CN108887686A - 一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及保健食品技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法。杜仲和葛根提取物的干燥粉末与莱菔子和山楂混合进行粉碎,然后用热水进行加热回流提取,过滤后,残渣继续按之前方法提取,合并提取液减压浓缩后真空干燥得到山楂和莱菔子的混合提取物的干燥粉末。最后按照配方比例将杜仲提取物、葛根提取物和山楂和莱菔子的混合提取物一起进行混合即得改善高血压功能的提取物。本发明将四味药材的不同特性进行提取,得到改善高血压功能的提取物能明显降低高血压,且能维持降低后的血压。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法。
背景技术
目前,全世界高血压患者已经超过10亿,血压80/130即为高血压,全球被界定为高血压的人数剧增。其中,发达国家高血压患者超过3亿,而发展中国家更是超过7亿,每年,全球与高血压疾病相关的死亡人数大概有一千多万。因此,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,高血压都严重威胁着人们的健康。我国的高血压现状同样不容乐观,全国有高血压患者超过3亿,常见于40岁至50岁人群,近年来有年轻化趋势,甚至20多岁的年轻人都患有高血压。高血压是一种长期困扰人们的慢性疾病,一般都是通过服用药物来控制,长期用药带来的肝肾毒性也已经严重威胁人体健康。高血压患者对血压治疗方案提出了更高的需求,尤其是高血压初期患者,不想过早的服用药物,但是又担心不服用药物的话会导致血压的进一步升高。如若高血压初期通过注意合理饮食,再辅以降压安全温和的中药保健对血压进行控制,那将对高血压初期患者带来最合理的控制血压方案。
发明内容
本发明为了克服传统高血压药物长期服用容易带来肝肾毒性,威胁健康的问题,提供了一种根据不同药材特性而制定不同的提取工艺,最大限度的提取出活性成分的、工艺操作简单,稳定可控的具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,采用该方法制备的提取物整体配方作用温和,具有明显的降低高血压功效,并且能维持降低后的血压的具有改善高血压功能,具有传统中医药多靶点、多通路调节慢性病的优势。
本发明还提供了一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物在食品、保健品和药品中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将杜仲粉碎,用乙醇溶液进行加热回流提取,过滤后,减压回收乙醇,真空干燥,得杜仲提取物干燥粉末;
(2)将葛根粉碎,用乙醇溶液进行加热回流提取,过滤后,减压回收乙醇,真空干燥,得葛根提取物干燥粉末;
(3)将莱菔子和山楂混合后进行粉碎,然后用热水进行加热回流提取,过滤后,减压浓缩后,真空干燥,得山楂/莱菔子混合提取物干燥粉末;
(4)按照配方比例将杜仲提取物干燥粉末、葛根提取物干燥粉末和山楂/莱菔子混合提取物干燥粉末一起进行混合,即得具有改善高血压功能的提取物。
杜仲具有清除体内垃圾,加强人体细胞物质代谢,防止肌肉骨骼老化,平衡人体血压,分解体内胆固醇,降低体内脂肪,恢复血管弹性,利尿清热,广谱抗菌,兴奋中枢神经,提高白血球药理作用。
葛根中葛根素具有明显的降压作用,研究表明其降压机制与抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统和降低儿茶酚胺含量有关。此外,葛根还具有保护脑神经、抗氧化、防止肝肾损伤,改善代谢与免疫等药理作用。
山楂和莱菔子同为消食药材,山楂擅长消食化积,行气散瘀功效;莱菔子擅长行气,对山楂的行气散瘀之功形成相辅相成,加强了行气之功,更有利于散瘀,因此也更加有利于心血管疾病。现代药理研究表明山楂富含黄酮和三萜酸类成分,具有降脂降压,此外还有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌和利尿等作用。莱菔子含有生物碱、异硫氰酸盐、硫代葡萄糖苷等物质,具有平喘、镇咳、祛痰、抗氧化、降血压、降血脂、抗菌、增强胃肠道动力、改善泌尿系统等多种药理作用。
山楂和莱菔子一起粉碎主要是因为两者的提取工艺相同,提取对原料颗粒大小要求也基本一致,为了使工艺简单,所以两者一起粉碎提取。
作为优选,按生药材计,所述杜仲,葛根,山楂和莱菔子的质量比为1:(0.5~5):(0.5~5):1。
高血压是一种致病机制复杂,多因素共同治病的代谢性障碍病。杜仲改善高血压的主要机制为抑制AngⅡ活性,其次维持NO-ET水平的平衡,抑制Ca2+内流的活性等。
葛根降压机制主要通过上调eNOS和下调ET-1的表达,降低SHR的血压;通过激活肾素一血管紧张素一醛固酮系统(RAAS)和花生四烯酸羟化代谢途径,拮抗降压作用。杜仲和葛根在降压机制上作用侧重点不同,可以起到相辅相成的作用,另外,根据现代人饮食发现,高血压患者往往伴随着高血脂,高血脂是诱发高血压最重要因素之一,因此本方再配以降血脂药材山楂、莱菔子,全方配伍可以达到标本兼治的效果。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,过滤后,将杜仲残渣按照前述方法继续提取1~4次,合并提取液,减压回收乙醇,真空干燥,得杜仲提取物干燥粉末;
步骤(2)中,过滤后,将葛根残渣按照前述方法继续提取1~4次,合并提取液,减压回收乙醇,真空干燥,得葛根提取物干燥粉末;
步骤(3)中,过滤后,将山楂/莱菔子残渣按照前述方法继续提取1~4次,合并提取液,减压浓缩后,真空干燥,得山楂/莱菔子混合提取物干燥粉末。
作为优选,步骤(1)中杜仲粉碎的目数、步骤(2)中葛根粉碎的目数和步骤(3)中莱菔子和山楂混合粉碎的数目均控制在10~60目。
作为优选,步骤(1)(2)和(3)中,提取时间为1~5h。
作为优选,步骤(1)和(2)中,所述乙醇溶液的体积浓度为40~100%,所述乙醇溶液的加入量是待提取物的5~30倍。
作为优选,步骤(3),热水的加入量是待提取莱菔子和山楂混合物的5~30倍。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)根据不同药材特性而制定不同的提取工艺,最大限度的提取出活性成分的、工艺操作简单,稳定可控;
(2)整体配方作用温和,具有明显的降低高血压功效,并且能维持降低后的血压的具有改善高血压功能,具有传统中医药多靶点、多通路调节慢性病的优势。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
实施例1
(1)杜仲和葛根分别先粉碎过30目筛,再分别用5倍的体积浓度分别为85%、75%的乙醇溶液进行加热回流提取3h,过滤后,残渣继续按之前方法提取2次,合并提取液并减压回收乙醇,真空干燥得到杜仲提取物和葛根提取物的干燥粉末;
(2)将莱菔子和山楂混合进行粉碎,然后用15倍的热水进行加热回流提取2h,过滤后,残渣继续按之前方法提取2次,合并提取液减压浓缩后真空干燥得到山楂和莱菔子的混合提取物的干燥粉末;
(3)按照配方生药材比例1:0.5:0.5:1将杜仲提取物、葛根提取物和山楂和莱菔子的混合提取物一起进行混合,即得具有改善高血压功能的提取物。
实施例2
(1)杜仲和葛根分别先粉碎过60目筛,再分别用30倍的体积浓度分别为90%、85%的乙醇溶液进行加热回流提取3h,过滤后,残渣继续按之前方法提取3次,合并提取液并减压回收乙醇,真空干燥得到杜仲提取物和葛根提取物的干燥粉末;
(2)莱菔子和山楂混合进行粉碎,然后用30倍的热水进行加热回流提取3h,过滤后,残渣继续按之前方法提取3次,合并提取液减压浓缩后真空干燥得到山楂和莱菔子的混合提取物的干燥粉末;
(3)按照配方生药材比例1:1:1:1将杜仲提取物、葛根提取物和山楂和莱菔子的混合提取物一起进行混合,即得具有改善高血压功能的提取物。
实施例3
(1)杜仲和葛根分别先粉碎过10目筛,再分别用20倍的体积浓度分别为40%、100%的乙醇溶液进行加热回流提取3h,过滤后,残渣继续按之前方法提取4次,合并提取液并减压回收乙醇,真空干燥得到杜仲提取物和葛根提取物的干燥粉末;
(2)莱菔子和山楂混合进行粉碎,然后用5倍的热水进行加热回流提取2h,过滤后,残渣继续按之前方法提取4次,合并提取液减压浓缩后真空干燥得到山楂和莱菔子的混合提取物的干燥粉末;
(3)按照配方生药材比例1:5:5:1将杜仲提取物、葛根提取物和山楂和莱菔子的混合提取物一起进行混合,即得具有改善高血压功能的提取物。
将实施例1-3制得的具有改善高血压功能的提取物通过2003版保健食品辅助降血压功能动物实验检测,结果见表1。
购买32只SHR清洁大鼠并适应性喂养一周后开始实验。测定血压前将大鼠放入(37±1)℃保温筒内预热,用尾动脉测压法测定大鼠的收缩压。给药前3天,利用无创动物血压分析系统测量SHR大鼠血压,作为给药前数据。根据血压基础值将32只SHR大鼠随机分成模型对照组、阳性对照组、低剂量组、高倍剂量组。高剂量为3.34g/kg(大鼠体重),低剂量为1.67g/kg(大鼠体重),所有组均采用灌胃给药,给药容量为0.005mL/g。分别于药前及给药后4天、8天、16天、20天、24天、28天,每次测量均在当天给药之前,测量大鼠安静清醒状态下的尾动脉收缩压(SBP)。每只连续测量10次,间隔30秒,剔除离群值,取剩下值的平均值为当次所测血压值。大鼠给药45天后,麻醉大鼠后腹主动脉取血5mL置10mL的离心管中,待血清析出,按4000r/min离心10分钟,取上层血清,用于ALD、RENIN、ET-1的检测。测定采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA)检测,操作步骤均严格按试剂盒说明书进行。
表1.检测结果
组别 | 给药前 | 4天 | 8天 | 12天 | 16天 | 20天 | 24天 | 28天 |
高剂量组 | 182.1±8.2 | 173.0±10.5 | 177.5±9.1* | 172.7±9.3** | 171.9±3.8* | 173.0±5.7** | 174.4±12.6* | 175.1±6.1* |
低剂量组 | 181.9±7.2 | 172.1±10.1 | 175.2±11.8* | 171.0±8.0** | 170.9±9.7* | 177.2±14.3 | 175.3±12.1* | 180.7±10.1 |
模型组 | 180.4±8.6 | 183.1±11.0 | 186.0±5.5 | 184.8±4.9 | 183.5±7.2 | 184.3±5.2 | 190.7±7.9 | 187.5±12.2 |
阳性组 | 181.3±5.8 | 167.3±11.5* | 165.4±10.1** | 161.7±7.3** | 159.3±12.7** | 161.8±7.3** | 163.4±8.3** | 170.7±7.7** |
模型对照组相比:*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
计量资料数据采用均数和标准差做两个独立样本的t检验。统计结果显示,与模型对照组相比,高剂量组在给药第8天、16天、24天、28天具有显著性差异,能使大鼠收缩压降低(P<0.05),在给药第12天、20天具有极显著性差异,能使大鼠收缩压降低(P<0.01);低剂量组在给药第8天、16天第24天具有显著性差异,能使大鼠收缩压降低(P<0.05),在给药第12天,具有极显著性差异,能使大鼠收缩压降低(P<0.01),说明本发明具有改善高血压功能的提取物具有很好的降血压功效,并维持降低后的血压。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将杜仲粉碎,用乙醇溶液进行加热回流提取,过滤后,减压回收乙醇,真空干燥,得杜仲提取物干燥粉末;
(2)将葛根粉碎,用乙醇溶液进行加热回流提取,过滤后,减压回收乙醇,真空干燥,得葛根提取物干燥粉末;
(3)将莱菔子和山楂混合后进行粉碎,然后用热水进行加热回流提取,过滤后,减压浓缩后,真空干燥,得山楂/莱菔子混合提取物干燥粉末;
(4)按照配方比例将杜仲提取物干燥粉末、葛根提取物干燥粉末和山楂/莱菔子混合提取物干燥粉末一起进行混合,即得具有改善高血压功能的提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,按生药材计,所述杜仲,葛根,山楂和莱菔子的质量比为1:(0.5~5):(0.5~5):1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤(1)中,过滤后,将杜仲残渣按照前述方法继续提取1~4次,合并提取液,减压回收乙醇,真空干燥,得杜仲提取物干燥粉末;
步骤(2)中,过滤后,将葛根残渣按照前述方法继续提取1~4次,合并提取液,减压回收乙醇,真空干燥,得葛根提取物干燥粉末;
步骤(3)中,过滤后,将山楂/莱菔子残渣按照前述方法继续提取1~4次,合并提取液,减压浓缩后,真空干燥,得山楂/莱菔子混合提取物干燥粉末。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中杜仲粉碎的目数、步骤(2)中葛根粉碎的目数和步骤(3)中莱菔子和山楂混合粉碎的数目均控制在10~60目。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)(2)和(3)中,提取时间为1~5h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)和(2)中,所述乙醇溶液的体积浓度为40~100%,所述乙醇溶液的加入量是待提取物的5~30倍。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有改善高血压功能的提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3),热水的加入量是待提取莱菔子和山楂混合物的5~30倍。
8.一种如权利要求1或2或3或4或6或7所述的制备方法制得的具有改善高血压功能的提取物在食品、保健品和药品中的应用。
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