CN108888726A - 一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法及复合益生菌胶囊 - Google Patents
一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法及复合益生菌胶囊 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，包括以下步骤：称料：按重量份计，称取蓝莓汁400～1200份、麦芽糊精140～300份、硬脂酸镁2～10份、藿香4～10份、茯苓2～6份、麦芽2～6份、槐花2～6份、嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉0.5～2.5份、乳双歧杆菌菌粉0.2～1份以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉0.5～2.5份；复配；发酵以及冻干。本发明还公开了一种复合益生菌胶囊。本发明一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，通过该方法制备的复合益生菌胶囊富含益生菌、中药活性成分、益生菌代谢产生的有益代谢产物等，通过婴幼儿口服该复合益生菌胶囊，达到调理婴幼儿肠道微生物群落、改善消化功能及食欲、提升婴幼儿免疫力等功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性保健食品及药品技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有改善婴幼儿肠道功能紊乱、营养不良以及提高婴幼儿免疫力的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，以及由上述复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法制得的复合益生菌胶囊。
背景技术
肠道菌群，人体肠道中的正常微生物，如双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌以及乳杆菌等能合成多种人体生长发育必须的维生素，如B族维生素(维生素B1、B2、B6、B12)，维生素K、烟酸、泛酸等，还能利用蛋白质残渣合成必需氨基酸，如天冬门氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸和苏氨酸等，并参与糖类和蛋白质的代谢，同时还能促进铁、镁、锌等矿物元素的吸收。这些营养物质对人类的健康有着重要作用，一旦缺少会引起多种疾病。除物质合成与代谢功能外，肠道复杂的微生物生态系统与机体免疫系统之间的关系也极为密切。肠道微生物不仅可以作为天然屏障维持肠上皮的完整性，防止病原微生物入侵，还通过调节肠道粘膜分泌抗体作用于肠道免疫系统，并进一步影响天然免疫和获得性免疫，因此肠道微生物又被认为是人体最大的“免疫器官”。肠道微生物维持的免疫平衡在机体自身免疫疾病的预防过程中起着重要作用，当某些因素导致肠道菌群发生改变时，会进一步影响到人的其它免疫系统，这种免疫平衡一旦被打破，就容易导致各种疾病的产生。越来越多的实验证据表明，肠道微生物不仅影响人体肠道本身的功能，还通过调控人的免疫系统，从不同角度和层面影响人的健康。
婴幼儿期是人类生命生长发育的第一高峰期，同时伴随着婴幼儿肠道菌群的迅速建立。婴幼儿肠道菌群的建立一方面来自空气中悬浮的微生物，另一方面，也来源于婴幼儿的前期进食，尤其是上述厌氧型的益生菌。如何迅速的帮助婴幼儿建立起完善的肠道菌落系统、改善婴幼儿肠道功能紊乱及营养不良、提高婴幼儿免疫力，成为当前食品保健科学领域面临的一大难题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，通过该复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法制备的复合益生菌胶囊，用以解决婴幼儿出现的肠道菌落系统不健全、肠道功能紊乱、营养不良以及免疫力低下等问题。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种复合益生菌胶囊，通过口服该复合益生菌胶囊，用以解决婴幼儿出现的肠道菌落系统不健全、肠道功能紊乱、营养不良以及免疫力低下等问题。
本发明的目的之一采用如下技术方案实现：
一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称料：按重量份计，称取蓝莓汁400～1200份、麦芽糊精140～300份、硬脂酸镁2～10份、藿香4～10份、茯苓2～6份、麦芽2～6份、槐花2～6份、嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉0.5～2.5份、乳双歧杆菌菌粉0.2～1份以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉0.5～2.5份；
复配：将麦芽糊精、硬脂酸镁、藿香、茯苓、麦芽以及槐花灭菌之后加入到无菌的蓝莓汁中，混合均匀，再向蓝莓汁中添加嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉、乳双歧杆菌菌粉以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉；
发酵：匀速搅拌情况下，35～40℃条件下无氧发酵1～5天，无氧发酵结束后，双层纱布过滤得滤液；
冻干：滤液经浓缩、冷冻干燥，最后粉碎至80～120目细度，制得复合益生菌粉，灌装成型，制得复合益生菌胶囊。
进一步地，在称料步骤中，所述蓝莓汁为600～1000份，所述麦芽糊精为180～250份，所述硬脂酸镁为5～8份，所述藿香为6～8份，所述茯苓为3～5份，所述麦芽为3～4份，所述槐花为3～5份，所述嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉为1～2份，所述乳双歧杆菌菌粉为0.4～0.7份，所述鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉为1～2.2份。
进一步地，在称料步骤中，所述蓝莓汁为800份，所述麦芽糊精为220份，所述硬脂酸镁为6份，所述藿香为7份，所述茯苓为4份，所述麦芽为3.5份，所述槐花为4.5份，所述嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉为1.5份，所述乳双歧杆菌菌粉为0.6份，所述鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉为1.8份。
进一步地，在复配步骤中，将藿香、茯苓、麦芽以及槐花粉碎至5～30目细度，将粉碎的藿香、茯苓、麦芽及槐花与麦芽糊精、硬脂酸镁一起加入到500～1000份纯化水中，95～108℃糊化、灭菌及水提0.5～4h，得复配混合液，复配混合液与蓝莓汁混合后用于接种嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉、乳双歧杆菌菌粉以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉。
进一步地，所述藿香、茯苓、麦芽以及槐花粉碎至10～20目细度，所述纯化水为600～800份，所述糊化、灭菌及水提的温度为105℃，所述糊化、灭菌及水提的时间为2.5h。
进一步地，在发酵步骤中，所述无氧发酵的温度为38℃，所述无氧发酵的时间为3天。
进一步地，在发酵步骤中，发酵液进行120～200r/min的匀速搅拌。
进一步地，在冻干步骤中，所述浓缩为25～35℃条件下真空低温浓缩，所述冷冻干燥的温度为-20～-40℃，所述冷冻干燥的真空度为500～1500millitorr。
进一步地，在冻干步骤中，所述复合益生菌粉的水分含量为12％～16％。
本发明的目的之二采用如下技术方案实现：
一种复合益生菌胶囊，所述复合益生菌胶囊由上述任一项所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法制备得到。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，通过该方法制备的复合益生菌胶囊富含益生菌、中药活性成分、益生菌代谢产生的有益代谢产物等，通过婴幼儿口服该复合益生菌胶囊，达到调理婴幼儿肠道微生物群落、改善消化功能及食欲、提升婴幼儿免疫力等功能，同时具有方便口服，受众容易接受等优点。
(2)本发明一种复合益生菌胶囊，具有调理婴幼儿肠道微生物群落、改善消化功能、提升食欲、提升婴幼儿免疫力及抵抗力等功能，明显减少婴幼儿患感冒的次数。
具体实施方式
下面，结合具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述，需要说明的是，在不相冲突的前提下，以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。
以下，通过实施例1～6来说明本发明一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备过程。
实施例1～6为6种不同的复合益生菌胶囊，该6种不同的复合益生菌胶囊的制备过程均包括称料步骤、复配步骤、发酵步骤以及冻干步骤。该6种不同的复合益生菌胶囊的制备过程的差异仅在于原料配比及工艺参数的不同。
称料步骤：按重量份计，称取蓝莓汁、麦芽糊精、硬脂酸镁、藿香、茯苓、麦芽、槐花、嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉、乳双歧杆菌菌粉以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉。各原料的重量配比见表1。
表1
复配步骤：将称取的藿香、茯苓、麦芽以及槐花粉碎至一定细度，再将粉碎的藿香、茯苓、麦芽及槐花与麦芽糊精、硬脂酸镁一起加入到500～1000份纯化水中，搅拌混合均匀，一定温度下对藿香、茯苓、麦芽以、槐花、麦芽糊精以及硬脂酸镁粉进行糊化、灭菌及水提，灭菌完毕后得复配混合液。同时，对蓝莓汁进行臭氧杀菌，制得无菌的蓝莓汁。最后将复配混合液与无菌的蓝莓汁混合均匀，添加上述称料步骤中的嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉、乳双歧杆菌菌粉以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉。藿香、茯苓、麦芽以及槐花的粉碎细度、加水量、灭菌温度、灭菌时间、臭氧杀菌中臭氧的流通量、臭氧杀菌时间等参数见表2。
表2
发酵步骤：匀速搅拌情况下，35～40℃条件下无氧发酵5～10天，无氧发酵结束后，双层纱布过滤得滤液。该滤液包含嗜酸乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌以及鼠李糖乳杆菌三种活菌菌体。搅拌转速、无氧发酵温度、无氧发酵时间等参数参见表3。
表3
冻干步骤：上述发酵步骤中得到的滤液经低温浓缩、冷冻干燥，最后粉碎至80～120目细度，制得复合益生菌粉。复合益生菌粉经过灌装成型，制得规格为1g/粒的复合益生菌胶囊(指一粒复合益生菌胶囊含有1g复合益生菌粉)。通过直接干燥法测试复合益生菌粉的含水量。低温浓缩的温度及真空度、冷冻干燥的温度及真空度以及复合益生菌粉的含水量等参数参见表4。
表4
效果试验1：测试本发明复合益生菌胶囊对婴幼儿便秘的效果
婴幼儿便秘判定标准：①大便量少、干燥，有时呈羊粪球样，落地有声；②大便难以排出，排便时有痛苦的表情，甚至有肛门被撑破的情况；③腹部胀满、疼痛；④食欲减退、烦躁、爱发脾气。
选取140例临床诊断为便秘的幼儿，年龄分布范围为3～6岁，随机分成7组，分别是实验组A、实验组B、实验组C、实验组D、实验组E、实验组F以及对照组，每组便秘的幼儿为20例。试验方法：实验组A的幼儿每日早中晚各一次口服实施例1中复合益生菌胶囊一粒；实验组B的幼儿每日早中晚各一次口服实施例2中复合益生菌胶囊一粒；实验组C的幼儿每日早中晚各一次口服实施例3中复合益生菌胶囊一粒；实验组D的幼儿每日早中晚各一次口服实施例4中复合益生菌胶囊一粒；实验组E的幼儿每日早中晚各一次口服实施例5中复合益生菌胶囊一粒；实验组F的幼儿每日早中晚各一次口服实施例6中复合益生菌胶囊一粒；对照组的幼儿正常饮食，不作处理。除上述之外，其它饮食习惯均保持一致且与正常饮食相当。保持上述饮食(试验)两周，两周后统计140例幼儿的便秘情况，结果见表5。
临床疗效判定标准
痊愈：排便顺畅，大便软但正常形状。
改善：症状改善，但没有完全消失。
无效：大便干结、排便费力。
总有效率＝(痊愈人数+改善人数)÷20×100％。
表5
由上述表5结果可知，相比于对照组，本发明复合益生菌胶囊在改善幼儿便秘状况方面效果显著，总有效率均超过85％，能够有效改善幼儿便秘状况。其中，实施例3制备的复合益生菌胶囊在改善婴幼儿便秘状况方面效果最佳。
效果试验2：测试本发明复合益生菌胶囊对婴幼儿腹泻的效果
婴幼儿腹泻的判断标准：大便次数比平时增多，大便性状改变，呈稀便、水样便、粘液便及脓血便，可伴有恶心、呕吐、腹痛、发热、口渴等症状。
试验人群：选取140例临床诊断为腹泻的幼儿，年龄分布范围为3～6岁，随机分成7组，分别是实验组A、实验组B、实验组C、实验组D、实验组E、实验组F以及对照组，每组便秘的幼儿为20例。试验方法与上述效果试验1相同。保持上述饮食(试验效果1)两周，两周后统计140例幼儿的腹泻情况，结果见表6。
临床疗效判定标准
痊愈：大便形状正常，大便次数减少。
改善：症状改善，但没有完全消失。
无效：大便常规有白细胞，有/无脓细胞，有/无红细胞，可有脂肪球。大便病原体检查可有致病性大肠杆菌或病毒检查阳性等。
总有效率＝(痊愈人数+改善人数)÷20×100％。
表6
由上述表6结果可知，本发明复合益生菌胶囊能够有效改善幼儿腹泻状况，相对于对照组，接受口服本发明复合益生菌胶囊的幼儿腹泻状况改善明显，总有效率超过90％。其中，实施例3制备的复合益生菌胶囊在改善幼儿腹泻状况方面效果最佳。
效果试验3：测试本发明复合益生菌胶囊对婴幼儿免疫力提升的效果。
统计效果试验1以及效果试验2中共计280例婴幼儿在试验结束后60天内感冒的总次数(每一组内所有幼儿感冒次数相加的总和)以及感冒发生率(每一组感冒的总次数÷小组人数×100％)。其中，实施例1-6制备的复合益生菌胶囊均对应40例幼儿，对照组同样对应40例幼儿。统计结果见表7。
表7
由上述表7结果可知，本发明复合益生菌胶囊能够有效降低幼儿患感冒次数，提升机体免疫力，抵抗病菌或者病毒侵袭。其中，实施例3制备的复合益生菌胶囊在提升幼儿机体免疫力、减少患感冒次数方面效果最为显著。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
称料：按重量份计，称取蓝莓汁400～1200份、麦芽糊精140～300份、硬脂酸镁2～10份、藿香4～10份、茯苓2～6份、麦芽2～6份、槐花2～6份、嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉0.5～2.5份、乳双歧杆菌菌粉0.2～1份以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉0.5～2.5份；
复配：将麦芽糊精、硬脂酸镁、藿香、茯苓、麦芽以及槐花灭菌之后加入到无菌的蓝莓汁中，混合均匀，再向蓝莓汁中添加嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉、乳双歧杆菌菌粉以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉；
发酵：匀速搅拌情况下，35～40℃条件下无氧发酵1～5天，无氧发酵结束后，双层纱布过滤得滤液；
胶囊成型：滤液经浓缩、冷冻干燥，最后粉碎至80～120目细度，制得复合益生菌粉，灌装成型，制得复合益生菌胶囊。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，在称料步骤中，所述蓝莓汁为600～1000份，所述麦芽糊精为180～250份，所述硬脂酸镁为5～8份，所述藿香为6～8份，所述茯苓为3～5份，所述麦芽为3～4份，所述槐花为3～5份，所述嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉为1～2份，所述乳双歧杆菌菌粉为0.4～0.7份，所述鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉为1～2.2份。
3.如权利要求2所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，在称料步骤中，所述蓝莓汁为800份，所述麦芽糊精为220份，所述硬脂酸镁为6份，所述藿香为7份，所述茯苓为4份，所述麦芽为3.5份，所述槐花为4.5份，所述嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉为1.5份，所述乳双歧杆菌菌粉为0.6份，所述鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉为1.8份。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，在复配步骤中，将藿香、茯苓、麦芽以及槐花粉碎至5～30目细度，将粉碎的藿香、茯苓、麦芽及槐花与麦芽糊精、硬脂酸镁一起加入到500～1000份纯化水中，95～108℃糊化、灭菌及水提0.5～4h，得复配混合液，复配混合液与蓝莓汁混合后用于接种嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉、乳双歧杆菌菌粉以及鼠李糖乳杆菌菌粉。
5.如权利要求4所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述藿香、茯苓、麦芽以及槐花粉碎至10～20目细度，所述纯化水为600～800份，所述糊化、灭菌及水提的温度为105℃，所述糊化、灭菌及水提的时间为2.5h。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，在发酵步骤中，所述无氧发酵的温度为38℃，所述无氧发酵的时间为3天。
7.如权利要求6所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，在发酵步骤中，发酵液进行120～200r/min的匀速搅拌。
8.如权利要求1所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，在冻干步骤中，所述浓缩为25～35℃条件下真空低温浓缩，所述冷冻干燥的温度为-20～-40℃，所述冷冻干燥的真空度为500～1500millitorr。
9.如权利要求8所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，在冻干步骤中，所述复合益生菌粉的水分含量为12％～16％。
10.一种复合益生菌胶囊，其特征在于，所述复合益生菌胶囊由权利要求1-9任一项所述的复合益生菌胶囊的制备方法制备得到。
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