CN108966639A - 用于保存农产品的膜和方法 - Google Patents

用于保存农产品的膜和方法 Download PDF

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CN108966639A
CN108966639A CN201680065198.9A CN201680065198A CN108966639A CN 108966639 A CN108966639 A CN 108966639A CN 201680065198 A CN201680065198 A CN 201680065198A CN 108966639 A CN108966639 A CN 108966639A
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agricultural product
film
saving
essential oil
outer layer
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CN108966639B (zh
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费莉希蒂·安·弗里斯
米歇尔·隆基·卡隆博
帕特丽夏·玛特塞塔·科莫特·马萨比
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    • A23B7/152Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于保存农产品的膜和方法。根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种用于保存农产品的膜,其包括第一聚合物外层和第二聚合物外层;至少一个聚合物外层被亲水剂浸渍;以及分散在第一外层和第二外层之间的内层,该内层由浸渍有载体的聚合物组成,用于将抗微生物挥发剂结合入内层,该内层还包括吸收剂,其中该膜在使用中放置在要保存的农产品附近。

Description

用于保存农产品的膜和方法
本发明的概述和背景技术
本发明涉及一种用于保存农产品的膜,更具体地但不限于涉及用于采收后保护农产品防腐的膜和方法。
落叶果产业,尤其是仁果(pome fruit)、核果(stone fruit)和鲜食葡萄(tablegrape)产业,主要是一个具有显著年营业额的出口和进口导向型产业。在农产品到达消费者之前,落叶果产业的采后链包括果实的收获、处理、包装、运输和储存。采后损失在出口和进口期间可出现重大经济损失,而在采后链期间的腐烂已被确定为导致采后损失的主要因素。
根据病害或病原体的类型,通常通过包括所谓的浸渍处理(drip treatment)或浸透处理(drench treatment)在内的各种不同机制进行应用于采收前和/或采收后的适当处理来实现采后病害控制。
然而,消费者通常喜欢购买没有使用过农药和杀菌剂处理并且也没有缺陷和病害而安全食用的有机栽培农产品。为此,在全球范围内已引入了关于可食部分的农产品的最大残留限量(MRL)的严格规定,这对进出口市场产生了重大影响。除了消费者对购买用杀虫剂和杀菌剂处理过的农产品的抵制之外,处理大量农药和杀菌浸渍液还可能对环境,特别是土壤和水资源也产生不利影响,而这是该选择不可取的另一个原因。
鉴于上述缺点,在新鲜农产品产业中指出了采后杀菌剂和杀虫剂应用的可替代的解决方案。迄今为止所实施的这些替代方法中有修饰或控制的气氛环境和生物控制剂。
美国专利申请号2002/0041939(US'939)公开了一种实现一些微生物消除的已知方法。根据US'939所述,二氧化硫(SO2)发生器包括两个可彼此连接的分开的片材,该布置使得在片材之间形成袋(pocket),其具有分散在袋中的物质硫酸钡(BaSO4)。一旦通过呼吸作用从农产品中释放水分,硫酸钡就被激活,并且二氧化硫作为熏蒸剂杀虫剂和杀菌剂被释放。
例如US'939中描述的二氧化硫发生器所经历的缺点是硫酸钡是已知的过敏原或刺激物,并且任何含有硫酸钡的袋或片材的小孔都可能导致硫酸钡的释放并将其暴露于农产品中,并且不可避免地暴露给消费者,而这是不希望的。
美国专利申请号2004/0034149(US'149)公开了一种塑料薄膜,其在薄膜中含有至少一种精油。US'149教导了将薄膜用作采收前的袋子,例如用于保护树上果实的香蕉袋,或用作采收薄膜或采收袋以驱除虫子和昆虫进入采收容器内。该薄膜的进一步应用是制造采后袋,以在农产品进入市场时、作为用于运送农产品的盒子或集装箱中的衬里时、或者作为覆盖农产品(特别是水果)的片材时保存农产品,以防虫害。
如US'149中说明的塑料薄膜、片材和袋所经历的缺点是片材不能为通过自然呼吸作用从果实释放的水分提供吸收或去除,并且薄膜表面上或袋内部积聚的水分为诸如真菌和微生物等病原体的繁殖创造了良好的环境。
发明目的
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种在采后链期间用于保护农产品的膜和方法,所述采后链具有上述缺点,特别是与使用杀虫剂和杀菌剂相关的缺点,此外有助于确保能够至少部分地克服或减轻农产品增加暴露于水分的缺点。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种用于保存农产品的膜,其包括:
-第一聚合物外层和第二聚合物外层;
-至少一个所述聚合物外层被亲水剂浸渍,用于在至少一个聚合物外层中形成亲水袋,以增加所述浸渍有亲水剂的所述聚合物外层对水分的渗透性;以及
-分散在所述外层之间的内层,所述内层由聚合物构成,该聚合物被浸渍有用于将抗微生物挥发剂结合入所述内层的载体,所述内层进一步包括吸收剂,
其中所述膜在使用中放置在要保存的农产品附近,布置成使得一旦由于自然呼吸作用而从农产品中释放水分,所述水分就朝向所述内层穿过第一外层和第二外层中的亲水贴片,并在所述内层被所述吸收剂吸收,从而导致所述吸收剂的温度升高,进而激发抗微生物挥发剂的释放,由此通过消除周围的微生物促进农产品的保存。
进一步根据本发明的第一方面,抗微生物挥发剂可以是精油,并且可以是选自由柠檬草、薄荷、柠檬、酸橙、香茅、丁香、百里香、甜橙、桔、薰衣草、桉树、姜、迷迭香、茶树等的精油组成的组中的精油或精油的混合物。
进一步根据本发明的第一方面,吸收剂可以是沸石。沸石包括具有Na2O与Al2O3摩尔比为1:1且Na2O与SiO2的摩尔比在1:2.6至3的范围内的Na2O、Al2O3和SiO2配方。沸石可以是珠粒或粉末形式,珠粒是优选的形式,并且珠粒的大小可以在4-12目之间,孔径在之间。沸石的H2O当量容量为总珠粒重量的28%至30%
进一步根据本发明的第一方面,载体可以是二氧化硅粉末,亲水剂可以是亲水性聚合物,更具体地是羟丙基甲基纤维素。该聚合物可以是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)。
进一步根据本发明的第一方面,该农产品可以是落叶果,更具体地说,选自仁果、核果和鲜食葡萄的任何落叶果。微生物元素可以是真菌或细菌,尤其是灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)和牛眼果腐病菌(Neofabraea alba)。
进一步根据本发明的第一方面,其中所述膜用于制造选自以下组中的任何物品:用于容纳和运输农产品的农产品袋,或用于放置在农产品容器中的衬里或片材。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种用于保存农产品的方法,包括以下步骤:
-用亲水剂浸渍第一聚合物材料,以形成第一混合物;
-用载体、吸收剂和抗微生物挥发剂浸渍第二聚合物材料,以形成第二混合物;
-将所述第一混合物和所述第二混合物引入吹膜机中;
-通过共挤出方法从吹膜机中挤出三层膜,使得所述第一混合物被挤出成两个具有亲水贴片的外层,并使得所述第二混合物被挤出以形成分散在所述外层之间的内层;
-将所述三层膜置于农产品附近以将其保存;
-从农产品中释放的水分通过所述三层膜中的亲水贴片并被所述内层的所述吸收剂吸收;
-通过吸收水分来激活所述吸收剂,从而导致温度升高;
-将抗菌微生物挥发剂释放到周围农产品的气氛中;以及
-通过消除周围的微生物来保存农产品。
具体实施方式
天然植物保护剂,如精油及其主要成分,显示出抗菌活性,特别是抗真菌活性和哺乳动物低毒性,并且更加环保,因此可用作化学杀菌剂和农药的替代品。已知精油是天然抗氧化剂,具有记载的抗微生物特性,特别是抗真菌和可生物降解性质,并且不会留下任何有害的残留效应,例如对新鲜农产品变色或余味。
由于其挥发性,精油和它们的组分是已知农产品保存方法和农产品的受欢迎的替代品,这使得使用相对较小的浓度成为可能。此外,消费者通常更倾向于接受精油作为防腐剂,由于它们广泛用于一般烹饪实践中,包括作为调味剂,并且鉴于通过美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)对其进行GRAS(通常被认为是安全的)分类,已经建立了用于人类食用的安全性。
因此,本发明将重点放在精油的最佳利用上,作为用于对农产品(特别是水果)在采后链期间直到到达作为最终用户的消费者的过程中进行保存的已知方法和产品的替代品。
本发明的目的是通过将精油结合到可用于制造农产品袋的膜中,或者作为可放置在诸如盒子或板条箱的农产品容器中的衬里或片材中来实现该结果。膜相应地包括由聚合物构成的第一外层和第二外层,其中至少一层被亲水剂如羟丙基甲基纤维素浸渍,以在第一外层和第二外层中形成亲水袋以增加第一外层和第二外层对水分的渗透性。该膜进一步包括分散在外层之间的内层,该内层由低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)组成,所述低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)用二氧化硅浸渍,将精油载入内层中,该内层进一步包含沸石。
在使用中,将膜放置在要保存的水果或其他农产品的附近,该布置使得一旦由于自然呼吸作用水分从水果中释放,水分就朝向内层通过第一外层和第二外层中的至少一个中的亲水贴片,当水分被沸石吸收,其引起反应发生,由此沸石的温度升高。温度的升高反而会激活挥发性精油的释放,挥发性精油起到生物熏蒸剂的作用,并最终通过消除周围的微生物元素促进农产品的保存。
沸石的优选形式是其商业上称为分子筛13X沸石的形式,其以商品代码283592和CAS号63231-69-6从作为供应商的Sigma Aldrich获得。13X沸石是具有Na2O与Al2O3摩尔比为1:1且Na2O与SiO2的摩尔比在1:2.6至3的摩尔范围内的Na2O、Al2O3和SiO2配方。13X沸石的珠粒形式是优选的,并且珠粒的尺寸范围在4-12目之间,孔径范围在之间。13X沸石的H2O当量容量(equivalent capacity)是总珠粒重量的28%至30%。
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)多层膜通过共挤出方法嵌入以不同质量比和浓度获取的优选精油混合物(即柠檬草油和薄荷油或柠檬草加柠檬的精油体系)。在与粉状的LDPE和13X沸石混合之前,首先将精油的混合物吸附在二氧化硅粉末上。此后,将混合物加入到系统吹膜机的中央挤出生产线的料斗中,同时将与亲水性聚合物(羟丙基甲基纤维素)共混的LDPE粒料加入外线。将不同挤出生产线的温度保持在140℃,并以5m/min的速度拉膜,同时保持吹塑压力在215kPa。当用千分尺测量时,所产生的薄膜的平均宽度为20cm,平均厚度为75μm。
膜中的外层提供了抗微生物挥发性精油的多方向的释放。因此,可以在储存和运输阶段在水果之间包含根据本发明的膜,其效果是膜的两侧的水果将暴露于释放出的挥发性精油。然而,可以预见的是,另一个实施方式可以包括不具有亲水贴片的非渗透层,该膜可以放置在内膜的任一侧上,以便于挥发性精油的单向释放(如果需要)。
精油成分是选自由柠檬草、薄荷、柠檬、酸橙、香茅、丁香、百里香、甜橙、桔、薰衣草、桉树、姜、迷迭香、茶树等的精油组成的组中的任何精油或精油混合物。
申请人预见到,该膜可用于保存农产品的袋子、衬里或片材形式,能够保存大多数而非有所有类型的新鲜农产品,但具体的焦点是脱落的水果,更具体地说,任何选自为本地、进口和出口市场提供的仁果、核果或鲜食葡萄组成的组中的脱落的水果。
由于通过吸收水分而促进挥发性精油的释放,考虑到其释放受到控制,所以精油防腐剂的抗微生物效果延长。在没有水分的情况下,精油的释放量会减少,而当水分作为腐烂的催化剂普遍存在时,吸收水分,精油释放,这限制了本文所述的腐烂。
为此,通过热喷雾和浸渍或浸透处理,测试柠檬草、酸橙和柠檬油的精油对抗‘澳洲青苹(Granny Smith)’、‘金冠苹果(Golden Delicious)’和‘粉红佳人(Pink Lady)’'苹果品种上的灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)和牛眼果腐病菌(Neofabraea alba)的功效。处理后的果实在受控气氛下储存28天,然后在20℃下储存7天。精油混合物在热喷雾处理中对所有三个品种的灰葡萄孢(B.cinerea)、扩展青霉(P.expansum)和牛眼果腐病菌(N.alba)具有最高的抑制作用。与对照处理(水)相比,对水果进行浸渍处理的情况下,杀菌剂和精油对所有三个品种的灰葡萄孢(B.cinerea)、扩展青霉(P.expansum)和牛眼果腐病菌(N.alba)都有最好的抑制作用。结果证实使用精油与受控气氛组合作为天然熏蒸剂来控制苹果采后病害的可能性。光学显微镜研究表明,柠檬草精油破坏微生物细胞质膜,导致细胞质与细胞壁明显分离。使用气相色谱(GC)-质谱(MS)分析法分析柠檬、酸橙和柠檬草的精油的化学成分。GC-MS光谱分析显示柠檬精油中有45种成分,其中柠檬烯(58.52%)和γ-萜品烯(19.80%)为主要化合物。酸橙显示20种成分,其中苎烯(79.00%)和γ-萜品烯(11.22%)是丰富的化合物。柠檬草中含有27种成分,其中香叶醛(48.14%)和橙花醛(38.32%)是主要化合物。
在用单一精油和精油混合物处理的苹果采后浸渍试验期间获得的结果表明,精油作为生物熏蒸剂和抗微生物剂的功效出现在下表1至3中。
通过用来自柠檬草、薄荷和柠檬的精油混合物浸渍膜,在鲜食葡萄品种‘维多利亚’和‘红地球’的生物体内条件下,朝控制鲜食葡萄的灰霉病(Botrytis rot)的生物控制系统的方向发展,还对来自柠檬草、薄荷和柠檬的精油混合物对抗灰葡萄孢的活性进行测试。进行未接种试验和接种试验。两种精油共混,即柠檬草1.25%+薄荷1.25%以及柠檬草1.25%+柠檬18.75%以每个片材5%重量装载2种用于试验。控释片材与气调包装(MAP)、常规气氛(RA)和受控气氛(CA-5%O2+10%CO2)组合使用。
对于未接种的试验,葡萄每箱装入4.5公斤箱子,每箱5-7串。如下表4所示,测试了16种处理组合。将两个浸渍片材放在盒子内的葡萄顶部和葡萄底部并储存于RA、CA或使用期限MAP(Life Span MAP)中。内包装材料包括吸湿片和手提袋。只带有SO2的片材和没有浸渍精油的片材的箱子代表对照纸箱。水果纸箱在-0.5℃下储存在RA、CA和Life Span MAP衬里内4周,并在15℃下储存5天货架期。从冷藏的纸箱中取出葡萄时,将葡萄移至15℃下并储存在带有或没有带有片材的情况,以确定对腐烂发展和质量(异味)的功效。测验每一串葡萄的腐烂和潜在的异味。
对于‘维多利亚’未接种试验,与标准SO2处理相比,精油共混物与MAP的组合显示出最低的腐烂发生率。RA与精油共混物的组合不能控制腐烂或抑制腐烂发展。尽管实现了显着的腐烂控制,但结果表明,添加精油共混物控释片材至MAP导致中度-重度异味。在RA(P2RAC1)中柠檬草和柠檬的组合显着降低了货架期内腐烂的发生率,没有任何异味。尽管标准SO2和CA处理在腐烂控制方面出现率较低,但该处理与精油共混处理没有显着差异。
对于‘红地球’非接种试验,与SO2处理相比,柠檬草和薄荷与MAP或CA以及柠檬草和柠檬在两种浓度(2%或5%)下与MAP或CA的混合显着减少真菌发展。然而,在品尝葡萄后,检测到葡萄的特征香气持续存在。据指出,与标准的SO2处理相比,与CA或RA组合2%或5%的更多精油共混物导致腐烂发展的显着减少而不引起任何异味。
对于接种的葡萄试验,用乙醇(70%)和次氯酸钠(0.2%)对果实进行消毒2分钟,空气干燥,然后用无菌针头使其创伤(3×1mm)。用病原体孢子悬浮液(104cfu mL-1)喷雾水果创口并使其干燥以开始感染。通过压缩机将病原体喷在葡萄串表面上10-15分钟。在4.5公斤的盒子里装入5-7串葡萄。测试了16种处理组合。将浸渍过的片材放在盒子内的葡萄的顶部和底部并储存在RA、CA或Life Span MAP中。内包装材料包括吸湿片和手提袋。只有用SO2片材且没有浸渍精油片材的箱子代表控制纸箱。水果纸箱在RA、CA和Life Span MAP衬里中于-0.5℃下保存4周,并在15℃下保存5天货架期。在从冷藏中取出时,将葡萄纸箱移至15℃下并在带有或没有带有片材的情况下存放以确定对腐烂发展和异味的功效。检测每串接种葡萄的腐烂情况和潜在的异味。
对于‘维多利亚’接种试验,与其他处理相比,精油共混物与MAP的组合显着抑制真菌发展。在包装(MAP)中添加精油共混物导致异味。与SO2处理相比,精油共混物(2/5%的柠檬草和柠檬)与RA的组合测试导致显着减少真菌腐烂发展,而不引起任何异味。
对于‘红地球’接种试验,与SO2处理相比,2%的柠檬草和薄荷的共混物以及2%或5%的柠檬草和柠檬与CA或MAP组合显着抑制腐烂发展。虽然该处理表现出最低的腐烂发生率,但会导致中度异味。此外,5%的柠檬草和薄荷与CA的组合、2%的柠檬草和柠檬与CA的组合、5%的柠檬草和柠檬与MAP的组合以及5%的柠檬草和柠檬与CA的组合,导致显着的腐烂减少而对葡萄不引起任何异味。
对‘维多利亚’和‘红地球’的最佳处理方法也进行了比较,在两种栽培品的未接种试验中,2%的柠檬草和柠檬共混物与RA的组合,在减少真菌发展、没有导致任何异味方面表现最好。在接种试验中,2%或5%的柠檬草和柠檬共混物与RA的组合导致两种栽培品显着减少腐烂而不引起任何异味。研究结果表明,与‘维多利亚’品种相比,更多精油共混物对‘红地球’品种是有效的。精油针对真菌的确切抗真菌作用机制尚未明确,可能是由于它们含量最丰富的成分,尤其是酚类化合物。可在精油中获得的具有亲脂特性的酚类成分在细胞壁中发挥作用,并干扰膜催化的酶和负责能量和蛋白质生成的酶的作用,并因此导致细胞死亡。
本发明还提供了一种保存产品的方法,其通过用亲水剂如羟丙基甲基纤维素浸渍一批低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)以形成第一混合物开始,并且浸渍第二批LDPE和二氧化硅形式的载体、精油形式的抗微生物挥发剂和吸收剂如沸石(优选市售的13X沸石)以形成第二混合物。将第一混合物和第二混合物引入吹膜机中,并通过共挤出方法从吹膜机中挤出三层薄膜,从而将第一混合物挤出成具有亲水贴片在其中的两个外层,并且将第二混合物挤出以形成分散在外层之间的内层。按照通过将三层膜置于需要保存的产品附近这种方法保存产品,并使从产品中释放的水分通过三层膜中的亲水贴片并被位于内层的沸石吸收。沸石通过吸收水分而被激活,这导致沸石温度升高,这又促使抗菌精油释放到产品周围的大气中,这消除了周围的微生物元素。
精油在气相中的抗真菌活性认识到应用精油作为生物熏蒸剂来控制果实中的采后病害,该果实在包装线或采后链中的其他地方不能经受含水卫生环境。
据此断言,用于保存产品的已知处理和方法所呈现的缺点可以至少部分地通过根据本发明的膜和方法来克服。
特别是,通过提供一种可行的和具有成本效益的有机替代品,克服了不得不使用和处理有潜在危害的农药、杀菌剂或其他化学品来保存农产品的缺点。
此外,本发明克服了US'939所提出的缺点,该发明反向教导了使用诸如已知的过敏原硫酸钡之类的物质,而不是提供更可行的有机溶液。
通过根据本发明提供额外水分吸收的手段的膜和方法克服了如US'149中所述的在要保存的产品附近形成水分(其实际上促进了产品的加速腐烂)的缺点。
应该理解的是,就本发明而言在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下,可存在细节上的变化。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于保存农产品的膜,包括:
-第一聚合物外层和第二聚合物外层;
-至少一个所述聚合物外层被亲水剂浸渍,以在至少一个所述聚合物外层中形成亲水袋,来增加浸渍有所述亲水剂的所述聚合物外层对水分的渗透性;以及
-分散在所述外层之间的内层,所述内层由聚合物构成,该聚合物被浸渍有用于将抗微生物挥发剂结合入所述内层的载体,所述内层进一步包括吸收剂,
其中所述膜在使用中是放置在要保存的农产品附近,该布置使得一旦由于自然呼吸作用而从农产品中释放水分,所述水分就朝向所述内层穿过第一外层和第二外层中的亲水贴片,在所述内层水分被所述吸收剂吸收,从而导致所述吸收剂的温度升高,进而激发抗微生物挥发剂的释放,由此通过消除周围的微生物以有助于农产品的保存。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述抗微生物挥发剂是精油。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中,所述精油为选自由柠檬草、薄荷、柠檬、酸橙、香茅、丁香、百里香、甜橙、桔、薰衣草、桉树、姜、迷迭香和茶树的精油组成的组中精油或精油混合物。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述吸收剂是沸石。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述沸石包括具有Na2O与Al2O3摩尔比为1:1且Na2O与SiO2的摩尔比在1:2.6至3的范围内的Na2O、Al2O3和SiO2配方。
6.根据权利要求4或5中任一项所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中沸石的形式选自珠粒或粉末形式。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中单个珠粒的尺寸在4-12目之间,孔径在之间。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述沸石的H2O当量容量为总珠粒重量的28%至30%。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述载体是二氧化硅粉末。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述亲水剂是羟丙基甲基纤维素。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述农产品是选自由仁果、核果或者鲜食葡萄组成的组中的任何落叶果实。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述微生物元素可以是真菌或细菌,并且更具体地为灰葡萄孢、扩展青霉和牛眼果腐病菌。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于保存农产品的膜,其中所述膜用于制造选自以下组中的任何物品:用于容纳和运输农产品的农产品袋,或用于放置在农产品容器中的衬里或片材。
14.一种保存农产品的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-用亲水剂浸渍第一聚合物材料,以形成第一混合物;
-用载体、吸收剂和抗微生物挥发剂浸渍第二聚合物材料,以形成第二混合物;
-将所述第一混合物和所述第二混合物引入吹膜机中;
-通过共挤出方法从吹膜机中挤出三层膜,使得所述第一混合物被挤出成两个具有亲水贴片的外层,并使得所述第二混合物被挤出以形成分散在所述外层之间的内层;
-将所述三层膜置于农产品附近以将其保存;
-从农产品中释放出的水分穿过所述三层膜中的亲水贴片并被所述内层的所述吸收剂吸收;
-通过吸收水分来激活所述吸收剂,从而导致温度升高;
-将抗菌微生物挥发剂释放到周围农产品的气氛中;以及
-通过消除周围的微生物来保存农产品。
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