CN108947637A - A method of cultivation of auricularia auricula material is made using hickory nut production and processing waste - Google Patents
A method of cultivation of auricularia auricula material is made using hickory nut production and processing waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN108947637A CN108947637A CN201710385172.9A CN201710385172A CN108947637A CN 108947637 A CN108947637 A CN 108947637A CN 201710385172 A CN201710385172 A CN 201710385172A CN 108947637 A CN108947637 A CN 108947637A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material, it is characterised in that with Chinese walnut twig powder, Pu shell bits, shell bits for primary raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, soy meal, calcium superphosphate, land plaster, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%.The content of present invention further includes the production method of the culture material.The present invention has the advantages that first is that Chinese walnut twig powder, Pu shell bits, shell bits, by sunlight exposure, secondary fermentation or accumulation ripening, both toxic bateriostatics had been degraded, so that the macromolecular substances such as lignin, cellulose is decomposed into the simple material for being conducive to the absorption of black fungus mycelia again, promotes the growth of black fungus mycelia；Second is that culture utilization is reasonable, bacterium material good permeability, water-retaining property are strong, and black fungus produce agaric performance is good, and yield is high, and biological efficiency reaches 120.2%-127.8%；Third is that the harmless treatment of only Chinese walnut branch, Pu shell, shell provides a solution, a kind of new matrix also is had found for cultivation of auricularia auricula.
Description
Technical field
The present invention makes cultivation of auricularia auricula material, the compatibility including culture material using hickory nut production and processing waste, and is somebody's turn to do
The production method of culture material, belongs to technical field of edible fungi cultivation.
Background technique
Hickory nut Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory is a kind of woody oil tree species, and fruit hickory nut is worldwide dry fruit,
The whole world shares 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Hickory nut has long cultivation history in China, has so far more than 500 years, and main point
It is distributed in around the temmoku mountain area of Zhejiang, two province of Anhui boundary, is located in 29 ° -31 ° of north latitude, 118 ° -120 ° of east longitude, total cultivated area is about
8.67 ten thousand hm2, more than 20,000 ton of annual output.
In hickory nut production and process, three classes waste can be generated.First is that the branch generated after pruning.I
State's hickory nut cultivated area is big, trims the branch enormous amount fallen from hickory nut garden every year, however, there is no obtain for these branches
To reasonable utilization, largely it is used as fuel wood；Second is that pecan shell (being made of exocarp and middle pericarp).Hickory nut fresh fruit
Harvesting is got off, and one layer of Pu shell of outside is discarded after peeling with machine, and 1 jin of dry seed of hickory nut of every output, just has at least 4 jin
Pu shell.These Pu shells, quantity is very big, and by shelling also woods, (hickory nut is produced in mountain area after all, what much The mountains are high and the roads are steep for some
Area, which will accomplish largely to go back woods, to be difficult to carry out), without also woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, dosage is also really
It is limited, therefore a large amount of pecan shell is arbitrarily abandoned or is burned；Third is that hickory nut shell, i.e. hickory nut endocarp, are wood
The hard shell that matter fossil cellular layer is formed.Past hickory nut is sold as dry fruit, and shell is difficult to recycle, and many mountains now
Walnut by deep processing and utilization, thus caused by hickory nut shell it is a large amount of and concentrate, these shell major part enterprises as
Waste is handled, and production cost, but also pollution environment are not only increased.
Hickory nut branch, wood tissue is close, and content of lignin is high in unit volume；Pecan shell contains higher battalion
Substance is supported, according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell dried contains lignin about 43%, cellulose about 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium
0.797%；Shell contains the ingredients such as cellulose, lignin, wherein content of lignin about 52%, cellulose about 11%.It is above this
A little components can provide required carbon source for black fungus growth and development.But since these three types of wastes are also containing alkaloids and polyphenol
The substances such as class, these substances can inhibit the growth of black fungus mycelia, therefore the cultivation of hickory nut branch to be utilized, Pu shell, shell is black
Agaric, it is important to these antibacterial substances be enable to decompose and volatilize.
Black fungus is a kind of domestomycetes, the ability with stronger decomposition lignin, cellulose, in edible mushroom Main Cultivation
Raw material (cotton seed hulls, sawdust) increasingly short today, if hickory nut branch, Pu shell, shell these waste wood matter substitution of resources woodss
Expect cultivating black fungus, be not only this behave of the drop an of Edible Fungi, but also is that a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause are lifted
It arranges.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects content:
1, a kind of using hickory nut branch, Pu shell, shell as the cultivation of auricularia auricula material compatibility of primary raw material
2, the production method of culture material
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material compatibility has following component and quality proportioning: Chinese walnut twig powder 7%-13%, Pu shell bits
16%-20%, shell consider 45%-55% to be worth doing, and rice bran 15%, soy meal 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, land plaster 1% is all dry matter
Quality, proportion the sum of be 100%.
Chinese walnut twig powder: drying, be ground into the particle of partial size 2mm-3mm, is then set outdoor stacking (windrow naturally
Place answer it is intermediate it is slightly higher, surrounding is slightly lower, and have ditch, not ponding), material heap high 1.5m-2m, wide 3m-5m, length is unlimited.When windrow,
It answers the side Bian Dui to sprinkle water, makes material sufficiently drenched, usually material heap is kept to moisten (wood grain water content reaches saturation), and material heap surrounding passes through
Often it there are flowing out.During heap fermentation, every turning in 2 months is primary, altogether turning 4 times, and the time continues 1 year, fermentation ends
Afterwards, material is sufficiently dried, is collected spare.
Pu shell bits: drying, be ground into the particle of partial size 5mm-7mm, is then set outdoor stack naturally and (answered in windrow place
Centre is slightly higher, surrounding is slightly lower, and has ditch, not ponding), material heap high 2m-3m, wide 5m-10m are long unlimited.When windrow, Ying Biandui
Side watering, makes material sufficiently drenched, it is wet (Pu shell bits water content reaches saturation) usually to keep material heap, and material heap surrounding often has water
Outflow.During heap fermentation, every 20d turning is primary, altogether turning 4 times, and the time continues three months, after fermentation, will expect
It sufficiently dries, collects spare.
Shell bits: drying, be ground into the particle of partial size 3mm-5mm, be deposited at aeration-drying, is aged 1 year.
Rice bran: it is by-product when essence grinds rice after paddy husking, is soaked in rice bran containing protein 12%-18%, nitrogen-free
Object is 28%-43%, sugar 3%-8% out, in addition, also rich in mineral nutrient, B family vitamin and vitamin E etc. in rice bran.
Soy meal: soybean through drying, crush.
Calcium superphosphate: being water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provides phosphorus, sulphur nutritional ingredient.
Land plaster: stablizing culture material pH value, increases calcium, sulphur nutritional ingredient.
The production method of culture material, includes the following steps:
1. shining material: raw material being exposed to the sun 1d-2d before spice, kills part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material using ultraviolet light, while making to press down
The volatilization of bacterium substance decomposition；
2. prewetting: first Chinese walnut twig powder, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned uniformly in the dry state, it is pre- with water thereafter
It is wet (sufficiently drenched)；
3. banking up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the unlimited trapezoidal heap of length, the cultivation of every heap
After carrying out heap, surrounding is patted in dry weight 300kg-500kg for material control, then one is inserted on heap with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm
A little vertical stomatas, straight through reactor bottom, stomatal frequency are 1/m3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation；
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeping for 24 hours, then carrying out turning, and turning daily is primary later, finally
The auxiliary materials such as rice bran, soy meal, calcium superphosphate, land plaster are added when turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turn over altogether
Heap 4-5 times, time continue 6d-7d, and when terminating fermentation, the water content of compost is 63%-65%；
5. pack: using the high pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thickness 0.05mm, bacteria stick standard is stock column
Length (45 ± 1) cm, bacteria stick weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg；
6. sterilizing, cooling: material bag being carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), is kept
Then 10h-12h naturally cools to 25 DEG C or less.
Cave method (the equidistant dislocation in material bag two sides, i.e. 3, front, 2, the back side) inoculation is played using 5 points, hair is entered after inoculation
In the bacterium stage, at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C, relative air humidity is controlled in 60%-75%, by the training of 50d-53d the control of culture room temperature
It supports, mycelia covers with material bag, just enters grand style, ear management.
The present invention, for primary raw material, is aided with rice bran, soy meal, peroxophosphoric acid with Chinese walnut twig powder, Pu shell bits, shell bits
The auxiliary materials such as calcium, land plaster make cultivation of auricularia auricula material.The advantage is that: first is that Chinese walnut twig powder, Pu shell bits, shell bits, warp
Sunlight exposure, secondary fermentation or accumulation ripening are crossed, had not only degraded toxic bateriostatics, but also made lignin, cellulose etc. big point
Sub- substance decomposition is the simple material for being conducive to the absorption of black fungus mycelia, promotes the growth of black fungus mycelia；Second is that _ _ cultivation
Rationally, bacterium material good permeability, water-retaining property are strong, and black fungus produce agaric performance is good for material proportion, and yield is high, and biological efficiency reaches
120.2%-127.8%；Third is that the harmless treatment of only Chinese walnut branch, Pu shell, shell provides a solution,
Also a kind of new matrix is had found for cultivation of auricularia auricula.
Specific embodiment
Mode 1: cultivation of auricularia auricula material includes following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: Chinese walnut twig powder 7%, Pu
Shell bits 16%, shell bits 55%, rice bran 15%, soy meal 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, land plaster 1% is all the matter of dry matter
Amount, the sum of proportion are 100%.
Production method:
1. shining material: raw material being exposed to the sun 2d before spice, kills part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material using ultraviolet light, while making bateriostatics
Matter decomposes volatilization；
2. prewetting: first Chinese walnut twig powder, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned uniformly in the dry state, it is pre- with water thereafter
It is wet (sufficiently drenched)；
3. banking up fermentation: wet feed is piled into high 1.2m, wide 3m, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted for the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, then
Some vertical stomatas, straight through reactor bottom are inserted on heap with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, stomatal frequency is 1/m3, finally covers straw mat and allows
Its spontaneous fermentation；
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeping for 24 hours, then carrying out turning, and turning daily is primary later, finally
The auxiliary materials such as rice bran, soybean powder, calcium superphosphate, land plaster are added when turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turn over altogether
Heap 4 times, the time continues 6d, and when terminating fermentation, the water content of compost is 65%；
5. pack: using the high pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thickness 0.05mm, bacteria stick standard is stock column
Length (45 ± 1) cm, bacteria stick weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg；
6. sterilizing, cooling: material bag being carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), is kept
Then 10h naturally cools to 25 DEG C or less.
Cave method (the equidistant dislocation in material bag two sides, i.e. 3, front, 2, the back side) inoculation is played using 5 points, hair is entered after inoculation
In the bacterium stage, the control of culture room temperature is at 22 DEG C, and relative air humidity is controlled 65%, and by the culture of 50d-53d, mycelia is covered with
Material bag just enters grand style, ear management.The biological efficiency of black fungus is up to 127.8%.
Mode 2: cultivation of auricularia auricula material includes following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: Chinese walnut twig powder 10%,
Pu shell bits 18%, shell bits 50%, rice bran 15%, soy meal 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, land plaster 1% is all the matter of dry matter
Amount, the sum of proportion are 100%.Production method reference mode 1.The biological efficiency of black fungus is up to 122.6%.
Mode 3: cultivation of auricularia auricula material includes following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: Chinese walnut twig powder 3%, Pu
Shell bits 20%, shell bits 45%, rice bran 15%, soy meal 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, land plaster 1% is all the matter of dry matter
Amount, the sum of proportion are 100%.Production method reference mode 1.The biological efficiency of black fungus is up to 120.2%.
Influence of the culture material of table different modes to black fungus biological efficiency
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material, it is characterised in that contain following component and quality proportioning: Chinese walnut twig powder 7%-13%,
Pu shell consider to be worth doing 16%-20%, shell consider to be worth doing 45%-55%, rice bran 15%, soy meal 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, land plaster 1%, all for
The quality of dry matter, the sum of proportion are 100%.
2. a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Chinese walnut twig powder is mountain core
The branch fallen is trimmed in peach garden, is dried, is ground into the particle of partial size 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Pu shell bits are pecan shell,
Dried, be ground into the particle of partial size 5mm-7mm.
4. a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Chinese walnut twig powder, Pu shell
Bits, it is necessary to ferment by natural packing, when windrow, the side Bian Dui be answered to sprinkle water, make material sufficiently drenched, usually keep the wet (bits of material heap
Grain water content reaches saturation), the every turning in two months of Chinese walnut twig powder is primary, and the composting time continues 1 year, and Pu shell is considered every 20d to be worth doing and turned over
Heap is primary, and the time continues three months, and after fermentation, material is sufficiently dried, is collected spare.
5. a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shell bits are hickory nut shell,
The particle for being dried, being ground into partial size 3mm-5mm, is then deposited at aeration-drying, and ageing 1 year spare.
6. a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rice bran is essence after paddy husking
Grind by-product when rice.
7. a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the soy meal is Soybean drying, powder
It is broken to form.
8. a kind of production method of cultivation of auricularia auricula material described in claim 1-7, it is characterised in that:
1. shining material: raw material being exposed to the sun 1d-2d before spice, kills part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material using ultraviolet light, while making bateriostatics
Matter decomposes volatilization；
2. prewetting: first turning uniformly Chinese walnut twig powder, Pu shell bits, shell bits in the dry state, prewetted (fill with water thereafter
Divide drenched)；
3. banking up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the unlimited trapezoidal heap of length, the culture material control of every heap
After carrying out heap, surrounding is patted in dry weight 300kg-500kg for system, then some erect is inserted on heap with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm
Straight stomata, straight through reactor bottom, stomatal frequency are 1/m3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation；
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeping for 24 hours, then carrying out turning, and turning daily is primary later, last time
The auxiliary materials such as rice bran, soy meal, calcium superphosphate, land plaster are added when turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, altogether turning 4-
5 times, the time continues 6d-7d, and when terminating fermentation, the water content of compost is 63%-65%；
5. pack: using the high pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thickness 0.05mm, bacteria stick standard is stock column length
(45 ± 1) cm, bacteria stick weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg:
6. sterilizing, cooling: material bag being carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-
Then 12h naturally cools to 25 DEG C or less.
9. utilizing cultivation of auricularia auricula material described in claim 1-8, it is characterised in that beat cave method (material bag two sides etc. using 5 points
Distance misplaces, i.e. 3, front, 2, the back side) inoculation, the bacterium germination stage is entered after inoculation, culture room temperature is controlled at 20 DEG C -22 DEG C,
Relative air humidity is controlled in 60%-75%, and by the culture of 50d-53d, mycelia covers with material bag, is just entered grand style, is gone out syrinx
Reason.
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| CN201710385172.9A CN108947637A (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2017-05-26 | A method of cultivation of auricularia auricula material is made using hickory nut production and processing waste |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103508811A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-15 | 邬方成 | Method for utilizing hickory producing and processing waste to prepare black mushroom cultivation material |
| CN103524177A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-22 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing black fungus cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut producing and processing |
| CN108147865A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-12 | 陆晓钟 | A kind of method for making cultivation of auricularia auricula material using hickory nut production and processing waste |
-
2017
- 2017-05-26 CN CN201710385172.9A patent/CN108947637A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103508811A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-15 | 邬方成 | Method for utilizing hickory producing and processing waste to prepare black mushroom cultivation material |
| CN103524177A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-22 | 邬方成 | Method for preparing black fungus cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut producing and processing |
| CN108147865A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-12 | 陆晓钟 | A kind of method for making cultivation of auricularia auricula material using hickory nut production and processing waste |
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Application publication date: 20181207 |