CN117694451A - Preparation method of biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry - Google Patents
Preparation method of biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry, belonging to the technical field of feed preparation; the preparation process comprises the following steps: preparing a traditional Chinese medicine additive; preparing fermented feed; preparing a feed additive component; preparing a finished feed product. According to the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared and added into the feed to replace antibiotics, so that the green and healthy antibiotic-free feed is produced, and the prepared traditional Chinese medicine additive can replace antibiotic components widely added in the traditional livestock feed by scientifically proportioning liquorice, poria cocos, radix puerariae, agastache rugosus and rhizoma anemarrhenae, thereby being beneficial to improving the immune function of livestock and ensuring the healthy production and production performance of the livestock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry.
Background
In recent years, with the great development of the breeding industry, the feed industry and the breeding industry are rapidly developed, and the variety of the feed is gradually increased. Most of traditional feeds are added with substances such as chemically synthesized growth promoters, antibiotics, hormone and the like, and the requirements of people on healthy and safe livestock and poultry products and foods cannot be met due to the problems of residues, drug resistance and the like of the substances such as the antibiotics, the hormone and the like in animal bodies, and the export of agricultural and sideline products in China is also influenced. China issues a national action plan (2022-2025) for inhibiting microbial resistance, which clearly promotes growth-promoting antimicrobial drugs for animals to gradually exit from the feed industry, so that an antibiotic substitute is searched, and the production of nonresistant feed is a necessary trend of the future development of the feed industry.
Therefore, how to ensure that the growth speed of animals is not affected, develop green feed and additive which can replace antibiotics and chemical synthetic drugs and produce green, healthy and delicious meat products is a subject to be solved urgently in the livestock industry at present.
Therefore, we provide a preparation method of the biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry, which is free of antibiotics, green and healthy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry.
A preparation method of biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of Chinese medicine additive
Soaking fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, fructus crataegi, glycyrrhrizae radix, poria, radix Puerariae, herba Agastaches and rhizoma anemarrhenae, and steaming to obtain Chinese medicinal additive;
s2: preparation of fermented feed
Mixing corn stalk, corn cob, vegetable oil meal, crushed sweet potato vine, crushed peanut vine and Chinese medicinal residue, adding composite microbial inoculum, enzyme preparation, sulfur and composite organic acid, and fermenting to obtain fermented feed;
s3: preparation of feed additive component
Mixing and stirring wheat flour, corn flour, wheat bran, fish meal, gypsum, calcium hydrophosphate, salt and premix to obtain a feed additive component;
s4: preparing a finished feed product
And mixing and stirring the feed additive components, the traditional Chinese medicine additives and the fermented feed to obtain a finished feed product.
Further, the step S1 of preparing the traditional Chinese medicine additive specifically comprises the following steps:
s1.1: mixing 10-20 parts by weight of fructus momordicae, 5-8 parts by weight of hawthorn, 3-5 parts by weight of liquorice, 10-20 parts by weight of poria cocos, 7-10 parts by weight of radix puerariae, 10-20 parts by weight of agastache rugosus and 10-20 parts by weight of rhizoma anemarrhenae, adding 10-20 times of water, and soaking for 50-60min to obtain a soaked traditional Chinese medicine mixture;
s1.2: decocting the soaked Chinese medicinal mixture at 90-100deg.C until the water content is 1/3-1/2 of the original volume, and filtering to obtain first Chinese medicinal extractive solution and first Chinese medicinal residue;
s1.3: adding 10-20 times of water into the first Chinese medicinal residue, decocting at 90-100deg.C until the water content is 1/3-1/2 of the original volume, and filtering again to obtain second Chinese medicinal extractive solution and second Chinese medicinal residue;
s1.4: mixing the first and second extractive solutions, decocting at 50-60deg.C until the water content is 1/3-1/2 of the original volume to obtain Chinese medicinal additive.
Further, the step S2 of preparing fermented feed specifically comprises the following steps:
s2.1: respectively airing fresh sweet potato vine and peanut vine until the water content is 60-65%, and crushing the fresh sweet potato vine and the peanut vine to obtain crushed sweet potato vine and peanut vine;
s2.2: respectively airing corn stalks and corncobs until the water content is 55-60%, and crushing the corn stalks and the corncobs to obtain crushed corn stalks and crushed corncob seedlings;
s2.3: mixing 100-200 parts by weight of corn stalks, 50-100 parts by weight of corncobs, 50-100 parts by weight of vegetable oil meal, 20-30 parts by weight of sweet potato vine crushed materials, 20-30 parts by weight of peanut seedling crushed materials and the second traditional Chinese medicine filter residues to obtain a fermentation substrate;
s2.4: uniformly mixing 1-2 parts by weight of the composite microbial inoculum, 0.5-1 part by weight of the enzyme preparation and 200-300 parts by weight of the fermentation substrate, adding sulfur and 1-2 parts by weight of the composite organic acid, uniformly mixing to prepare a wrapping, and fermenting for 30-40 days at room temperature to obtain the fermented feed.
Further, the step S3 is to prepare a feed additive component, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s3.1: respectively crushing 20-30 parts by weight of wheat and 30-50 parts by weight of corn to obtain wheat flour and corn flour;
s3.2: uniformly mixing 20-30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30-50 parts by weight of corn flour, 5-8 parts by weight of wheat bran, 1-2 parts by weight of fish meal, 0.5-1 part by weight of gypsum, 1-1.5 parts by weight of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5 part by weight of salt and 1-2 parts by weight of premix, and mechanically stirring for 10-30min to obtain the feed additive component.
Further, the step S4 is to prepare a finished feed product, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s4.1: adding 2-3 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine additives into 20-30 parts by weight of feed additive components, and mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s4.2: and adding 50-70 parts by weight of fermented feed into the mixture, and mechanically stirring for 20-30min to obtain a finished feed product.
Further, the addition amount of sulfur in the step S2.4 is 1-2wt% of the fermentation substrate.
Further, the composite microbial inoculum in the step S2.4 is lactobacillus plantarum, bifidobacterium, saccharomycete, bacillus and lactobacillus buchneri in the proportion of 2-3:1-2:1-2:1-2:0.5-1.
Further, in the step S2.4, the enzyme preparation is cellulase and pectase, and the proportion is 1-2:1-2.
Further, in the step S2.4, the compound organic acid is acetic acid, propionic acid or citric acid in a proportion of 1-2:1-2:1-2.
Further, the premix in step S3.2 is specifically VA4500IU, VB 1 2.5mg，VB 2 8mg，VB 6 1.5mg，VB 12 0.02mg, VD3500IU, VE80IU, VK35mg, nicotinic acid 30mg, pantothenic acid 15mg, fe150mg, cu15mg, zn80mg, mn30mg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine additive is added into the feed to replace antibiotics, so that the green healthy non-antibiotic feed is produced, the agastache rugosus has remarkable anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, agastache rugosus can inhibit the occurrence of inflammatory reaction in the body, the health and the growth and the production performance of livestock and poultry can be ensured, the rhizoma anemarrhenae can effectively regulate the body temperature of animals, help relieve the heat stress and discomfort caused by high-temperature environment, thereby improving the production performance of livestock and poultry, the liquorice can effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction, inhibit the growth of various bacteria and viruses, be beneficial to preventing infectious diseases and maintaining the health state of livestock and poultry, and the prepared traditional Chinese medicine additive can replace the antibiotic components widely added in the traditional livestock and poultry feed, thereby being beneficial to improving the immune function of livestock and poultry and ensuring the healthy production and the production performance of livestock and poultry.
2. According to the invention, the taste of the traditional Chinese medicine additive can be improved by adding the fructus momordicae and the hawthorn when the traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared, so that the bitter taste of the feed added with the traditional Chinese medicine additive is avoided, and the taste of the traditional Chinese medicine additive can be neutralized by adding the fructus momordicae and the hawthorn, so that the palatability of the feed is improved.
3. According to the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine additive prepared by decocting the traditional Chinese medicine is added into the feed to replace antibiotic components, so that the direct addition of the traditional Chinese medicine can be avoided, and the traditional Chinese medicine is directly added into the feed due to the fact that the cellulose content in the traditional Chinese medicine is high, the palatability of livestock and poultry is poor, and the traditional Chinese medicine additive is not beneficial to the absorption of nutritional components.
4. According to the invention, corn stalks, corncobs, vegetable oil meal, crushed corn cob, crushed peanut vine and traditional Chinese medicine filter residues are mixed and fermented, the prepared fermented feed can replace components such as corn and wheat in the traditional livestock feed, the nutrition of the livestock feed is ensured while the consumption of grains is reduced, the cellulose content of the traditional Chinese medicine filter residues can be reduced through fermenting the traditional Chinese medicine filter residues, the content of protein and other nutrients is improved, thus the edible and effective substances of the traditional Chinese medicine filter residues are easy to be absorbed by livestock, the waste of the traditional Chinese medicine filter residues is avoided, the palatability of the livestock can be improved through fermenting the crushed corn stalks, the crushed corn cob, the crushed vegetable oil meal, the crushed sweet potato vine and the crushed peanut vine, the waste of resources is avoided, and the daily requirements of livestock can be met through scientifically proportioning the fermented feed prepared from the crushed corn stalks, the crushed corn cob, the crushed vegetable oil meal, the crushed sweet potato vine and the crushed peanut vine.
5. The invention is beneficial to the synthesis of crude protein in the fermentation process by adding sulfur, the content of crude protein in the fermented feed is increased, the mildew of a fermentation substrate is restrained by adding the compound organic acid, meanwhile, the loss of effective nutrient components of the feed caused by the fermentation of saccharomycetes can be reduced, the fermentation quality can be improved by adding lactobacillus buchneri to optimize the compound microbial inoculum and the enzyme preparation, the stability of the fermented feed can be improved by lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri, and meanwhile, the decomposition and release of nutrient substances in the feed can be promoted by bifidobacterium, saccharomycetes and bacillus, the nutritive value of the fermented feed is improved, the feed is more convenient for livestock and poultry to digest, and the fermentation quality of the feed can be further improved by adding lactobacillus buchneri to produce a synergistic effect with cellulase.
6. According to the invention, gypsum is added into the feed additive components, so that the morbidity of livestock and poultry can be reduced, the gypsum can adjust the acid-base balance of the feed, the gastric acid can be neutralized, stomach discomfort can be relieved, gastric ulcer and other diseases can be prevented, the incidence of livestock and poultry stomach diseases can be reduced, and the overall digestive health of livestock and poultry can be improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry, which is adopted in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the productivity and morbidity of comparative examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table diagram showing the comparison of crude protein contents of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative example 8;
FIG. 4 is a comparative table diagram of fermentation quality of examples 1-3 and comparative example 9 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the preparation method of the biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry provided by the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. While the invention has been described herein in terms of the preferred and preferred embodiments, the following embodiments are intended to be more illustrative, and may be implemented in many alternative ways as will occur to those of skill in the art; and the accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments more specifically and are not intended to limit the invention specifically.
Example 1
A preparation method of biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of Chinese medicine additive
S1.1: mixing 10 parts by weight of fructus momordicae, 5 parts by weight of hawthorn, 3 parts by weight of liquorice, 10 parts by weight of poria cocos, 7 parts by weight of radix puerariae, 10 parts by weight of agastache rugosus and 10 parts by weight of rhizoma anemarrhenae, adding 10 times of water, and soaking for 50min to obtain a soaked traditional Chinese medicine mixture;
s1.2: decocting the soaked Chinese medicinal mixture at 90deg.C until the water content is 1/3 of the original volume, and filtering to obtain first Chinese medicinal extractive solution and first Chinese medicinal residue;
s1.3: adding 10 times of water into the first traditional Chinese medicine filter residue, decocting at 90 ℃ until the water content is 1/3 of the original volume, and filtering again to obtain a second traditional Chinese medicine extract and a second traditional Chinese medicine filter residue;
s1.4: mixing the first and second extractive solutions, decocting at 50deg.C until water content is 1/3 of the original volume to obtain Chinese medicinal additive;
s2: preparation of fermented feed
S2.1: respectively airing fresh sweet potato vine and peanut vine until the water content is 60%, and crushing the fresh sweet potato vine and the peanut vine to obtain crushed sweet potato vine and peanut vine;
s2.2: respectively airing corn stalks and corncobs until the water content is 55%, and crushing the corn stalks and the corncobs to obtain crushed corn stalks and crushed corncob seedlings;
s2.3: mixing 100 parts by weight of corn stalks, 50 parts by weight of corncobs, 50 parts by weight of vegetable oil meal, 20 parts by weight of crushed sweet potato vine, 20 parts by weight of crushed peanut vine and the second traditional Chinese medicine filter residues to obtain a fermentation substrate;
s2.4: uniformly mixing 1 part by weight of the composite microbial inoculum, 0.5 part by weight of the enzyme preparation and 200 parts by weight of the fermentation substrate, adding 1wt% of sulfur and 1 part by weight of the composite organic acid, uniformly mixing to prepare a wrapping bag, and fermenting for 30 days at room temperature to obtain a fermented feed;
wherein, the ratio of the plant lactobacillus, the bifidobacterium, the saccharomycete, the bacillus and the lactobacillus buchneri in the composite microbial inoculum is 2:1:1:1:0.5;
the proportion of cellulase and pectase in the enzyme preparation is 1:1, a step of;
the ratio of acetic acid, propionic acid and citric acid in the composite organic acid is 1:1:1, a step of;
s3: preparation of feed additive component
S3.1: respectively crushing 20 parts by weight of wheat and 30 parts by weight of corn to obtain wheat flour and corn flour;
s3.2: uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of corn flour, 5 parts by weight of wheat bran, 1 part by weight of fish meal, 0.5 part by weight of gypsum, 1 part by weight of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part by weight of salt and 1 part by weight of premix, and mechanically stirring for 10min to obtain a feed additive component;
wherein, per weight part of premix compound bagVA4500IU, VB 1 2.5mg，VB 2 8mg，VB 6 1.5mg，VB 12 0.02mg, VD3500IU, VE80IU, VK35mg, nicotinic acid 30mg, pantothenic acid 15mg, fe150mg, cu15mg, zn80mg, mn30mg;
s4: preparing a finished feed product
S4.1: adding 2 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine additives into 20 parts by weight of feed additive components, and mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s4.2: and adding 50 parts by weight of fermented feed into the mixture, and mechanically stirring for 20min to obtain a finished feed product.
Example 2
A preparation method of biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of Chinese medicine additive
S1.1: mixing 20 parts by weight of fructus momordicae, 8 parts by weight of hawthorn, 5 parts by weight of liquorice, 20 parts by weight of poria cocos, 10 parts by weight of radix puerariae, 20 parts by weight of agastache rugosus and 20 parts by weight of rhizoma anemarrhenae, adding 20 times of water, and soaking for 50min to obtain a soaked traditional Chinese medicine mixture;
s1.2: decocting the soaked Chinese medicinal mixture at 90deg.C until the water content is 1/2 of the original volume, and filtering to obtain first Chinese medicinal extractive solution and first Chinese medicinal residue;
s1.3: adding 20 times of water into the first traditional Chinese medicine filter residue, decocting at 90deg.C until the water content is 1/2 of the original volume, and filtering again to obtain second traditional Chinese medicine extract and traditional Chinese medicine filter residue;
s1.4: mixing the first and second extractive solutions, decocting at 50deg.C until water content is 1/2 of the original volume to obtain Chinese medicinal additive;
s2: preparation of fermented feed
S2.1: respectively airing fresh sweet potato vine and peanut vine until the water content is 65%, and crushing the fresh sweet potato vine and the peanut vine to obtain crushed sweet potato vine and peanut vine;
s2.2: respectively airing corn stalks and corncobs until the water content is 60%, and crushing the corn stalks and the corncobs to obtain crushed corn stalks and crushed corncob seedlings;
s2.3: mixing 200 parts by weight of corn stalks, 100 parts by weight of corncobs, 100 parts by weight of vegetable oil meal, 30 parts by weight of crushed sweet potato vine, 30 parts by weight of crushed peanut vine and the second traditional Chinese medicine filter residues to obtain a fermentation substrate;
s2.4: uniformly mixing 2 parts by weight of a composite microbial inoculum, 1 part by weight of an enzyme preparation and 300 parts by weight of a fermentation substrate, adding 2wt% of sulfur and 2 parts by weight of a composite organic acid, uniformly mixing to prepare a wrapping, and fermenting for 30 days at room temperature to obtain a fermented feed;
wherein, the ratio of the plant lactobacillus, the bifidobacterium, the saccharomycete, the bacillus and the lactobacillus buchneri in the composite microbial inoculum is 2:1:1:1:0.5;
the proportion of cellulase and pectase in the enzyme preparation is 1:1, a step of;
the ratio of acetic acid, propionic acid and citric acid in the composite organic acid is 1:1:1, a step of;
s3: preparation of feed additive component
S3.1: respectively pulverizing wheat and corn to obtain wheat flour and corn flour;
s3.2: uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 50 parts by weight of corn flour, 8 parts by weight of wheat bran, 2 parts by weight of fish meal, 1 part by weight of gypsum, 1.5 parts by weight of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part by weight of salt and 2 parts by weight of premix, and mechanically stirring for 10min to obtain a feed additive component;
wherein each part by weight of premix comprises VA4500IU, VB 1 2.5mg，VB 2 8mg，VB 6 1.5mg，VB 12 0.02mg, VD3500IU, VE80IU, VK35mg, nicotinic acid 30mg, pantothenic acid 15mg, fe150mg, cu15mg, zn80mg, mn30mg;
s4: preparing a finished feed product
S4.1: adding 3 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine additives into 30 parts by weight of feed additive components, and mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s4.2: and adding 70 parts by weight of fermented feed into the mixture, and mechanically stirring for 20min to obtain a finished feed product.
Example 3
A preparation method of biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of Chinese medicine additive
S1.1: mixing 10 parts by weight of fructus momordicae, 5 parts by weight of hawthorn, 3 parts by weight of liquorice, 10 parts by weight of poria cocos, 7 parts by weight of radix puerariae, 10 parts by weight of agastache rugosus and 10 parts by weight of rhizoma anemarrhenae, adding 10 times of water, and soaking for 60 minutes to obtain a soaked traditional Chinese medicine mixture;
s1.2: decocting the soaked Chinese medicinal mixture at 100deg.C until the water content is 1/2 of the original volume, and filtering to obtain first Chinese medicinal extractive solution and first Chinese medicinal residue;
s1.3: adding 10 times of water into the first traditional Chinese medicine filter residue, decocting at 100deg.C until the water content is 1/2 of the original volume, and filtering again to obtain second traditional Chinese medicine extract and traditional Chinese medicine filter residue;
s1.4: mixing the first and second extractive solutions, decocting at 60deg.C until the water content is 1/3 of the original volume to obtain Chinese medicinal additive;
s2: preparation of fermented feed
S2.1: respectively airing fresh sweet potato vine and peanut vine until the water content is 60%, and crushing the fresh sweet potato vine and the peanut vine to obtain crushed sweet potato vine and peanut vine;
s2.2: respectively airing corn stalks and corncobs until the water content is 55%, and crushing the corn stalks and the corncobs to obtain crushed corn stalks and crushed corncob seedlings;
s2.3: mixing 100 parts by weight of corn stalks, 50 parts by weight of corncobs, 50 parts by weight of vegetable oil meal, 20 parts by weight of crushed sweet potato vine, 20 parts by weight of crushed peanut vine and the second traditional Chinese medicine filter residues to obtain a fermentation substrate;
s2.4: uniformly mixing 1 part by weight of the composite microbial inoculum, 0.5 part by weight of the enzyme preparation and 200 parts by weight of the fermentation substrate, adding 1wt% of sulfur and 1 part by weight of the composite organic acid, uniformly mixing to prepare a wrapping bag, and fermenting at room temperature for 40 days to obtain a fermented feed;
wherein, the ratio of the plant lactobacillus, the bifidobacterium, the saccharomycete, the bacillus and the lactobacillus buchneri in the composite microbial inoculum is 2:1:1:1:0.5;
the proportion of cellulase and pectase in the enzyme preparation is 1:1, a step of;
the ratio of acetic acid, propionic acid and citric acid in the composite organic acid is 1:1:1, a step of;
s3: preparation of feed additive component
S3.1: respectively crushing 20 parts by weight of wheat and 30 parts by weight of corn to obtain wheat flour and corn flour;
s3.2: uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of corn flour, 5 parts by weight of wheat bran, 1 part by weight of fish meal, 0.5 part by weight of gypsum, 1 part by weight of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part by weight of salt and 1 part by weight of premix, and mechanically stirring for 30min to obtain a feed additive component;
wherein each part by weight of premix comprises VA4500IU, VB 1 2.5mg，VB 2 8mg，VB 6 1.5mg，VB 12 0.02mg, VD3500IU, VE80IU, VK35mg, nicotinic acid 30mg, pantothenic acid 15mg, fe150mg, cu15mg, zn80mg, mn30mg;
s4: preparing a finished feed product
S4.1: adding 2 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine additives into 20 parts by weight of feed additive components, and mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s4.2: and adding 50 parts by weight of fermented feed into the mixture, and mechanically stirring for 30min to obtain a finished feed product.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that comparative example 1 is a basic feed, specifically, 100 parts by weight of wheat flour, 70 parts by weight of corn flour, 5 parts by weight of wheat bran, 1 part by weight of fish meal, 0.3 part by weight of salt and 1 part by weight of premix, which is denoted as comparative example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that comparative example 2 is a feed product prepared by removing the traditional Chinese medicine additive in step S1, removing the traditional Chinese medicine filter residue in step S4.1 and the second traditional Chinese medicine filter residue in step S2.3, and keeping the remaining steps unchanged, and is denoted as comparative example 2.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 1, the difference of comparative example 3 is that comparative example 3 is a finished feed product prepared by removing step S1, removing the second traditional Chinese medicine residue in step S2.3, replacing the traditional Chinese medicine additive in step S4.1 with oxytetracycline 300 g/ton, and keeping the rest steps unchanged, and is denoted as comparative example 3.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 was different from example 1 in that comparative example 4 was a basic feed containing antibiotics, which was obtained by adding 300 g/ton of oxytetracycline to the feed of comparative example 1 and mixing it uniformly, and was designated as comparative example 4.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 is different from example 1 in that comparative example 5 is a feed product prepared by removing fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii and fructus crataegi in step S1.1, and the rest steps are unchanged, and is denoted as comparative example 5.
Comparative example 6
Compared with example 1, comparative example 6 is different in that comparative example 6 is a feed product prepared by removing the second traditional Chinese medicine residues in steps S1 and S2.3, pulverizing and mixing 3 parts by weight of licorice, 10 parts by weight of poria cocos, 7 parts by weight of kudzu vine root, 10 parts by weight of agastache rugosus and 10 parts by weight of rhizoma anemarrhenae to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder, replacing the traditional Chinese medicine additive in S4.1 with the same quality of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, and keeping the rest steps unchanged, and is denoted as comparative example 6.
Comparative example 7
Comparative example 7 is different from example 1 in that comparative example 7 is a finished feed product prepared by removing gypsum in step S3.2, and the remaining steps are unchanged, and is denoted as comparative example 7.
The method comprises the steps of artificially dividing a certain Sichuan farm into three cultivation areas, dividing each cultivation area into ten cultivation groups, feeding the ten cultivation groups with 10 boars and 3 sows by using the feeds of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-7 respectively, and counting the health condition of pigs in each cultivation group during feeding for 60 days (pigs with no obvious pathological reaction and normal growth rate are healthy pigs, and pigs with abnormal symptoms such as high fever, listlessness, vomiting, hard or thin stool, skin swelling or ulcer are all counted into sick pigs). During the cultivation period, the cultivation environment of each cultivation area is kept the same, each cultivation group in the cultivation area is kept to be fed with different feeds, and other cultivation conditions are the same. After a period of 60 days of feeding, the morbidity and the productivity of the test pigs were determined, and the average value of the three breeding areas was taken, and the data was recorded, referring to fig. 2.
The average daily gain, average daily feed intake and morbidity of the examples are superior to those of the comparative examples, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the examples are slightly higher and the morbidity is slightly lower as shown by the examples and the comparative examples 1-4, the feed prepared by the examples can replace common feed containing antibiotics, the feed produced by the examples is antibiotic-free and green healthy feed, the traditional Chinese medicine additive can replace antibiotics, and the fermented feed replaces part of basic feed, so that the growth of pigs is facilitated, the average daily feed intake of the pigs is reduced as shown by the data of the comparative examples 5 and 6, the taste of the traditional Chinese medicine additive can be improved by adding fructus momordicae and hawthorn, the palatability of the feed is improved, the palatability of livestock and poultry is poor due to the direct addition of the traditional Chinese medicine, the absorption of nutrients is not beneficial, and the morbidity of the pigs can be reduced by adding gypsum according to the data of the comparative example 7.
Comparative example 8
Comparative example 8 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 8 is a finished feed product prepared by removing sulfur in step S2.4, the remaining steps being unchanged, designated as comparative example 8.
The finished feed products prepared in examples and comparative example 8 were subjected to measurement of crude protein content by referring to GB/T6432-2018, and the test results were referred to FIG. 3.
It can be seen that the crude protein content of the examples is higher than that of comparative example 8, which shows that the addition of sulfur helps the synthesis of crude protein during fermentation and increases the crude protein content in the fermented feed.
Comparative example 9
Comparative example 9 was different from example 1 in that comparative example 9 was a finished feed product prepared by removing lactobacillus buchneri in a complex microbial agent, and the remaining steps were unchanged, and was designated as comparative example 9.
The feed products prepared in examples and comparative example 9 were subjected to measurement of the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, the contents of lactic acid and propionic acid were measured by steam distillation, and the measurement results were shown in FIG. 4.
It can be seen that the lactic acid content of the examples is higher than that of comparative example 9, and that the fermentation quality of the examples is better than that of comparative example 9 as can be seen from the data of FIG. 4, indicating that the fermentation quality can be improved by adding Lactobacillus buchneri.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the biological fermentation feed for the livestock and the poultry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparation of Chinese medicine additive
Soaking fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, fructus crataegi, glycyrrhrizae radix, poria, radix Puerariae, herba Agastaches and rhizoma anemarrhenae, and steaming to obtain Chinese medicinal additive;
s2: preparation of fermented feed
Mixing corn stalk, corn cob, vegetable oil meal, crushed sweet potato vine, crushed peanut vine and Chinese medicinal residue, adding composite microbial inoculum, enzyme preparation, sulfur and composite organic acid, and fermenting to obtain fermented feed;
s3: preparation of feed additive component
Mixing and stirring wheat flour, corn flour, wheat bran, fish meal, gypsum, calcium hydrophosphate, salt and premix to obtain a feed additive component;
s4: preparing a finished feed product
And mixing and stirring the feed additive components, the traditional Chinese medicine additives and the fermented feed to obtain a finished feed product.
2. The method for preparing the biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is used for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine additive, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1.1: mixing 10-20 parts by weight of fructus momordicae, 5-8 parts by weight of hawthorn, 3-5 parts by weight of liquorice, 10-20 parts by weight of poria cocos, 7-10 parts by weight of radix puerariae, 10-20 parts by weight of agastache rugosus and 10-20 parts by weight of rhizoma anemarrhenae, adding 10-20 times of water, and soaking for 50-60min to obtain a soaked traditional Chinese medicine mixture;
s1.2: decocting the soaked Chinese medicinal mixture at 90-100deg.C until the water content is 1/3-1/2 of the original volume, and filtering to obtain first Chinese medicinal extractive solution and first Chinese medicinal residue;
s1.3: adding 10-20 times of water into the first Chinese medicinal residue, decocting at 90-100deg.C until the water content is 1/3-1/2 of the original volume, and filtering again to obtain second Chinese medicinal extractive solution and second Chinese medicinal residue;
s1.4: mixing the first and second extractive solutions, decocting at 50-60deg.C until the water content is 1/3-1/2 of the original volume to obtain Chinese medicinal additive.
3. The method for preparing the biological fermented feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 2, wherein the step S2 of preparing the fermented feed specifically comprises the following steps:
s2.1: respectively airing fresh sweet potato vine and peanut vine until the water content is 60-65%, and crushing the fresh sweet potato vine and the peanut vine to obtain crushed sweet potato vine and peanut vine;
s2.2: respectively airing corn stalks and corncobs until the water content is 55-60%, and crushing the corn stalks and the corncobs to obtain crushed corn stalks and crushed corncob seedlings;
s2.3: mixing 100-200 parts by weight of corn stalks, 50-100 parts by weight of corncobs, 50-100 parts by weight of vegetable oil meal, 20-30 parts by weight of sweet potato vine crushed materials, 20-30 parts by weight of peanut seedling crushed materials and the second traditional Chinese medicine filter residues to obtain a fermentation substrate;
s2.4: uniformly mixing 1-2 parts by weight of the composite microbial inoculum, 0.5-1 part by weight of the enzyme preparation and 200-300 parts by weight of the fermentation substrate, adding sulfur and 1-2 parts by weight of the composite organic acid, uniformly mixing to prepare a wrapping, and fermenting for 30-40 days at room temperature to obtain the fermented feed.
4. The method for preparing the biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 3, wherein the step S3 is to prepare a feed additive component, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s3.1: respectively crushing 20-30 parts by weight of wheat and 30-50 parts by weight of corn to obtain wheat flour and corn flour;
s3.2: uniformly mixing 20-30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30-50 parts by weight of corn flour, 5-8 parts by weight of wheat bran, 1-2 parts by weight of fish meal, 0.5-1 part by weight of gypsum, 1-1.5 parts by weight of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5 part by weight of salt and 1-2 parts by weight of premix, and mechanically stirring for 10-30min to obtain the feed additive component.
5. The method for preparing the biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 4, wherein the step S4 is to prepare a finished feed product, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s4.1: adding 2-3 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine additives into 20-30 parts by weight of feed additive components, and mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s4.2: and adding 50-70 parts by weight of fermented feed into the mixture, and mechanically stirring for 20-30min to obtain a finished feed product.
6. The method for preparing a biologically fermented feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 3, wherein the sulfur added in the step S2.4 is 1-2wt% of the fermentation substrate.
7. The method for preparing the biological fermentation feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 3, wherein the composite microbial inoculum in the step S2.4 is lactobacillus plantarum, bifidobacterium, saccharomycete, bacillus and lactobacillus buchneri in a proportion of 2-3:1-2:1-2:1-2:0.5-1.
8. The method for preparing the biological fermented feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 3, wherein the enzyme preparation in the step S2.4 is cellulase and pectase in the proportion of 1-2 in parts by weight: 1-2.
9. The method for preparing the biological fermented feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 3, wherein the compound organic acid in the step S2.4 is acetic acid, propionic acid or citric acid in a proportion of 1-2:1-2:1-2.
10. The method for preparing a biologically fermented feed for livestock and poultry according to claim 4, wherein the premix in step S3.2 is VA4500IU, VB 1 2.5mg，VB 2 8mg，VB 6 1.5mg，VB 12 0.02mg, VD3500IU, VE80IU, VK35mg, nicotinic acid 30mg, pantothenic acid 15mg, fe150mg, cu15mg, zn80mg, mn30mg.
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