CN108887495B

CN108887495B - Antibiotic-free fattening sheep feed containing natural extracted components without pungent smell and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN108887495B
Application number: CN201810867503.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙建国
Original assignee: Jilin Qiankelai Technology Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Jilin Qiankelai Technology Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-08-02
Filing date: 2018-08-02
Publication date: 2021-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-02
Also published as: CN108887495A

Abstract

The invention relates to a nonreactive fattening sheep feed containing natural extracted components without pungent smell and preparation thereof, which consists of a compound extracted from antibacterial and immunity-enhancing active components subjected to composite treatment, a fermented product of medicinal material residues after enzymolysis, and a mixed feed consisting of a fermented feed subjected to curing treatment and raw materials; the preparation method comprises the steps of extracting antibacterial and immune enhancing components, compounding, fermenting and mixing feed, granulating and the like; the antibiotic-free feed component is prepared aiming at the digestion characteristics of the fattening sheep, can obviously improve the disease resistance of the fattening sheep and the feed conversion efficiency, and obviously improves the fattening effect and the comprehensive economic benefit.

Description

Antibiotic-free fattening sheep feed containing natural extracted components without pungent smell and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of sheep feed in a fattening period and preparation thereof, in particular to fattening feed which is prepared by comprehensively processing and utilizing natural Chinese herbal medicines and is not added with antibiotics and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, in order to overcome the problem of abuse of antibiotics in modern animal husbandry, more and more feeds adopt Chinese herbal medicines as feed additives. Although a large number of researches show that some Chinese herbal medicines have the effects of resisting bacteria, enhancing the immune function of animals and the like, no matter the Chinese herbal medicines are directly used as feed additives or used as additives after extracting effective components, the compounded Chinese herbal medicines have the problems of complex components, low content of the effective components, poor palatability, toxic and side effects caused by large dosage, high cost and the like, so that the Chinese herbal medicines are difficult to be applied in actual breeding on a large scale as the feed additives. Especially for ruminants such as cattle and sheep, the stomach consists of rumen, reticulum and the like, and the direct feeding of Chinese herbal medicines or effective components, especially antibacterial components, can kill or inhibit a large number of microorganisms in the rumen, while rumen microorganisms can help the ruminants to digest cellulose and the like, so the feeding of Chinese herbal medicines can easily cause the animals to have digestive disorder, and the actual effect is not as expected. Moreover, the prior art lacks a traditional Chinese medicine herb extract preparation developed aiming at the digestion characteristics of sheep so as to effectively avoid the disintegration or absorption of a large amount of medicine extract components before entering abomasum.

In addition, the prior art also relates to the use of fermented Chinese herbs or Chinese herb residues as feed additives. The Chinese medicine dregs still contain a large amount of crude fibers, proteins, crude fat, various trace elements and other nutrient elements and also contain various medicinal components after being extracted. The fermented Chinese herbal medicine or the dregs can release the effective components and active substances in the Chinese herbal medicine to the maximum extent, generate various secondary metabolites, convert macromolecular substances which are difficult to digest and absorb by animals into micromolecular substances which are easy to absorb, and also can generate various different enzymes, thereby promoting the growth and development of the animals, shortening the feeding period, improving the feed conversion rate, enhancing the drug effect, reducing the feeding cost and the like. However, the problem of reduced palatability due to pungent odor when used in feed has not yet been overcome by simple fermentation.

A large amount of Chinese herbal medicine feed is reported in the prior art, for example, patent CN 1757306 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of common andrographis herb extract, 40-50 parts of ginseng residue micro powder and 20-30 parts of dried orange peel micro powder. CN106360007 relates to a traditional Chinese medicine pig feed additive capable of replacing antibiotics and a preparation method thereof. A traditional Chinese medicine feed additive capable of replacing antibiotics for pigs is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6-18 parts of Chinese ilex leaves, 3-9 parts of loofah sponge, 5-9 parts of dandelion, 8-20 parts of fig, 3-10 parts of eggplant leaves, 3-10 parts of lotus petiole, 6-18 parts of leek seeds, 2-7 parts of sticktight, 3-7 parts of ginkgo leaves, 5-9 parts of angelica dahurica, 310 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis, 5-10 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 3-6 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, 3-9 parts of semen cuscutae, 6-18 parts of fennel seeds, 0.5-1 part of compound vitamin and 5-10 parts of carrier.

CN106720936 provides a fermentation type feed additive containing dalbergia wood leaf components, and a preparation method and application thereof. The raw materials of the provided fermentation type feed additive containing the dalbergia wood leaf component comprise Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, water and a compound leaven; the provided fermentation type feed additive containing the dalbergia wood leaf component has the advantages of sufficient raw material source, low price and low cost; is provided with

The digestion and absorption capacity of poultry is effectively improved, the feed conversion ratio is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the cultivation value is improved; meanwhile, the immunity of the poultry can be improved, the morbidity of the poultry is obviously reduced, the use of medicines such as antibiotics is reduced, and the food safety is facilitated. The preparation method of the fermentation type feed additive containing the dalbergia wood leaf component utilizes a biological fermentation technology to ferment Chinese herbal medicines, can exert the advantages of less quantity, high efficiency and safety in animal production, develop the pollution-free animal husbandry, produce green animal products and enhance the international market competitiveness of the animal products in China.

CN108185188 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine feed for improving immunity of piglets, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of bran, 10-20 parts of grape vinasse, 10-15 parts of chlorella powder, 5-10 parts of alfalfa, 1-3 parts of composite trace elements and 10-15 parts of Chinese herbal medicine mixed powder; the Chinese herbal medicine mixed powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of setaria sinica, 10-15 parts of dark plum fruit, 10-15 parts of scorched hawthorn fruit, 5-10 parts of phoenix tree seed, 5-10 parts of green tangerine peel and 3-5 parts of katsumade galangal seed. Also provides a preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine feed for improving the immunity of piglets. The feed contains abundant nutrient substances, can meet the nutritional requirement of piglet growth, improve intestinal function, and has effects of improving intestinal function

Has remarkable antibacterial and antiviral effects, can remarkably improve the immunity of piglets, and effectively prevent the diarrhea phenomenon of the piglets after weaning.

CN07373086 provides a health-care feed additive produced by utilizing traditional Chinese medicine residues and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of feeds. A health-care feed additive produced by utilizing traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight: 110-150 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 15-25 parts of plant powder, 8-18 parts of first strains and 0.5-2 parts of second strains. Wherein, the first

One strain includes Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis. The second strain comprises Bacillus natto and Acetobacter. The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the steps of mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residues and the plant powder with water, and fermenting by a first strain. Then the fermented product is obtained by the fermentation of a second strain after being cooked. The health feed additive can be used in feed for livestock and poultry, has good health promotion effect for animals, and can increase animal nutrition and improve animal immunity. In addition, the preparation method of the feed additive is simple, the production period is short, and the feed additive is suitable for industrial large-scale production.

CN105124167 discloses an anti-stress traditional Chinese medicine feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof. The composition mainly comprises radix Codonopsis, semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Poria, cortex Magnolia officinalis, cortex Fraxini, Notoginseng radix, fructus crataegi, herba Andrographitis, Coptidis rhizoma, radix Paeoniae Rubra, radix rehmanniae Preparata, radix et rhizoma Rhei, Glycyrrhrizae radix, etc. The raw materials are dried, crushed, sieved and mixed uniformly by adopting traditional Chinese medicine production equipment, and the prepared traditional Chinese medicine preparation is added into basic ration of a healthy small Meishan pig with the age of 60 days, is mixed uniformly and is fed, and free feeding and drinking are realized. Experiments prove that the formula can obviously improve the concentration of total protein and albumin in pig serum and can obviously improve the content of immunoglobulin IgG and the content of complement C3 in the pig serum; the antibody level of the swine fever after immunization is obviously improved; increase the pig spleen index. The feed additive overcomes a plurality of defects of various chemical drugs and antibiotic feed additives, has no toxic or side effect and drug residue, improves the immune function of the organism and ensures the production of green and high-quality animal products.

As described above, although the prior art provides a Chinese herbal feed that can improve animal immunity and reduce morbidity and mortality, the feed palatability is reduced, causing new digestive problems for ruminants; in addition, the used traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are more, even rare traditional Chinese medicine materials are contained, the cost is extremely high, and the application value is low. China is a big country for captive breeding mutton sheep, and a large number of rare Chinese medicinal materials are uneconomical and unrealistic to use in feed, so that the selection of common Chinese medicinal materials with low sources and feed functions as main medicinal material components is one of the problems to be solved urgently.

One of the hot spots in the research of ruminant feed in recent years is a total mixed ration mainly prepared from forage grass, namely, a mixed pellet feed for herbivorous animals prepared by adding nutritional ingredients according to a nutritional standard formula. However, the prior art still does not disclose a mixed ration containing Chinese herbal medicines which can significantly improve the palatability of herbivorous animal feed, especially antibiotic-free feed which does not affect the relative stability of the environment in the rumen and the normal metabolism of rumen microorganisms.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the nonreactive feed containing the natural medicinal material extract components without pungent smell and suitable for mutton sheep, particularly at the fattening stage of the mutton sheep, and the preparation process thereof.

The invention aims to overcome the coarsening and simplification of the extraction of Chinese herbal medicines in the prior art, provides an all-round utilization process and a product for comprehensive extraction and advanced treatment of composite medicines without antibiotic feed, and further provides a treatment method suitable for feed on the basis of improving the release rate of effective components of medicines such as antibiotic, immune enhancement and the like

And the proportion of the use amount of each component is redistributed; the other main purpose is to provide a full mixed refined grain which contains the corresponding components of the medicinal materials and reasonably matches forage grass and fermented materials according to the nutritional standard of fattening sheep.

Specifically, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a nonreactive feed containing natural extract components without pungent odor for fattening sheep, which comprises an antibacterial and immunity-enhancing active component extract compound subjected to compound treatment, a fermented product of medicinal material residues after enzymolysis, and a mixed feed consisting of a fermented feed subjected to curing treatment and raw materials; wherein the effective components are extracted from medicinal material groups consisting of basic components containing dandelion, origanum vulgare, astragalus, codonopsis pilosula and fructus forsythiae and optional components.

The antibacterial active component extraction compound is obtained by further wrapping and processing concentrated extract after lipid compounding, and the extract is obtained by carrying out water extraction and gradient alcohol extraction on the medicinal materials.

Wherein the compound extracted from the immune enhancing effective components is extracted from medicinal material residues by enzymolysis

The product is obtained by coating treatment of auxiliary materials.

Wherein the fermented feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 50-60 parts of corn flour, 30-40 parts of alfalfa and 20-30 parts of peanut leaves. The raw materials and the proportion of the feed raw material are as follows: 50 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of bran, 15-20 parts of defatted soybean meal, 10-15 parts of defatted peanut cake, 30-40 parts of alfalfa, 15-25 parts of corn straw or bagasse, 2-3 parts of fish meal or bone meal, and 0.5 part of salt and calcium hydrophosphate respectively.

The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-2 parts of medicinal material extract/lipid-chitosan coating compound, 1-3 parts of immune enhancing component compound, 1-5 parts of medicinal material residue fermentation material and 200 parts of feed mixture containing cured fermentation feed and raw material. In the invention, the basic components and the optional components of the medicinal materials are respectively calculated according to parts by weight: basic components: 30-50 parts of dandelion, 10-20 parts of origanum vulgaris, 10-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10-15 parts of codonopsis pilosula and 15-20 parts of fructus forsythiae; optional components: 10-15 parts of ginkgo leaf, 5-10 parts of honeysuckle, 15-25 parts of spina date seed and 40-80 parts of medlar (at least one optional component is selected).

Preferably, the feed is low-water-content granules obtained by processing through a feed granulator

A type feed.

In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the antibiotic-free feed, comprising the steps of:

(S1) extracting antibacterial effective components from the mixed medicinal materials and processing the antibacterial effective components to obtain a compound;

(S2) extracting immune enhancing nutrient components from the medicine residues after enzymolysis treatment, and coating and compounding the immune enhancing nutrient components;

(S3) fermenting the medicinal material residues;

(S4) preparing feed raw materials to be fermented and fermenting;

(S5) preparing a raw feed material and mixing with the fermented feed;

(S6) compounding the components in proportion to obtain the complete mixed feed, adjusting the water content and granulating.

Specifically, the method of the present invention comprises the following steps.

Step (S1):

a. extracting antibacterial active ingredients from natural medicinal materials:

the raw material for extraction is composed of the following basic components and at least one optional component in parts by weight: basic components: 30-50 parts of dandelion, 10-20 parts of origanum vulgaris, 10-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10-15 parts of codonopsis pilosula and 15-20 parts of fructus forsythiae; optional components: 10-15 parts of ginkgo leaf, 5-10 parts of honeysuckle, 15-25 parts of spina date seed and 40-80 parts of medlar.

(1) The effective components are extracted by a gradient extraction method, and the specific extraction steps are as follows:

mixing the medicinal materials subjected to dust removal and impurity removal in proportion, crushing the mixture into 20-50 meshes by using a crusher, placing the mixture into an extraction container, adding distilled water according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1g to 10-12mL, heating the mixture to the extraction temperature of 70-85 ℃, soaking the mixture for 2-4 hours, and extracting the mixture for 2-3 times by using an ultrasonic extraction method, wherein the ultrasonic extraction is performed for 20-30min each time, and the ultrasonic power is 150-; filtering the solution extracted each time, combining the filtrates to obtain a filtrate I, concentrating under vacuum at 30-50 ℃, and putting the filter residue into an extraction container again;

(2) 1g of the following components in percentage by mass and volume: adding 7-10mL of ethanol solution with volume fraction of 60-70% (v/v), extracting for 2-3h at 60-70 ℃ by an alcohol extraction method, filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain filtrate II, and concentrating under reduced pressure in vacuum;

(3) placing filter residues in a reflux extraction device, and mixing the filter residues according to the mass-volume ratio of 1g: adding 5-6mL of ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 95%, standing for 1-2h, performing ultrasonic reflux extraction for 2-3 times at the extraction temperature of 40-50 ℃, wherein the extraction time is 20-30min each time, the ultrasonic power is 200-;

(4) mixing the concentrated filtrates obtained in the above steps to obtain a mixed filtrate, further concentrating, adding 3-5 times volume of 90-95% ethanol for dilution, and concentrating at 40-45 deg.C by rotary evaporator to obtain fluid extract (for example, 1mL concentrated extract prepared from 1g raw medicinal material) with the same or similar weight as the raw medicinal material.

Alternatively, the extract may be subjected to vacuum freeze-drying and then pulverized to 120-180 mesh by a pulverizer, thereby obtaining a solid extract. The vacuum freeze-drying parameters are as follows: freezing to the temperature of minus (40-50) DEG C, vacuumizing, and drying for 24-48 h.

b. Compound treatment of medicinal material extract and preparation

(1) Preparing extract-lipid complex (extract: soybean phospholipid (w/w) ═ 1:5-6), mixing the above extract concentrated solution with soybean phospholipid at a weight ratio of 1:5-6, adding 95% ethanol 3-6 times the weight of the mixture, slowly stirring and compounding at 40-50 deg.C for 0.5-1 hr, rotary evaporating to remove solvent, vacuum drying at 20-30 deg.C to obtain extract-lipid complex, and pulverizing.

(2) Dissolving the chitosan with medium and low viscosity (less than 800 cP) in an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1-2% to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 2-5wt%, then adding Tween-80 into the solution to the concentration of 2wt%, adding ethyl cellulose to the concentration of 2-3wt%, and uniformly mixing to obtain the chitosan solution.

(3) Mixing the medicinal material extract-lipid complex powder with appropriate amount of chitosan solution under stirring, stirring to obtain soft material, granulating in granulating equipment, and drying to obtain chitosan-coated medicinal material extract/phospholipid complex.

Step (S2): extraction and coating compounding of immune enhancing component

(1) Drying the medicinal material residue after extracting the effective components, washing with water for 2-3 times to remove residual alcohol solvent, then mixing with appropriate amount of complex enzyme dry powder preparation, adding 5-6 times of distilled water by mass for enzymolysis; the compound enzyme consists of amylase, compound protease and cellulase, wherein the content of the cellulase in the mixed material is 50-100U/g (based on the dry weight of the residue of the medicinal materials), the content of the amylase is 15-25U/g, and the content of the compound protease is 20-30U/g.

(2) Firstly, carrying out enzymolysis for 3-4h at 50-55 ℃ and pH 5, and then carrying out enzymolysis for 2-3h at 60-65 ℃ and pH 7.0; heating in boiling water bath for 10-15min to inactivate enzyme, filtering, concentrating filtrate, and freeze drying to obtain composite component powder containing small molecular polypeptide, amino acids, polysaccharide, etc. which is easy to digest and absorb and beneficial for enhancing immunity.

(3) Preferably, the immune enhancing component is added with at least one of compound vitamin and amino acid chelated calcium and amino acid chelated ferrous iron, and the addition amounts are respectively 0.5-1% and 1-2 wt%.

The compound vitamin contains at least two of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6.

(4) Mixing 40-60wt% of the composite component powder with 10wt% of stearic acid, 20-40wt% of carbopol gel auxiliary material, 5wt% of methyl cellulose and 5wt% of talcum powder uniformly, heating and stirring until the materials are molten, continuously stirring, granulating to obtain granules with the size of 8-10 meshes, cooling, and mixing and compounding with 1-2 times of the mass of the bee pollen granular preparation.

Wherein the bee pollen preparation is granule prepared from pollen of any honey source, and has a size of 10-20 meshes; preferably, the bee pollen is selected from corn pollen.

Step (S3): fermenting medicinal material residue

(1) Adjusting the water content of the medicinal material residue subjected to the effective component extraction and enzymolysis treatment to 50-55% by weight, adding 4-5wt% of sucrose solution with the mass concentration of 50%, 5wt% of corn flour, 0.1-0.2wt% of ammonium sulfate and 0.1-0.15wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out high-pressure sterilization at 121 ℃ for 20-30min to obtain a sterile medicinal material residue fermentation raw material;

(2) putting the materials into a fermentation tank, respectively inoculating saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid with viable count of 5 multiplied by 109CFU/L and lactobacillus bacterial liquid with viable count of 5 multiplied by 1010CFU/L according to the proportion of 5ml to 100g of the materials, uniformly mixing, sealing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35 +/-2 ℃, and controlling the fermentation period to be 5-7 days; drying the fermented material at 60 deg.C under normal pressure to water content of about 5% to obtain the residue fermented material.

Step (S4): fermentation of feed

(1) The following materials were dried and crushed to 50 mesh: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 50-60 parts of corn flour, 30-40 parts of alfalfa and 20-30 parts of peanut leaves are mixed to obtain a crude mixed material to be fermented; then mixing with glucose 1-2wt%, ammonium sulfate 0.1-0.2wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.15wt%, and magnesium sulfate 0.05-0.1wt%, adding water to adjust water content to 50-60%, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20-30 min;

(2) placing the sterilized materials into a fermentation barrel, inoculating a compound bacterial liquid consisting of (2-3) multiplied by 109CFU/L saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1 multiplied by 109CFU/L bacillus subtilis and 5 multiplied by 1010CFU/L lactobacillus acidophilus according to the proportion of 10-15ml to 100g of materials, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37-40 ℃, fermenting for one week, and ventilating and stirring once every three days before fermentation; after fermentation

The materials are cured to 30-35% in feed curing equipment, and then dried under the conditions of normal pressure and 50 ℃ until the water content is below 5%, so that the cured and fermented feed is obtained.

Step (S5): preparing raw feed, and mixing with the fermented feed:

(1) preparing raw materials of the feed: taking 50 parts of dried corn, 20-30 parts of bran, 15-20 parts of defatted soybean meal, 10-15 parts of defatted peanut cake, 30-40 parts of alfalfa, 15-25 parts of corn straw or bagasse, 2-3 parts of fish meal or bone meal, 0.5 part of salt and calcium hydrophosphate respectively, mixing and crushing the components, sieving the mixture by a 16-20-mesh sieve, and sterilizing the mixture at high temperature to obtain a raw material mixture with a formula different from that of fermented feed.

(2) And mixing the aged fermented feed prepared in the step with a feed raw material mixture according to the weight ratio of 1:1-3 to obtain a feed mixture.

Preferably, the fermented feed is mixed with the feed raw materials in a weight ratio of 1:1-2 to obtain a feed mixture.

Step (S6): the components are compounded according to the proportion to obtain the fully mixed feed, and the water content is adjusted for granulation, which is as follows.

(1) According to the parts by weight, 0.5-2 parts of the medicinal material extract-chitosan coating compound prepared in the steps, 1-3 parts of the immune enhancing component compound, 1-5 parts of the medicinal material residue fermentation material and 200 parts of a feed mixture containing cured and fermented feed and raw materials are fully mixed in a mixer until the mixture is uniform;

(2) adding water into the mixed material until the water content is 20-30%, uniformly stirring, granulating in a feed granule granulating device, and drying to obtain the granulated feed with the length of 0.5-3 cm.

Furthermore, the antibiotic-free pellet feed can be used as a complete feed for cattle and sheep in the fattening period, and can also be used as an additive feed by being matched with forage or other coarse feeds; the addition amount ratio is not less than 15% by weight, preferably not less than 30% by weight.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

(1) the antibiotic-free feed for fattening sheep, which can replace antibiotics, adopts irritability

The weak common medicinal materials are used as main components, so that the cost is low; the medicinal materials are subjected to a series of deep processing treatments, the immune enhancing components and the antibacterial components of the medicinal materials are separated, extracted and redistributed and combined, the antibacterial activity is obviously enhanced, the digestibility of the effective components of the medicinal materials is improved, the disease resistance and the immunity of sheep are obviously promoted, the use of antibiotics is greatly reduced or even can be completely replaced, a plurality of problems of antibiotic resistance, medicine residue, excessive use and the like which are puzzling the animal husbandry are effectively solved, and the quality of mutton is improved.

(2) Aiming at the characteristics of sheep in the fattening period, the protein component and the fiber component in the feed are reasonably matched, the high protein component and the fibrous material rich in leaf protein are matched, the crude protein content is improved, various essential amino acids, polysaccharides and other components contained in medicine dregs are released, the digestibility and the conversion rate of the feed are improved, and the color quality and the commodity value of mutton are increased; by fermenting and curing the high-protein component and matching the high-fiber raw material, the palatability and the nutritional comprehensiveness of the feed are improved, the weight gain rate and the lean meat percentage are effectively improved, the problem of low absorption and digestion rate caused by the fact that the conventional feed contains high corn, bean pulp and other raw materials is avoided, the problem of insufficient protein of the conventional grass feed is also avoided when the conventional grass feed is used as a coarse feed additive, and the fattening period is obviously shortened.

(3) Although the dregs of a decoction are rich in nutritional ingredients such as protein, cellulose, crude fat, trace elements and the like and various unextracted medicinal components, the dregs of a decoction are generally directly used in feed or used as additives after simple fermentation in the prior art and are difficult to digest and absorb, so that the digestibility of the effective components cannot be improved, and the palatability of the feed is greatly reduced. Through triple extraction of effective components, enzymolysis of residues, deep fermentation of residues after enzymolysis and multiple coating treatment of extracted components, the problems that traditional Chinese medicine residues with strong pungent smell are directly utilized and the digestibility is low in the prior art are solved, protein is decomposed into small molecular polypeptide, cellulose, lignin and the like are degraded into monosaccharide or oligosaccharide, and then various organic acids, vitamins, mineral substances, beneficial growth factors and the like are released, the nutritional level of the feed additive is greatly improved, the digestion utilization rate of animals is increased, the palatability of the animals, the flavor of the feed and the like are remarkably improved, the disease resistance of sheep is improved, and the immunity of the sheep is also improved.

(4) The invention ferments and cures the feed components which are difficult to digest, so that partial protein contained in alfalfa and the like is decomposed into easily absorbed components such as polypeptide, amino acid and the like, the content of total amino acid and essential amino acid is improved, the absorption of sheep to nutrient substances in the fattening period is promoted by matching with trace elements, vitamins and the like, the feed metabolism energy and the feed conversion rate are improved, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

(5) The feed disclosed by the invention is wide in raw material source, simple and convenient in preparation method, low in water content of the granular feed, not easy to mildew and suitable for long-term storage; in addition, the feed is suitable for manual and automatic quantitative feeding, and is simple and convenient no matter being used as a concentrate for independent feeding or being used as a concentrate for a coarse additive.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific preparation examples and examples, but the use and purpose of these exemplary embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the actual scope of the present invention in any form, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein will make it easier to understand the context of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

The term "prepared from …" is used herein synonymously with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

Preparation example 1

Extracting effective components from medicinal materials

(1) 685g of medicinal raw materials are prepared according to the following parts by weight: 50 parts of dandelion, 20 parts of origanum vulgaris, 10 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 20 parts of fructus forsythiae, 15 parts of ginkgo leaves and 50 parts of medlar. Mixing the above materials with dust removed and impurity removed, pulverizing into 50 mesh with pulverizer, placing in extraction container, adding 7L distilled water, heating to 80 deg.C, soaking for 4 hr, and extracting by ultrasonic extraction for 2 times, each time for 30min with ultrasonic power of 200W; filtering the extractive solutions, mixing to obtain filtrate I, vacuum concentrating at 30 deg.C under reduced pressure to about 600ml, and placing the residue in extraction container.

(2) Adding 6L of ethanol solution with volume fraction of 60% into a container, extracting at 60 deg.C for 3h, filtering, collecting filtrate to obtain filtrate II, vacuum concentrating to 500ml, and recovering solvent; placing the filter residue in a reflux extraction device, adding 4.1L of 95% ethanol solution, standing for 1h, performing ultrasonic reflux extraction for 3 times at 50 deg.C for 30min each time with ultrasonic power of 260W, mixing filtrates to obtain filtrate III, vacuum concentrating under reduced pressure to 400ml, and recovering solvent.

(3) Mixing the concentrated filtrates obtained in the above steps to obtain 1.5L of combined filtrate, continuously concentrating to 500ml, adding 2L of ethanol with volume fraction of 90% for dilution, mixing uniformly, concentrating at 42 ℃ by adopting a rotary evaporator and recovering the solvent to obtain about 670ml of fluid extract.

Preparation example 2

Extract treatment and preparation

(1) Preparing extract-soybean phosphatide compound

Mixing the above extract concentrated solution with 3.8kg soybean phospholipid, adding 15kg 95% ethanol, slowly stirring at 50 deg.C for 1 hr, evaporating to recover solvent, vacuum drying at 20 deg.C to control water content within 8%, to obtain solid extract-lipid complex, and pulverizing.

(2) Dissolving chitosan with the viscosity of about 300cP in acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1.5% to prepare 3wt% of chitosan solution, then adding Tween 80 into the solution until the concentration is 2wt%, adding ethyl cellulose until the concentration is 3wt%, and uniformly mixing to obtain chitosan mixed solution; mixing the obtained medicinal material extract-lipid complex powder with chitosan solution under stirring, preparing soft material with gelatin solution as adhesive, granulating in granulating equipment, drying until water content is less than 10%, and obtaining chitosan-coated medicinal material extract/phospholipid complex of about 4.4 kg.

Preparation example 3

Immunopotentiating composition extraction and coating

(1) Drying the medicinal material residues after the effective components are extracted, washing the medicinal material residues for 2 times to remove residual ethanol, uniformly mixing the medicinal material residues with a proportional amount of a complex enzyme powder preparation, and then adding 5 times of distilled water by mass for enzymolysis; wherein the content of cellulase in the mixture of the compound enzyme powder preparation and the medicinal material residue is 80U/g (based on the dry weight of the medicinal material residue), the content of amylase is 20U/g, and the content of compound protease is 30U/g.

(2) Firstly, carrying out enzymolysis for 3h at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the pH value of 5 for the first time, and then continuing enzymolysis for 2h at the temperature of 65 ℃ and the pH value of 7.0; heating in boiling water bath for 15min to inactivate enzyme after two times of enzymolysis, filtering the enzymolysis solution, collecting and concentrating the filtrate, and freeze drying to obtain component powder containing small molecule polypeptide, amino acid, polysaccharide, etc. beneficial to enhancing immunity.

(3) Further, a compound vitamin consisting of vitamin A, E, D with the same amount, glycine chelated calcium and glycine chelated ferrous iron compound chelate are added into the immune enhancement component to obtain a compound component, wherein the adding amount of the compound vitamin and the compound chelate is respectively 0.6wt% and 2wt% of the immune enhancement component.

(4) Mixing 50wt% of the composite component powder with 10wt% of stearic acid, 30wt% of carbopol gel auxiliary material, 5wt% of methylcellulose and 5wt% of talcum powder uniformly to obtain a mixture, heating and stirring the mixture until the materials are molten, continuously stirring and granulating the mixture to obtain particles with the size of about 10 meshes, cooling the particles, and then mixing and compounding the particles with bee pollen particles with the mass of 1.5 times of the particles to obtain about 408g of the immune enhancing component compound.

Preparation example 4

Fermenting medicinal material residue

(1) Adjusting the water content of the medicinal material residue subjected to the effective component extraction and enzymolysis treatment to about 50%, adding 50% of sucrose solution to 5wt%, 5wt% of corn flour, 0.2wt% of ammonium sulfate and 0.1wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, uniformly mixing, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min to obtain the medicinal material residue fermentation raw material.

(2) Putting the materials into a fermentation tank, respectively inoculating saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid with viable count of 5 multiplied by 109CFU/L and lactobacillus bacterial liquid with viable count of 5 multiplied by 1010CFU/L according to the proportion of 5ml to 100g of the materials, uniformly mixing, sealing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35 +/-2 ℃, and controlling the fermentation period to be 6 days; drying the fermented material at 60 deg.C under normal pressure until the water content is not more than 5% to obtain 0.54kg of medicinal material residue fermented material.

Preparation example 5

Preparation of fermented feed

(1) Mixing the materials which are dried and crushed into 50 meshes according to the following weight portions: 30 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of alfalfa and 20 parts of peanut leaves to obtain about 26.5kg of a crude mixed material to be fermented; then mixing with 1.5wt% (based on the weight of the crude mixture, the same below) of glucose, 0.2wt% of ammonium sulfate, 0.15wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1wt% of magnesium sulfate, adding water to adjust the water content to 55%, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20-30 min;

(2) placing the sterilized materials into a fermentation barrel, inoculating 2.85L of compound bacterial liquid consisting of 3 × 109CFU/L saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1 × 109CFU/L bacillus subtilis and 5 × 1010CFU/L lactobacillus acidophilus, sealing and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃ for one week, wherein the materials are aerated and stirred once every 24 hours before three days of fermentation; the fermented material is aged to about 30 percent in feed curing equipment, and then dried under the conditions of normal pressure and 50 ℃ to ensure that the water content is about 4 percent, thus obtaining cured and fermented feed about 28 KG.

Preparation example 6

(1) Preparing raw materials of the feed: taking 50 parts of dried corn, 30 parts of bran, 20 parts of defatted soybean meal, 15 parts of defatted peanut cake, 30 parts of alfalfa, 20 parts of corn straw residue, 3 parts of fish meal, 0.5 part of salt and 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate respectively, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 16-mesh sieve, sterilizing at high temperature, and drying to obtain 60kg of a raw material mixture with a formula different from that of fermented feed.

(2) 20Kg of cured fermented feed prepared in the above steps is uniformly mixed with 40Kg of the raw feed mixture to obtain 60Kg of feed mixture.

Example 1

Taking 100g of the medicinal material extract/phospholipid compound prepared by the method of the corresponding preparation embodiment, 200g of the immune enhancing component compound, 500g of the medicinal material residue fermented material and 10kg of the feed mixture containing the cured fermented feed and the raw materials in the preparation embodiment 6 according to parts by weight, and fully and uniformly mixing in a stirrer to obtain about 10.8kg of a mixed material; adding water into the mixed material until the water content is about 20%, uniformly stirring, granulating in a feed granule granulating device to obtain a rectangular granular feed with the length of 1cm, drying, and storing.

Example 2

Taking 200g of the medicinal material extract/phospholipid compound prepared by the method of the preparation embodiment, 300g of the immune enhancing component compound, 400g of the medicinal material residue fermented material and 15kg of the feed mixture containing the cured fermented feed and the raw materials according to the parts by weight, and fully and uniformly mixing the materials in a stirrer to obtain about 15.9kg of mixed material; adding water into the mixed material until the water content is 25%, uniformly stirring, granulating in a feed granule granulating device to obtain a rectangular granular feed with the length of 1.5cm, drying, and storing.

Comparative example 1

A feed mixture containing only the fermented feed and raw meal described in example 1, the composition and proportions of which are referred to in preparation example 6, step (2).

Comparative example 2

A feed mixture containing only the raw materials described in example 1, the components and proportions thereof are referred to in preparation example 6, step (1).

Effect example 1

Bacteriostasis test

The test method comprises the following steps:

the medium was prepared as follows: 20g of peptone, 5g of yeast extract, 5g of sodium chloride, 15g of agar and 1000ml of water, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20 min; then cooling the culture medium, keeping the temperature in a water bath at 46 ℃, inoculating test strains (five groups including staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, vibrio harveyi and a blank control group), ensuring that the content of the inoculated strains is 1 multiplied by 106cfu/mL, and shaking up. The above-mentioned culture medium containing the bacteria was poured into a sterile petri dish for cooling and solidification, then a sterilized oxford cup was placed on the surface of the culture medium containing the bacteria (3 cups were placed on each plate), 100. mu.L (2 mg/mL) of the solution prepared from the antibacterial extract of preparation example 1 (the concentrated solution was dried and then prepared with distilled water) was pipetted, and the solution was added into the wells of the oxford cup while using methanol as a blank control. Finally, the average zone diameter was measured after placing the dish in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 16 hours, and the results are as follows.

Bacteriostatic effect

As can be seen from Table 1, the antibacterial extract has a certain inhibiting effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio harveyi, wherein the diameter of the inhibition zone of the extracts of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio harveyi is more than 20mm, and the inhibition sensitivity standard of common antibacterial drugs is achieved.

Effect example 2

Effect of feeding with feed

The test method comprises the following steps: 150 Shaanxi horse-headed goats of 4 months age with similar body weight are selected from a captive farm and randomly divided into three groups (half of male and female, castration of male sheep), wherein each group comprises 50 goats, namely a test group, a comparison group 1 and a comparison group 2 (corresponding to feeds of example 1, comparison example 1 and comparison example 2 respectively); the test period is 2 months (60 days), and the goats are uniformly subjected to epidemic prevention and parasite expelling before the test.

The feeding method comprises the following steps: each group was fed with 600g/900g of the pellet feed described in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 (600 g per day in the first month and 900g per day in the second month of the experiment) per day at a frequency of 2 times per day (six o 'clock earlier and five o' clock later); the dried beanstalk is taken freely and water is freely drunk. Other management such as salt supplementation and the like was performed according to a conventional method, and after completion of the feeding test, fasting was performed for 24 hours with free water, disease conditions such as diarrhea and digestive system disorders were recorded, and the total weight was weighed and the average body weight and average daily gain were calculated, and the results are as follows.

TABLE 2 feeding Effect

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control group, the goat growth speed of the test group is higher, the average daily gain is improved by 13.8% compared with that of the control group 1, and is improved by 55.6% compared with that of the control group 2, so that the feed digestibility of the test group is greatly improved, the feed conversion ratio parameter is remarkably improved, and the difference is remarkable (P is less than 0.05). Meanwhile, the health condition of a test group is obviously better than that of a control group, and the feed added with the compound of the extracted medicinal material components can obviously improve the disease resistance of organisms and the feed conversion efficiency under the condition of not adding antibiotics. The antibiotic-free feed has the effect of replacing antibiotics, and obviously improves the fattening effect and the comprehensive economic benefit.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nonreactive feed containing natural extract components without pungent odor for sheep in fattening period is characterized by comprising a mixed feed consisting of an antibacterial effective component extraction compound, an immunity-enhancing effective component extraction compound, a zymolysis-treated medicinal material residue ferment, a cured fermented feed and raw materials in proportion; wherein the effective components are extracted from a medicinal material group consisting of basic components containing dandelion, origanum vulgare, astragalus membranaceus, codonopsis pilosula and fructus forsythiae and at least one optional component; wherein the compound extracted from the antibacterial active components is a medicinal material extract/lipid-chitosan coated compound; the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-2 parts of antibacterial active component extraction compound, 1-3 parts of immune enhancement component extraction compound, 1-5 parts of medicinal material residue fermentation material and 200 parts of feed mixture containing cured fermentation feed and raw material;

the cured and fermented feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 50-60 parts of corn flour, 30-40 parts of alfalfa and 20-30 parts of peanut leaves; the raw materials of the feed are as follows: 50 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of bran, 15-20 parts of defatted soybean meal, 10-15 parts of defatted peanut cake, 30-40 parts of alfalfa, 15-25 parts of corn straw or bagasse, 2-3 parts of fish meal or bone meal, and 0.5 part of salt and calcium hydrophosphate respectively;

wherein the basic components and the dosage of the medicinal material group are respectively as follows by weight: 30-50 parts of dandelion, 10-20 parts of origanum vulgaris, 10-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10-15 parts of codonopsis pilosula and 15-20 parts of fructus forsythiae; the optional components and the use amounts are respectively as follows: 10-15 parts of ginkgo leaves, 5-10 parts of honeysuckle, 15-25 parts of spina date seeds and 40-80 parts of medlar;

the antibacterial active ingredient extract compound is prepared by the following steps:

a. extracting antibacterial active ingredients:

(1) mixing the raw materials with the dust removed and the impurities removed in proportion, crushing the mixture into 20-50 meshes by a crusher, placing the mixture in an extraction container, adding distilled water according to the mass-volume ratio of 1g to 10-12mL, heating the mixture to the extraction temperature of 70-85 ℃, soaking the mixture for 2-4h, and extracting the mixture for 2-3 times by adopting an ultrasonic extraction method, wherein the ultrasonic extraction is carried out for 20-30min each time, and the ultrasonic power is 150-; filtering the solution extracted each time, combining the filtrates to obtain a filtrate I, concentrating under vacuum at 30-50 ℃, and putting the filter residue into an extraction container again; (2) 1g of the following components in mass-to-volume ratio: adding 7-10mL of ethanol solution with volume fraction of 60-70%, extracting for 2-3h at 60-70 ℃ by an alcohol extraction method, filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain filtrate II, and concentrating under reduced pressure in vacuum; placing filter residues in a reflux extraction device, and mixing the filter residues according to the mass-volume ratio of 1g: adding 5-6mL of ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 95%, standing for 1-2h, performing ultrasonic reflux extraction for 2-3 times at the extraction temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 20-30min each time, performing ultrasonic power of 200-; (3) mixing the concentrated filtrates obtained in the above steps to obtain mixed filtrate, further concentrating, adding 3-5 times volume of 90-95% ethanol for dilution, and concentrating at 40-45 deg.C by rotary evaporator to obtain fluid extract;

b. extract treatment and preparation:

(1) preparing an extract-lipid complex: mixing the above prepared extract concentrated solution with soybean phospholipid at a weight ratio of 1:5-6, adding 95% ethanol 3-6 times of the mixture, slowly stirring at 40-50 deg.C for 0.5-1 hr, rotary evaporating to remove solvent, vacuum drying at 20-30 deg.C to obtain extract-lipid complex, and pulverizing; (2) dissolving the chitosan with medium and low viscosity in an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1-2% to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 2-5wt%, then adding a proper amount of tween and ethyl cellulose into the solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a chitosan solution; mixing the medicinal material extract-lipid complex powder with appropriate amount of chitosan solution under stirring to prepare soft material, granulating, and drying to obtain chitosan-coated medicinal material extract/phospholipid complex, i.e. antibacterial effective component extraction complex;

wherein the immune enhancing component extract compound is prepared by the following steps:

(1) drying the medicinal material residue after extracting the effective components, washing with water for 2-3 times to remove residual alcohol solvent, then mixing with appropriate amount of complex enzyme dry powder preparation, adding 5-6 times of distilled water by mass for enzymolysis; the compound enzyme consists of amylase, compound protease and cellulase; (2) carrying out enzymolysis at 50-55 deg.C and pH 5 for 3-4 hr, and carrying out enzymolysis at 60-65 deg.C and pH 7.0 for 2-3 hr; heating in boiling water bath for 10-15min to inactivate enzyme after enzymolysis, filtering, concentrating filtrate, and freeze drying to obtain powder containing small molecule polypeptide, amino acid, and polysaccharide immunity enhancing component; (3) optionally, the immune enhancing component is added with at least one of compound vitamin and calcium amino acid chelate and ferrous amino acid chelate, and the addition amounts are respectively 0.5-1wt% and 1-2 wt%; (4) uniformly mixing the composite component powder with stearic acid, carbopol gel auxiliary materials, methyl cellulose and talcum powder, heating and stirring until the materials are molten, continuously stirring, granulating, cooling, and then mixing and compounding with the bee pollen granular preparation with the mass of 1-2 times;

wherein, the fermented product of the medicinal material residue after enzymolysis is prepared by the following steps:

(1) adjusting the water content of the medicinal material residue subjected to the effective component extraction and enzymolysis treatment to 50-55%, adding a proper amount of sucrose solution with the mass concentration of 50%, corn flour, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out high-pressure sterilization at 121 ℃ for 20-30min to obtain a sterile medicinal material residue fermentation raw material; (2) putting the materials into a fermentation tank, inoculating Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and lactic acid bacteria liquid, mixing uniformly, sealing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35 +/-2 ℃, and controlling the fermentation period to be 5-7 days; drying the fermented material at 60 deg.C under normal pressure to water content of about 5% to obtain fermented product of the residue of the medicinal materials after enzymolysis.

2. A method for preparing the antibiotic-free feed of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

(S1) extracting antibacterial active ingredients from the prepared mixed medicinal materials and processing the antibacterial active ingredients to obtain an antibacterial active ingredient extraction compound;

(S2) carrying out enzymolysis treatment on the medicinal material residues, extracting immune enhancing nutritional components, and coating and compounding to obtain an immune enhancing component extract compound;

(S3) fermenting the medicinal material residues to obtain fermented products of the medicinal material residues after enzymolysis;

(S4) preparing feed raw materials to be fermented and fermenting;

(S5) preparing a raw feed material and mixing with the fermented feed;

(S6) compounding the components in proportion to obtain a fully mixed feed, adjusting the water content, and granulating;

wherein, the step (S4) is specifically as follows:

(1) mixing 30-40 parts of dried and crushed soybean meal, 50-60 parts of corn flour, 30-40 parts of alfalfa and 20-30 parts of peanut leaves to obtain a crude mixed material to be fermented; then mixing with 1-2wt% glucose, 0.1-0.2wt% ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.15wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.1wt% magnesium sulfate, adding water to adjust water content to 50-60%, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20-30 min; (2) placing the sterilized materials into a fermentation barrel, inoculating a compound bacterial liquid consisting of saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus according to the proportion of 10-15ml to 100g of the materials, sealing and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 37-40 ℃ for one week, wherein ventilation and stirring are carried out once every three days before fermentation; curing the fermented material to 30-35% in a feed curing device, and then drying at normal pressure and 50 ℃ until the water content is below 5% to obtain cured fermented feed;

wherein the steps (S5) - (S6) are as follows:

(1) preparing raw materials of the feed: taking 50 parts of dried corn, 20-30 parts of bran, 15-20 parts of defatted soybean meal, 10-15 parts of defatted peanut cake, 30-40 parts of alfalfa, 15-25 parts of corn straw or bagasse, 2-3 parts of fish meal or bone meal, 0.5 part of salt and calcium hydrophosphate respectively, mixing and crushing the components, sieving the mixture by a 16-20-mesh sieve, and sterilizing the mixture at high temperature to obtain a raw material mixture; (2) mixing the cured fermented feed prepared in the step with the feed raw materials according to the weight ratio of 1:1-3 to obtain a feed mixture; (3) according to the parts by weight, 0.5-2 parts of the antibacterial active ingredient extraction compound prepared in the steps, 1-3 parts of the immune enhancement ingredient extraction compound, 1-5 parts of the zymolysis fermented material residue and 200 parts of a feed mixture containing cured fermented feed and raw materials are fully mixed in a mixer until the mixture is uniform; adding water into the mixed material until the water content is 20-30%, uniformly stirring, granulating in a feed granule granulating device, and drying to obtain the granulated feed.

3. Use of the antibiotic-free feed of claim 1 as a feed for sheep during fattening period throughout the day or as a coarse feed additive; when the additive is used as a coarse material additive, the addition amount is not less than 30 percent in percentage by weight.