CN108911700B - 一种焊接用的陶质复合衬垫及制造方法 - Google Patents

一种焊接用的陶质复合衬垫及制造方法 Download PDF

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CN108911700B
CN108911700B CN201810947796.XA CN201810947796A CN108911700B CN 108911700 B CN108911700 B CN 108911700B CN 201810947796 A CN201810947796 A CN 201810947796A CN 108911700 B CN108911700 B CN 108911700B
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孟庆武
李嘉欣
孟凡琦
李来泉
陈桂娟
于心泷
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Abstract

一种焊接用的陶质复合衬垫及制造方法。主要目的在于提供一种既可以保证焊缝质量又可以降低衬垫整体成本的焊接用衬垫以及制造方法。其特征在于:所述陶质复合衬垫具有表层和基底层;所述表层的组分按照质量百分比分别为高岭土30~35wt.%、二氧化锆20~25 wt.%、三氧化二铝17~22 wt.%、二氧化硅7~12 wt.%、氧化钠或氧化钾6~9 wt.%、冰晶石5~8 wt.%、滑石3~5 wt.%、长石1~3 wt.%和氧化钛0.2~0.5 wt.%;所述基底层的组分按照质量百分比分别为甘肃红粘土75~85wt.%、冰晶石5~9 wt.%、三氧化二铝3~8wt.%、二氧化硅2~8wt.%。制造时,预压成型基底层,再在所述基底层上面复合压制表层,所述基底层厚度占衬垫毛坯的90%~80%,其余为表层。

Description

一种焊接用的陶质复合衬垫及制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种焊接领域使用的陶质衬垫,具体是一种具有表层和基底复合组分的陶质衬垫及其制造方法。
背景技术
焊接用的陶质衬垫一般为方形块状,正面有一条弧形凹棱,用于约束焊接熔池形态,形成略微凸起的焊缝。在单面焊接施工时,为了保证焊缝质量,按照焊缝长度将多个陶质衬垫块连接成一长条,贴附在焊道背面,封堵焊接坡口,焊接时形成良好的焊缝质量,避免焊缝出现未焊透、焊瘤等缺陷。
目前,国内外焊接领域使用的陶质衬垫都是采用均一材质原材料。当选用烧制和焊接工艺性良好的衬垫原材料时,衬垫生产成本较高;当采用普通粘土等低成本的衬垫原材料时,衬垫烧制和焊接工艺性又较差。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中所提到的技术问题,本发明提供一种具有表层和基底复合组分的陶质衬垫及其制造方法。
本发明的技术方案是:该种焊接用的陶质复合衬垫,由表层和基底层两层结构复合而成,其中所述表层结构的厚度占所述陶质复合衬垫整体厚度的10~20%,其余为所述基底层结构的厚度。
所述表层由如下组分按照质量百分比构成,分别为高岭土30~35wt.%、二氧化锆20~25 wt.%、三氧化二铝17~22 wt.%、二氧化硅7~12 wt.%、氧化钠或氧化钾6~9 wt.%、冰晶石5~8 wt.%、滑石3~5 wt.%、长石1~3 wt.%和氧化钛0.2~0.5 wt.%;所述基底层由如下组分按照质量百分比构成,分别为甘肃红粘土75~85wt.%、冰晶石5~9 wt.%、三氧化二铝3~8wt.%、二氧化硅2~8wt.%。
用于制造所述陶质复合衬垫的方法,该方法由如下步骤构成:
第一步,上移出上压头,调整下压头与方孔模具的上下位置,按照预压制衬垫基底厚度的3.5~4.5倍设定方孔模具的方孔深度,将衬垫基底原料填充到方孔里;
第二步,通过压力机推动上压头下压,压力控制在所需最大压力的70~80%,将衬垫基底原料压缩成毛坯;
第三步,上移出上压头,下压头推动衬垫基底毛坯上移,按照预压制衬垫表层厚度的3.5~4.5倍设定方孔模具的剩余方孔深度,将衬垫表层原料填充到方孔里;
第四步,上压头再次下压,压力为所需最大压力,将衬垫表层原料压缩的同时,衬垫基底毛坯进一步压缩,复合衬垫毛坯成型;
第五步,上移出上压头,下压头推动衬垫复合毛坯上移出方孔模具,衬垫毛坯的压制工艺完成。
本发明具有如下有益效果:首先,衬垫优质原料表层保证了焊缝质量良好,消耗原料多的基底选用普通甘肃红粘土又降低了衬垫的整体成本;其次,陶质复合衬垫制造方法采用常规陶质衬垫的混料、压制、烧结设备,基本未增加设备投资和工艺复杂性。
附图说明:
图1为陶质复合衬垫的结构示意图;
图2为陶质复合衬垫的压制模具的结构示意图;
图3为模具调整和添加基底原料时的示意图;
图4为衬垫基底预压制时的示意图;
图5为模具调整上部容积时的示意图;
图6为模具里添加表层原料时的示意图;
图7为展示衬垫基底与表层压制过程的示意图;
图8为衬垫压制好后的顶出状态示意图。
图中:1-上压头;2-方孔模具;3-下压头;4-基底原料;5-衬垫基底;6-表层原料;7-衬垫表层。
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:
本种陶质复合衬垫,如图1所示,具有表层和基底两种组分,衬垫的表层厚度约占整体厚度的10~20%,其余为基底厚度。
所述陶质复合衬垫的表层原料选用高岭土、氧化锆等多种烧结性能好、耐高温组分;基底原料选用普通甘肃红粘土为主料,配以冰晶石等少量其它组分。
所述陶质复合衬垫的表层原料具体组分配比为:高岭土30~35wt.%、二氧化锆20~25 wt.%、三氧化二铝17~22 wt.%、二氧化硅7~12 wt.%、氧化钠或氧化钾6~9 wt.%、冰晶石5~8 wt.%、滑石3~5 wt.%、长石1~3 wt.%、氧化钛0.2~0.5 wt.%。
所述陶质复合衬垫的基底原料具体组分配比为:普通甘肃红粘土75~85wt.%、冰晶石5~9 wt.%、三氧化二铝3~8wt.%、二氧化硅2~8wt.%。
所述陶质复合衬垫制造方法采用常规陶质衬垫的混料、压制、烧结设备,在衬垫毛坯的压制模具和工艺上有所区别。
如图2所示,所述衬垫压制模具包括上压头、方孔模具、下压头三部分,安装在陶质衬垫毛坯压制的常规压力机上。
所述方孔模具中间有一个方形孔,用于预制衬垫的方形毛坯。所述上压头为方形柱体,与方孔模具的方形孔成小间隙配合,可在其孔里上下滑动,上压头下部有一个小弧形凸棱,用于预制衬垫上表面的弧形凹棱。所述下压头为方形柱体,与方孔模具的方形孔成小间隙配合,可在其孔里上下滑动。
如图3至图8所示,所述陶质复合衬垫毛坯制造时,先预压成型较厚的衬垫基底,再在其上面复合压制一层较薄的表层。具体压制工艺流程为:第一步,上移出上压头,调整下压头与方孔模具的上下位置,按照预压制衬垫基底厚度的3.5~4.5倍设定方孔模具的方孔深度,将衬垫基底原料填充到方孔里;第二步,通过压力机推动上压头下压,压力控制在所需最大压力的70~80%,将衬垫基底原料压缩成毛坯;第三步,上移出上压头,下压头推动衬垫基底毛坯上移,按照预压制衬垫表层厚度的3.5~4.5倍设定方孔模具的剩余方孔深度,将衬垫表层原料填充到方孔里;第四步,上压头再次下压,压力为所需最大压力,将衬垫表层原料压缩的同时,衬垫基底毛坯进一步压缩,复合衬垫毛坯成型;第五步,上移出上压头,下压头推动衬垫复合毛坯上移出方孔模具,衬垫毛坯的压制工艺完成。

Claims (2)

1.一种焊接用的陶质复合衬垫,由表层和基底层两层结构复合而成,其中所述表层结构的厚度占所述陶质复合衬垫整体厚度的10~20%,其余为所述基底层结构的厚度,其特征在于:所述表层由如下组分按照质量百分比构成,分别为高岭土30~35wt.%、二氧化锆20~25 wt.%、三氧化二铝17~22 wt.%、二氧化硅7~12 wt.%、氧化钠或氧化钾6~9 wt.%、冰晶石5~8 wt.%、滑石3~5 wt.%、长石1~3 wt.%和氧化钛0.2~0.5 wt.%;所述基底层由如下组分按照质量百分比构成,分别为甘肃红粘土75~85wt.%、冰晶石5~9 wt.%、三氧化二铝3~8wt.%、二氧化硅2~8wt.%。
2.一种用于制造权利要求1所述陶质复合衬垫的方法,该方法由如下步骤构成:
第一步,上移出上压头,调整下压头与方孔模具的上下位置,按照预压制衬垫基底厚度的3.5~4.5倍设定方孔模具的方孔深度,将衬垫基底原料填充到方孔里;
第二步,通过压力机推动上压头下压,压力控制在所需最大压力的70~80%,将衬垫基底原料压缩成毛坯;
第三步,上移出上压头,下压头推动衬垫基底毛坯上移,按照预压制衬垫表层厚度的3.5~4.5倍设定方孔模具的剩余方孔深度,将衬垫表层原料填充到方孔里;
第四步,上压头再次下压,压力为所需最大压力,将衬垫表层原料压缩的同时,衬垫基底毛坯进一步压缩,复合衬垫毛坯成型;
第五步,上移出上压头,下压头推动衬垫复合毛坯上移出方孔模具,衬垫毛坯的压制工艺完成。
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