的 远侧表面定位成与致动滑块的第一和第二部分的内壁的横向部分接合 以使致动滑块在工具组件内向远侧移动。
在某些实施例中,发射行程包括缩回阶段,其中夹紧构件在通道 内向近侧移动以将夹紧构件的远侧表面定位在致动滑块的第一和第二 部分的弹性突起的近侧,使得弹性突起移动到通道中。
在实施例中,仓组件包括具有弹性突起的支撑板,其中当夹紧构 件处于预致动状态时,致动滑块定位在弹性突起的顶上以从通道内推 动弹性突起,并且当缝合装置移动过发射行程的第一推进阶段时,致 动滑块定位在弹性突起的远侧,使得弹性突起在发射行程的缩回阶段 期间防止致动滑块在工具组件内的近侧移动。
在一些实施例中,夹紧构件具有基部,该基部具有相对的侧向延 伸平坦部,该平坦部定位成在预致动状态下接合弹性突起。
在某些实施例中,夹紧构件的基部包括定位在侧向延伸平坦部的 近侧部分处的近侧止挡构件。
在实施例中,夹紧构件限定螺纹孔,并且外科手术缝合装置还包 括螺纹驱动构件,螺纹驱动构件容纳在螺纹孔内,使得螺纹驱动构件 的旋转引起夹紧构件的轴向移动。
在本发明的另一方面,外科手术缝合装置包括细长主体和支撑在 细长主体的远侧部分上的工具组件。该工具组件包括可相对于彼此在 间隔位置与接近位置之间移动的仓组件和砧座组件。该仓组件包括支 撑多个钉的钉仓、具有支撑刀的主体的夹紧构件,以及具有第一和第 二间隔凸轮构件的致动滑块。第一和第二间隔凸轮构件在其间限定通道。第一和第二凸轮构件中的每一个包括内凸轮构件和外凸轮构件。 内凸轮构件包括支撑向内延伸的突起的柔性部分,柔性部分侧向柔性 以允许夹紧构件从通道内向近侧移动到通道近侧的位置。
在实施例中,向内延伸的突起延伸到通道中以阻止夹紧构件在通 道内的移动。
在一些实施例中,向内延伸的突起具有渐缩的面向远侧的表面。
在某些实施例中,在外科手术缝合装置的预致动状态下,夹紧构 件定位在致动滑块的通道内,其中夹紧构件的刀定位在致动滑块的第 一和第二凸轮的近端的远侧,其中在外科手术缝合装置的发射行程的 至少一部分期间,夹紧构件可移动以将刀定位在第一和第二凸轮构件 的近侧。
在实施例中,钉仓限定纵向轴线,沿着纵向轴线延伸的中央刀狭 槽以及定位在中央刀狭槽的每侧上的外凸轮狭槽和内凸轮狭槽,其中 外凸轮构件和内凸轮构件分别容纳在外凸轮狭槽和内凸轮狭槽中。
在一些实施例中,在外科手术装置的预致动状态下,当致动滑块 处于预致动位置时,致动滑块的内凸轮构件和外凸轮构件延伸超过内 凸轮狭槽和外凸轮狭槽的近端,使得内凸轮构件和外凸轮构件在远离 中央刀狭槽的方向上向外成角度到与钉仓的纵向轴线未对准的位置。
在某些实施例中,致动滑块包括将内凸轮构件的远端彼此互连的 横构件。
在实施例中,外科手术缝合装置可移动过发射行程,发射行程包 括第一推进阶段,其中夹紧构件的远侧表面定位成与致动滑块的横构 件接合以在工具组件内向远侧推进致动滑块。
在一些实施例中,发射行程包括缩回阶段,其中夹紧构件从通道 内向近侧移动而与内凸轮构件的柔性部分上的向内延伸的突起接合, 以使柔性部分移动到未对准的位置并允许夹紧构件移出致动滑块的通 道。
附图说明
下面参考附图描述包括具有最小死空间的工具组件的目前公开的 外科手术缝合装置的各种实施例,其中:
图1是包括处于打开位置的目前公开的工具组件的一个实施例的 外科手术缝合装置的侧面透视图;
图2是处于接近位置的图1中所示的工具组件的侧面透视图;
图3是图2中所示的工具组件的侧面透视分解图;
图4是图3中所示的指定细节区域的放大图;
图5是图3中所示的指定细节区域的放大图;
图6是图5中所示的工具组件的致动滑块的远端的透视图;
图7是图5中所示的工具组件的致动滑块和夹紧构件的远端的侧面 透视图;
图8是支撑在图3中所示的工具组件的驱动螺杆上的图7中所示的 夹紧构件和致动滑块的侧面透视图;
图9是沿着图8的截面线9-9截取的横截面图;
图10是沿着图1的截面线10-10截取的横截面图;
图11是图3中所示的工具组件的仓组件的透视剖视图,其中移除了 仓通道;
图11A是沿着图11的截面线11A-11A截取的横截面图;
图12是处于接近位置的图2中所示的工具组件的仓组件的侧面横 截面图;
图13是图3中所示的工具组件的仓组件的俯视透视图,其中移除了 仓通道并且工具组件处于工具组件的接近位置;
图14是沿着图12的截面线14-14截取的横截面图;
图15是当工具组件移动过发射行程的第一阶段时图12中所示的工 具组件的侧面横截面图;
图16是当工具组件移动过发射行程的第二阶段时图15中所示的工 具组件的侧面横截面图;
图17是图16中所示的工具组件的俯视透视图,示出了工具组件的 致动滑块和夹紧构件,其中工具组件的其余部件以虚线示出;
图18是当工具组件移动过发射行程的第三阶段时图16中所示的工 具组件的侧面横截面图;
图19是图1中所示的目前公开的外科手术缝合装置的致动滑块和 夹紧构件的另一实施例的近端的侧面透视图,其中各部分分离;
图20是图19中所示的致动滑块和夹紧构件的远端的侧面透视图, 其中各部分分离;
图21A是图1中所示的工具组件的近侧部分的侧视横截面图,包括 图19中所示的致动滑块和夹紧构件,其中工具组件处于松开位置;
图21B是图21A种所示的工具组件的仓组件的俯视示意图;
图21C是沿着图21B的截面线21C-21C截取的横截面图;
图21D是组装在松开位置的图19中所示的致动滑块和夹紧构件的 近端的侧面透视图;
图22A是图1中所示的外科手术缝合装置的工具组件的侧面横截面 图,其中图19中示出的致动滑块和夹紧构件处于夹紧位置;
图22B是图22A中所示的工具组件的俯视示意图;
图22C是组装在夹紧位置的图19中所示的致动滑块和夹紧构件的 远端的侧面透视图;
图23是当工具组件移动过发射行程的第一阶段时图22B中所示的 工具组件的俯视示意图,;
图24是当工具组件移动过发射行程的第二阶段时图22B中所示的 工具组件的俯视示意图;
图25A是在工具组件移动过发射行程的第二阶段之后图24中所示 的工具组件的俯视示意图;
图25B是图25A中所示的工具组件的致动滑块和夹紧构件的侧面 透视图;以及
图26是当工具组件移动过发射行程的第三阶段时图25A中所示的 工具组件的俯视示意图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图详细描述目前公开的外科手术缝合装置,其中在 若干视图中的每一个视图中,相同的附图标记表示相同或相应的元件。 在本说明书中,术语“近侧”通常用于指靠近临床医生的装置部分,而 术语“远侧”通常用于指远离临床医生的装置部分。另外,术语“内窥镜” 通常用于指通过小直径切口或套管进行的内窥镜手术、腹腔镜手术、 关节镜手术和/或任何其它手术。此外,术语“临床医生”通常用于指医 务人员,包括医生、护士和支援人员。
目前公开的外科手术缝合装置包括手柄组件、从手柄组件向远侧 延伸的细长主体,以及支撑在细长主体的远侧部分上的工具组件。在 实施例中,工具组件安装到细长主体的远侧部分上以用于铰接并且包 括支撑多个钉和推动器的钉仓、可移动穿过钉仓以从钉仓中弹出钉的 致动滑块,以及驱动器或夹紧构件。夹紧构件可移动穿过工具组件以 使工具组件从打开位置移动到接近位置并且将致动滑块推进穿过钉仓 以从钉仓弹出多个钉并切割组织。为了使工具组件的近侧部分中的死 空间的长度最小化,当工具组件处于松开或打开位置时,致动滑块和 夹紧构件以嵌套关系支撑在钉仓内。
图1示出了外科手术缝合装置10,其包括手柄组件12、细长主体14 以及目前公开的工具组件100的示例性实施例。虽然在本文没有详细描 述,但工具组件100可以形成再装组件16的一部分,包括支撑工具组件 100的轴部分16a,并且可以如本领域中已知从细长主体14释放。或者, 工具组件100可以固定地固定到细长主体14的远侧部分。工具组件100 可以具有或不具有可移除和可替换的钉仓组件。
手柄组件12包括手柄18、多个致动器按钮20和旋钮22。旋钮22有 助于细长主体14和再装件100相对于手柄组件12围绕细长主体14的纵 向轴线旋转,如本领域中已知。致动器按钮20控制缝合装置10的各种 功能的操作,包括接近、发射和切割。所示的缝合装置10是诸如美国 专利第9,055,943号(“'943专利”)中所描述的电动缝合装置,该专利的 全部内容以引用方式并入本文中。然而,可以设想的是,目前公开的 工具组件100也将适于与诸如美国专利第7,891,534号中所描述的手动 动力外科手术缝合装置一起使用,该专利的全部内容以引用方式并入 本文中。还可以设想的是,缝合装置10可以被配置为与机器人手术系 统一起使用,并且可以不具有手柄组件。
参考图2到图4,工具组件100包括砧座102和仓组件104。仓组件104 包括支撑多个钉108和推动器110(图3)的钉仓106、限定底面112a的钉 仓通道112、钉仓支撑板114、驱动螺杆116、夹紧构件118和致动滑块120。 支撑板114包括弹性突起,例如弹性撞杆114a(图4),如下面进一步详 细描述,其限定致动滑块120的止挡表面。或者,可以设想其它突起构型。钉仓106限定中央刀狭槽140(图3)并且通过卡扣配合连接附接在 支撑板114内。支撑板114和钉仓106组装在一起并且还通过卡扣配合连 接附接到钉仓通道112。可选地,可以使用将这些部件固定在一起的其 它技术。
参考图3,钉仓106包括组织接触表面124,该组织接触表面限定了 多排侧向间隔的钉保持狭槽124a。保持狭槽124a被构造成组织接触表 面124中的孔。每个保持狭槽124a容纳钉108中的一个以及相应的一个 推动器110的至少一部分。钉仓106还限定多个纵向凸轮狭槽106a(图 11A)。纵向凸轮狭槽106a容纳钉推动器110(图11)并且在与组织接触 表面124相对的端部上开口,以利于致动滑块120的通过。
砧座102围绕枢转构件122枢转地联接到仓组件104。枢转构件122 延伸穿过限定在砧座102的近侧部分中的开口125(图3)和限定在仓组 件106的近侧部分中的开口127。砧座102相对于仓组件106枢转以使工 具组件100在打开位置(图1)与接近位置(图2)之间过渡。如本领域 中已知,砧座102包括限定多个钉变形凹陷(未示出)的组织接触表面 102a(图10)。砧座102还限定通道129(图10)并且包括倾斜邻接表面 128(图10)和组织止挡件130。倾斜邻接表面128定位在通道129的近 端附近并且与夹紧构件118接合以利于工具组件100从打开位置移动到 接近位置。在实施例中,组织止挡件130包括定位在砧座102的组织接 触表面102a的相对侧上的一对向下延伸的翼部130a。每个翼部130a具有 远侧组织接合表面130b,当工具组件100处于打开位置时,该远侧组织 接合表面在钉仓106的组织接触表面124下方延伸。组织止挡件130的远 侧接合表面130b防止组织在工具组件100的砧座102与仓组件104之间 向近侧行进超过钉保持狭槽124a。
还参考图5到图9,夹紧构件118包括具有远侧表面142a的基部142、 垂直支柱144、上梁146和下梁148。垂直支柱144具有固定到基部142的 第一端和固定到上梁146的第二端。在一些实施例中,基部142基本上 是圆柱形的并且限定可旋转地容纳驱动螺杆116(图3)的螺纹孔150。 在实施例中,基部142包括下面进一步详细讨论的相对的纵向延伸平坦部164和近侧止挡构件166。在一些实施例中,驱动螺杆116(图9)是 带螺纹的并且容纳在夹紧构件118的螺纹孔150内,以将驱动螺杆116的 旋转移动转化成夹紧构件118的纵向移动。
垂直支柱144包括限定刀152的远侧表面,其定位在上梁146与下梁 148之间。上梁146定位成与砧座组件102的倾斜邻接表面128(图10) 接合,使得夹紧构件118从缩回位置到夹紧位置的移动使工具组件100 从打开位置(图10)过渡到接近位置(图12)。上梁146也定位成平移 穿过限定在砧座组件102中的通道129(图10),并且下梁148定位成沿 着仓通道112的底面112a(图10)平移以防止砧座102和仓组件104在缝 合装置10的发射期间向外偏转。上梁146和下梁148的尺寸被设定为在 工具组件100的发射期间允许砧座组件102的组织接触表面102a与钉仓 106的组织接触表面124之间的最大组织间隙“X”(图12)。
致动滑块120包括第一部分120a和第二部分120b,该第一部分包括 第一对间隔凸轮构件170a,该第二部分包括第二对间隔凸轮构件170b。 如图所示,致动滑块120的第一部分120a和第二部分120b可以是分离的 部件。或者,致动滑块120的第一和第二部分可以在它们的近端和/或远 端彼此连接。每对间隔凸轮构件170a、170b定位成平移穿过由钉仓106限定的相应纵向凸轮狭槽106a(图11A)以与推动器110(图3)相互作 用并从钉仓106中弹出钉108,如本领域中已知。在实施例中,该对间 隔凸轮构件170a、170b中的每一个包括两个间隔凸轮表面174、176, 当致动滑块120平移穿过钉仓106时,该两个间隔凸轮表面按顺序地接 合推动器110(图3)以将推动器110提升到钉仓106的钉保持狭槽124a 内并且从钉仓106的钉保持狭槽124a弹出钉108。凸轮表面174、176的 角度可以沿着凸轮表面174、176的长度变化以更好地控制推动器108穿 过钉保持狭槽124a的移动并提供更好的钉成形。例如,凸轮表面174、 176可具有远侧部分180和近侧部分182,其中近侧部分182比远侧部分180陡。
还参考图5到图11A,致动滑块120的第一部分120a和第二部分120b 中的每一个包括具有纵向延伸部分184a和横向部分184b的内壁184,该 纵向延伸部分具有向内延伸的弹性突起185(图6)。当致动滑块120的 第一部分120a和第二部分120b定位在钉仓106内时,第一部分120a和第 二部分120b限定通道188,该通道定位成容纳夹紧构件118的基部142, 使得夹紧构件118可在通道188内从缩回位置移动到推进位置。在未偏 置状态下,弹性突起185向内延伸进入通道188。致动滑块120的第一部 分120a和第二部分120b的横向部分184b限定通道188的远端并且定位 成当夹紧构件118移动到通道188内的推进位置时与夹紧构件118的远 侧表面142a(图5)接合。致动滑块118和夹紧构件120形成组件,其中 致动滑块120的第一部分120a和第二部分120b与包括刀152的夹紧构件 120并排设置。
当夹紧构件118的基部142定位在致动滑块120(图8)的第一部分 120a与第二部分120b之间时,基部142的平坦部164(图5)与致动滑块 120的弹性突起185对准以偏置并保持弹性突起185与致动滑块120的第 一部分120a和第二部分120b的相应的一个内壁184对准。当弹性部分185从通道188向内偏置时,夹紧构件118自由地移动穿过通道188并与 致动滑块120的第一部分120a和第二部分120b的内壁184的横向部分 184b接合。当夹紧构件118相对于致动滑块120在通道188内移动使得平 坦部164定位在弹性突起184a的近侧时,如下所述,弹性突起185弹入 限定在致动滑块120的第一部分120a与第二部分120b之间的通道188中,到与夹紧构件118的远侧表面142a(图5)对准的位置。如此,防 止夹紧构件118的远侧移动超过弹性突起185。
参考图8到图11A,当外科手术缝合装置10处于预致动状态时,夹 紧构件118和致动滑块120处于嵌套构型。在嵌套构型中,夹紧构件118 在通道188内定位在致动滑块120的第一部分120a与第二部分120b之间 (图6),使得夹紧构件118的基部构件142的远侧表面142a从致动滑块 120的第一部分120a和第二部分120b的内壁184的横向部分184b向近侧定位距离“Y”(图9)。在该位置中,基部构件142(图11A)的平坦部164 (图5)与致动滑块120的内壁184的弹性突起185对准,使得突起185被 推出致动滑块120的通道188。另外,致动滑块120定位在仓组件104的 支撑板114的撞杆114a(图10)的顶上以将撞杆114a推出限定在致动滑 块120的第一部分120a与第二部分120b之间的通道188。
驱动螺杆116延伸穿过夹紧构件118的螺纹孔150并且包括支撑在 轴承上的近侧部分“P”(图10),并且该近侧部分“P”联接到支撑在外科 手术缝合装置10的细长主体114(图1)内的驱动构件(未示出)。美国 专利第8,512,359号公开了一种包括驱动螺杆和驱动构件的外科手术缝 合装置,并且其整体以引用方式并入本文中。
参考图12到图14,当经由手柄组件12(图1)和细长主体14(图1) 致动驱动螺杆116以使夹紧构件118推进过外科手术缝合装置10的夹紧 行程时,夹紧构件118从缩回位置移动到夹紧位置。当夹紧构件118朝 向夹紧位置移动时,夹紧构件118沿着驱动螺杆116向远侧移动穿过限 定在致动滑块120的第一部分120a与第二部分120b之间的通道188,而 独立于致动滑块120。当夹紧构件118在工具组件100的近侧部分内向远 侧移动时,夹紧构件118的上梁146与砧座组件102的倾斜邻接表面128 (图12)接合,使得夹紧构件118在图12中的箭头“A”所示的方向上继 续远侧移动到夹紧位置使砧座组件102在图12中的箭头“B”所示的方向 上枢转,以将工具组件100从打开位置(图10)推动到接近位置。可以 设想的是,砧座组件102可以是固定的,并且仓组件104可以相对于砧 座组件102从打开位置枢转到接近位置。
当夹紧构件118处于夹紧位置时,夹紧构件118的基部142的远侧表 面142a(图12)定位在致动滑块120的第一部分120a和第二部分120b的 内壁184的横向部分184b附近。在该位置,基部构件142(图11A)的平 坦部164仍与致动滑块120的内壁184的弹性突起185对准,使得弹性突 起184a定位在致动滑块120的通道188的外部。另外,工具组件100处于 接近位置,其中仓组件106的组织接触表面124定位成与砧座组件102的 组织接触表面102a并置以限定最大组织间隙“X”(图12)。未在工具组 件100内移动的致动滑块120保持定位在仓组件104的支撑板114的撞杆 114a顶上。
为了从工具组件100弹出钉108(图3),经由手柄组件12和细长主 体14(图1)再次致动驱动构件116以使夹紧构件118移动过发射行程。 在发射行程期间,夹紧构件118和致动滑块120移动过图15中所示的第 一推进阶段,移动过图16和图17中所示的缩回阶段,并且移动过图18 中所示的第二推进阶段。下面描述这些阶段中的每一个。
参考图15,在发射行程的第一推进阶段期间,驱动螺杆116首先使 夹紧构件118在由箭头“C”指示的方向上从夹紧位置向远侧推进。如上 所述,在夹紧位置,夹紧构件118的基部142的远侧表面142a定位在致 动滑块120的第一部分120a和第二部分120b的内壁184的横向部分184b 附近。如此,当夹紧构件118在工具组件100内从夹紧位置向远侧移动 时,夹紧构件118的远侧表面142a与致动滑块120的横向部分184b接合 以使致动滑块120在仓106内向远侧推进。当致动滑块120推进经过撞杆 114a时,撞杆114a向上弯曲到致动滑块120的路径中,并且发射行程的 第一推进阶段结束。
参考图16和图17,在发射行程的缩回阶段期间,驱动螺杆116在发 射行程的第一阶段中在与驱动螺杆116的旋转方向相反的方向上旋转, 以使夹紧构件118在由箭头“D”指示的方向上缩回到工具组件100内。定 位在致动滑块120的通道118内的撞杆114a与致动滑块120的近端接合, 以防止致动滑块120与夹紧构件118向近侧移动。如此,夹紧构件118独立于致动滑块118在工具组件100内向近侧移动。当夹紧构件118向近侧 移动时,夹紧构件118的远侧表面142a越过致动滑块120的弹性突起 185,使得弹性突起185向外弹到致动滑块120的通道188中以防止夹紧 构件118向远侧移动穿过通道188超过弹性突起184。通过使夹紧构件 118进一步移动并保持在致动滑块120的近侧,工具组件100被重新构造 以将致动滑块120的凸轮表面174、176定位在刀152的远侧,使得工具 组件100在切割组织之前缝合组织。
参考图18,在发射行程的缩回阶段之后,夹紧构件118的基部142 的远侧表面142a定位在致动滑块120的弹性突起185的近侧。在发射行 程的第二推进阶段期间,驱动螺杆116旋转以使夹紧构件118在由箭头 “E”指示的方向上向远侧推进穿过工具组件100。由于夹紧构件118的基 部142的远侧表面142a定位成稍微在致动滑块120的弹性突起185的近侧,所以夹紧构件118的远侧移动引起夹紧构件118的远侧表面142a移动 成与弹性突起185接合,以使致动滑块120在工具组件100内向远侧移 动。当致动滑块120和夹紧构件118推进穿过工具组件100时,致动滑块 120的第一部分120a和第二部分120b的该对间隔凸轮构件170a、170b按 顺序地接合推动器110(图3)以从钉保持狭槽124a(图17)按顺序地 驱动钉108。
在发射行程的第二推进阶段之后,工具组件可以从外科手术部位 撤回,并且驱动螺杆116可以旋转以将夹紧构件118缩回到预发射状态。 当夹紧构件118返回到预发射状态时,工具组件返回到打开位置。
图19和图20示出了目前公开的夹紧构件218和致动滑块220的可选 实施例,其可以与图1中所示的外科手术缝合装置一起使用。夹紧构件 218包括基部242、垂直支柱244、上梁246和下梁248。垂直支柱244具 有固定到基部242的第一端和固定到上梁246的第二端。在实施例中, 基部242限定可旋转地容纳驱动螺杆116(图3)的螺纹孔250。如上面 关于工具组件100所讨论,驱动螺杆116是带螺纹的并且可在夹紧构件 218的螺纹孔250内旋转,以将驱动螺杆116的旋转移动转化成夹紧构件 218在工具组件200(图21A)内的纵向移动。
还参考图21A,夹紧构件218的垂直支柱244包括限定刀252的远侧 表面,其定位在上梁246与下梁248之间。上梁246定位成与工具组件200 的砧座组件202的邻接表面228接合使得夹紧构件218从缩回位置(图 21A)到夹紧位置(图22A)的移动使工具组件200从打开位置移动到 接近位置。如上面关于工具组件100所讨论,夹紧构件218的上梁246定 位成平移穿过限定在砧座组件202中的通道229(图21A),并且下梁248 定位成沿着仓组件204的仓通道212的底面212a(图21A)平移以在当工 具组件200处于接近位置时,在砧座组件202的组织接触表面202a与工 具组件200的钉仓206的组织接触表面224之间限定最大组织间隙“X” (图22A)。夹紧构件218的基部242还包括远侧表面242a(图19),该远 侧表面定位成接合并推进致动滑块220,如下面更详细描述。
致动滑块220包括基本类似于上面关于致动滑块120所描述的间隔 凸轮构件170a、170b的凸轮构件270a、270b(图20),并且在本文将不 再进一步详细描述。凸轮构件270a、270b间隔开并且限定了通道271, 该通道具有开口近端和由横构件288封闭的远端。每个凸轮构件270a、 270b包括第一外凸轮构件274和第二内凸轮构件276,该凸轮构件具有如上关于凸轮表面174和176所描述的凸轮表面,并且在本文将不再详 细描述。外凸轮构件274和内凸轮构件276侧向柔性且有弹性。内凸轮 构件276包括具有向内延伸的突起277a的柔性部分277(图20),该向内 延伸的突起具有渐缩的远侧表面。
还参考图21A到图21C,钉仓206限定纵向轴线、沿着纵向轴线延 伸的中央刀狭槽240,以及定位在中央刀狭槽240的每侧上的外凸轮狭 槽206a和内凸轮狭槽206b。外凸轮狭槽206a容纳致动滑块220的外凸轮 构件274,而内凸轮狭槽206b容纳致动滑块220的内凸轮构件276。致动 滑块220的外凸轮构件274和内凸轮构件276分别是侧向弹性的并且具 有在未偏置的状态下在远离中央刀狭槽240的方向上向外成角度到与 钉仓的纵向轴线未对准的位置(“未对准的位置”)的近端。外凸轮狭 槽206a和内凸轮狭槽206b限定近端206c(图21B),该近端定位在钉仓 206的近端的远侧。当致动滑块220处于完全缩回位置时,如下面进一 步详细描述,内凸轮构件276和外凸轮构件274定位在超过内凸轮狭槽 206b和外凸轮狭槽206a的近端206c的近侧,使得内凸轮构件276和外凸 轮构件274处于未对准位置(图21B)。当致动滑块220在钉仓206内从完 全缩回位置推进时,内凸轮构件276和外凸轮构件274移动到内凸轮狭 槽206b和外凸轮狭槽206a中,并且通过限定凸轮狭槽206a、206b的壁向内偏置到其中凸轮构件276、274与钉仓206的纵向轴线对准的对准位 置(图23)。
在内凸轮构件276和外凸轮构件274的未对准位置中,致动滑块220 的柔性部分277上的突起277a彼此隔开一段距离以允许夹紧构件218的 基部242穿过致动滑块220的柔性部分277的突起277a之间进入通道271 中。在内凸轮构件和外凸轮构件274的对准位置中,致动滑块220的柔 性部分277上的突起277a彼此间隔开一段距离以防止夹紧构件218向近 侧穿过通道271。
简要参考图21A,工具组件200包括类似于支撑板114(图3)的支 撑板214并且包括弹性突起,例如弹性撞杆214a(也参见图4),其限定 用于致动滑块220的止挡表面。当致动滑块218处于其缩回位置时,滑 块218定位在撞杆214a顶上以将撞杆214a推出致动滑块220的路径。当 致动滑块220的近端向远侧移动经过撞杆214a时,撞杆214a向上弹到一 个位置,以防止致动滑块220向近侧移动回到其缩回位置。
参考图21A到图21D,在致动工具组件200之前,夹紧构件218和致 动滑块220处于预夹紧位置。在预夹紧位置中,夹紧构件218和致动滑 块220在其缩回位置中呈嵌套关系(图21D),其中夹紧构件218位于致 动滑块220的通道271的近侧部分中处于致动滑块220的柔性部分277上 的突起277a之间。在这个位置中,致动滑块220定位在撞杆214a顶上以 将撞杆214a偏置出致动滑块220的通道271。在预夹紧位置,基本上所 有的内凸轮构件276和外凸轮构件274的长度都定位在内凸轮狭槽206b 和外凸轮狭槽206a的近端206c(图21B)的近侧。
参考图22A到图22C,当经由手柄组件12(图1)致动驱动螺杆116 (图3)以使夹紧构件218推进过夹紧行程时,夹紧构件218在工具组件 200(图22A)内在由图22A中的箭头“F”指示的方向上独立于致动滑块 220从其缩回位置(图21B)向远侧移动到夹紧位置(图22B)。当夹紧 构件218穿过致动滑块220的通道271朝向夹紧位置移动时,夹紧构件 218的上梁246与砧座组件202的邻接表面228(图22A)接合以使砧座组 件202在由图22A中的箭头“G”指示的方向上枢转到接近位置。由于致动 滑块220保持在工具组件内的轴向固定位置中,所以致动滑块220保持 定位在撞杆214a的顶上,并且内凸轮构件276和外凸轮构件274保持处 于位于内凸轮狭槽206b和外凸轮狭槽206a的近端206c近侧的未对准位 置。在夹紧构件218的夹紧位置中,夹紧构件218定位在致动滑块220的 横构件288附近。
为了从工具组件200弹出钉,经由手柄组件12(图1)再次致动驱 动构件116(图3)以使夹紧构件218移动过发射行程。在发射行程期间, 夹紧构件218和致动滑块220移动过图23中所示的第一推进阶段,移动 过图24到图25B中所示的缩回阶段,并且移动过图26中所示的第二推进 阶段。下面描述这些阶段中的每一个。
参考图23,在发射行程的第一推进阶段期间,驱动螺杆116(图3) 在由箭头H指示的方向上推进夹紧构件218。当夹紧构件218向远侧移动 穿过工具组件200时,内凸轮构件276和外凸轮构件274分别部分地推进 到内凸轮狭槽206b和外凸轮狭槽206a中,使得内凸轮构件276和外凸轮 构件274移动到与钉仓206的纵向轴线对准的位置。在发射冲程的第一推进阶段之后,内凸轮构件276的柔性部分277保持定位在外凸轮狭槽 206a的近端206c的近侧。
当夹紧构件218在发射行程的第一推进阶段期间在工具组件200内 向远侧移动时,夹紧构件218的远侧表面242a与致动滑块220的横构件 288接合,以引起致动滑块220在由箭头“I”指示的方向上的相应远侧移 动。当致动滑块220在工具组件220内向远侧移动时,致动滑块220移出 撞杆214a(图22A),使得撞杆214a向上弹到致动滑块220的近端近侧的 位置。
参考图24到图25B,在发射行程的缩回阶段期间,驱动螺杆116(图 3)在相反方向上旋转以使夹紧构件218在工具组件100内在由图24中的 箭头“J”指示的方向上缩回。撞杆214a防止致动滑块220的近侧移动,使 得夹紧构件118独立于致动滑块218在致动滑块220的通道271内向近侧 移动。当夹紧构件218在工具组件200内向近侧移动,夹紧构件218的基部构件242的近端与致动滑块220的内凸轮构件276的柔性部分277上的 向内延伸的突起277a的锥形远侧表面接合。如上所述,在发射行程的 第一推进阶段之后,内凸轮构件276的柔性部分277定位在内凸轮狭槽 206b的近侧。如此,当夹紧构件218的基部构件242与柔性部分277的突 起277a的远侧渐缩表面接合时,内凸轮构件276的柔性部分277在由图 24中的箭头“K”指示的方向上向外弯曲,以允许夹紧构件218从致动滑 块220的通道271内向近侧移动到致动滑块220(图25A到图25B)近侧 的位置。该移动允许夹紧构件218在致动滑块220的近侧移动,以将刀 252定位在内凸轮构件276和外凸轮构件274的近侧,使得在缝合装置10 的发射期间,在切割组织之前发生缝合。
参考图26,在发射行程的第二推进阶段期间,驱动螺杆116(图3) 旋转以使夹紧构件218在由箭头“L”指示的方向上向远侧推进穿过工具 组件200(图22A)。由于夹紧构件218的远侧表面242a定位成邻近突起 277a近侧的致动滑块220的近侧,所以夹紧构件218的远侧移动实现致 动滑块220在工具组件200内的远侧移动。当致动滑块220和夹紧构件 218推进穿过工具组件200时,致动滑块220的内凸轮构件276和外凸轮 构件274按顺序地接合推动器110(图3)以从钉保持狭槽124a按顺序地 驱动钉108并进入夹紧在仓组件与砧座组件之间的组织中。
本领域技术人员将理解,本文中具体描述的和附图中示出的装置 和方法是非限制性的示例性实施例。可以设想的是,在不脱离本发明 的范围的情况下,结合一个示例性实施例示出或描述的元件和特征可 以与另一个的元件和特征组合。同样,本领域技术人员将基于上述实 施例理解本发明的另外特征和优点。因此,除了如所附权利要求所指 示的之外,本发明不限于已经特别示出和描述的内容。

Claims (22)

1.一种外科手术缝合装置,包括:
细长主体;以及
支撑在所述细长主体的远侧部分上的工具组件,所述工具组件包括可相对于彼此在间隔位置与接近位置之间移动的仓组件和砧座组件,所述仓组件包括支撑多个钉的钉仓、具有支撑刀的主体的夹紧构件,以及具有第一部分和第二部分的致动滑块,所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分中的每一个限定凸轮构件,所述致动滑块的所述第二部分与所述致动滑块的所述第一部分物理上分离并间隔开以在所述第一和第二部分之间限定通道,其中在所述外科手术缝合装置的预致动状态下,所述夹紧构件定位在所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分之间的所述通道内,其中所述夹紧构件的所述刀定位在所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分的所述凸轮构件的近端的远侧,其中在所述外科手术缝合装置的发射行程的至少一部分期间,所述夹紧构件可移动以将所述刀定位在所述凸轮构件的近侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分中的每一个的所述凸轮构件包括第一和第二凸轮构件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述夹紧构件包括垂直支柱、上梁和下梁,并且在所述预致动状态下,所述垂直支柱定位在所述通道的近侧部分内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分中的每一个包括内壁,所述内壁包括纵向延伸部分和横向部分。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分的所述内壁的所述纵向延伸部分包括向内延伸的弹性突起,所述向内延伸的弹性突起延伸到所述通道中进入所述夹紧构件的路径中,其中在所述预致动状态下,所述夹紧构件定位成与所述弹性突起接合以从所述通道内推动所述弹性突起。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述发射行程包括第一推进阶段,其中所述夹紧构件的远侧表面定位成与所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分的所述内壁的所述横向部分接合以使所述致动滑块在所述工具组件内向远侧移动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述发射行程包括缩回阶段,其中所述夹紧构件在所述通道内向近侧移动以将所述夹紧构件的所述远侧表面定位在所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分的所述弹性突起的近侧,使得所述弹性突起移动到所述通道中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中仓组件包括具有弹性突起的支撑板,其中当所述夹紧构件处于所述预致动状态时,所述致动滑块定位在所述弹性突起的顶上以从所述通道内推动所述弹性突起,并且当所述缝合装置移动过所述发射行程的所述第一推进阶段时,所述致动滑块定位在所述弹性突起的远侧,使得所述弹性突起在所述缝合装置的所述缩回阶段期间防止所述致动滑块的近侧移动。
9.根据权利要求5所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述夹紧构件具有基部,所述基部具有相对的侧向延伸平坦部,所述平坦部定位成在所述预致动状态下接合所述弹性突起。
10.根据权利要求9所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述夹紧构件的所述基部包括定位在所述侧向延伸平坦部的近侧部分处的近侧止挡构件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中夹紧构件限定螺纹孔,并且所述外科手术缝合装置还包括螺纹驱动构件,所述螺纹驱动构件容纳在所述螺纹孔内,使得所述螺纹驱动构件的旋转引起所述夹紧构件的轴向移动。
12.一种外科手术缝合装置,包括:
细长主体;以及
支撑在所述细长主体的远侧部分上的工具组件,所述工具组件包括可相对于彼此在间隔位置与接近位置之间移动的仓组件和砧座组件,所述仓组件包括支撑多个钉的钉仓、具有支撑刀的主体的夹紧构件,以及具有第一和第二间隔凸轮构件的致动滑块,所述第一和第二间隔凸轮构件在其间限定通道,所述第一和第二间隔凸轮构件中的每一个包括内凸轮构件和外凸轮构件,所述内凸轮构件中的每一个包括支撑向内延伸的突起的柔性部分,所述柔性部分侧向柔性以允许所述夹紧构件从所述通道内向近侧移动到所述通道近侧的位置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述向内延伸的突起延伸到所述通道中以阻止所述夹紧构件在所述通道内的移动。
14.根据权利要求13所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述向内延伸的突起具有渐缩的面向远侧的表面。
15.根据权利要求12所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中在所述外科手术装置的预致动状态下,所述夹紧构件定位在所述致动滑块的所述通道内,其中所述夹紧构件的所述刀定位在所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二凸轮构件的近端的远侧,其中在所述外科手术缝合装置的发射行程的至少一部分期间,所述夹紧构件可移动以将所述刀定位在所述第一和第二凸轮构件的近侧。
16.根据权利要求12所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述钉仓限定纵向轴线、沿着所述纵向轴线延伸的中央刀狭槽,以及定位在所述中央刀狭槽的每侧上的外凸轮狭槽和内凸轮狭槽,其中外凸轮构件和内凸轮构件分别容纳在所述外内凸轮狭槽和所述内凸轮狭槽中。
17.根据权利要求16所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中在所述外科手术缝合装置的预致动状态下,所述致动滑块的所述内凸轮构件和所述外凸轮构件延伸超过所述内凸轮狭槽和所述外凸轮狭槽的所述近端,使得所述内凸轮构件和所述外凸轮构件在远离所述中央刀狭槽的方向上向外成角度到与所述钉仓的所述纵向轴线未对准的位置。
18.根据权利要求16所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述致动滑块包括将所述内凸轮构件的远端彼此互连的横构件。
19.根据权利要求18所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述外科手术缝合装置可移动过发射行程,所述发射行程包括第一推进阶段,其中所述夹紧构件的远侧表面定位成与所述致动滑块的所述横构件接合以在所述工具组件内向远侧推进所述致动滑块。
20.根据权利要求19所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述发射行程包括缩回阶段,其中所述夹紧构件从所述通道内向近侧移动而与所述内凸轮构件的所述柔性部分上的所述向内延伸的突起接合,以使所述柔性部分移动到所述未对准的位置并允许所述夹紧构件移出所述致动滑块的所述通道。
21.一种外科手术缝合装置,包括:
工具组件,其包括可相对于彼此在间隔位置与接近位置之间移动的仓组件和砧座组件,所述仓组件包括支撑多个钉的钉仓、具有支撑刀的主体的夹紧构件,以及具有第一部分和第二部分的致动滑块,所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分中的每一个限定凸轮构件,所述致动滑块的所述第二部分与所述致动滑块的所述第一部分间隔开以在所述第一和第二部分之间限定通道,所述致动滑块具有弹性接合构件,所述弹性接合构件在第一阶段中由所述夹紧构件压下,所述夹紧构件在所述第一阶段中设置在所述通道内,所述弹性接合构件在第二阶段中扩展到所述通道中,所述夹紧构件在所述第二阶段中设置在所述弹性接合构件的近侧。
22.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术缝合装置,其中所述致动滑块的所述第一和第二部分彼此物理上分离。
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