CN114287517A - Application of traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product in preparation of feed - Google Patents
Application of traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product in preparation of feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN114287517A CN114287517A CN202210010727.2A CN202210010727A CN114287517A CN 114287517 A CN114287517 A CN 114287517A CN 202210010727 A CN202210010727 A CN 202210010727A CN 114287517 A CN114287517 A CN 114287517A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides an application of a traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product in preparing feed or a feed additive, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is residue obtained by carrying out alcohol precipitation treatment on decoction of the following traditional Chinese medicines, and the traditional Chinese medicines comprise rhizoma nardostachyos, pseudo-ginseng, codonopsis pilosula and rhizoma polygonati which account for more than 80% of the total weight of the medicines, wherein each medicine accounts for the mass ratio of the total weight of the medicine: 15 to 25 percent of nard, 3 to 10 percent of pseudo-ginseng, 20 to 40 percent of radix codonopsitis and 30 to 50 percent of rhizoma polygonati. The invention can promote animal fattening, improve animal feed intake, improve feed conversion rate, reduce diarrhea and improve milk yield of animals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to application of a residue product obtained after traditional Chinese medicine extraction in the aspect of feed preparation.
Background
At present, the fermented feed for animal breeding is generally probiotic fermented feed, and is generally prepared by fermenting probiotic bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes by taking grain crops such as corn, bean pulp and the like or grain dregs as raw materials. The probiotic fermentation can convert feed raw materials into a nutritional feed integrating microbial mycoprotein, bioactive small peptide amino acid, microbial active probiotics and a complex enzyme preparation. But still have a number of drawbacks, in particular:
1. the protein content is low, which is not beneficial to the healthy growth of animals.
2. The energy feed has low content, and is not beneficial to weight gain.
3. The ability of the fermentation strain to degrade the crude fiber is not enough, which is not beneficial to the degradation and digestion of the crude fiber in the fermented feed. Improving the feed intake and promoting the digestion and weight gain with poor effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention explores and successfully utilizes the residue product extracted by the traditional Chinese medicines to prepare the feed or the feed additive, and proves that the feed or the feed additive produced by using the residue product extracted by the traditional Chinese medicines as the raw material can promote animal fattening, improve the feed intake of animals, improve the feed conversion rate, reduce diarrhea and improve the milk yield of the animals.
The invention firstly provides an application of a traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product in preparing feed or a feed additive, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is residue obtained by carrying out alcohol precipitation treatment on decoction of the following traditional Chinese medicines, and the traditional Chinese medicines comprise rhizoma nardostachyos, pseudo-ginseng, codonopsis pilosula and rhizoma polygonati which account for more than 80% of the total weight of the medicines, wherein each medicine accounts for the mass ratio of the total weight of the medicine: 15 to 25 percent of nard, 3 to 10 percent of pseudo-ginseng, 20 to 40 percent of radix codonopsitis and 30 to 50 percent of rhizoma polygonati.
Preferably, in the traditional Chinese medicine composition, each medicine accounts for the total weight of the medicine by mass ratio: 20 +/-3% of nard, 6 +/-2% of pseudo-ginseng, 30 +/-5% of codonopsis pilosula and 40 +/-5% of rhizoma polygonati.
Preferably, the Chinese medicinal composition can also comprise one or more other medicinal materials selected from: acanthopanax, silk moth, fructus amomi, hawthorn, roasted epimedium herb, tuckahoe, yam, mulberry, astragalus, medlar, prepared rehmannia root, dried orange peel and rhizoma alismatis.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is a residue product generated in the preparation process of the traditional Chinese medicine 'heart stabilizing granules'.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is obtained by the following method: concentrating decoction of Chinese medicinal materials into paste, adding ethanol to make ethanol content reach 60-70%, stirring, standing, and removing supernatant.
Further, the decoction of the traditional Chinese medicines is obtained by the following method: separately decocting rhizoma Nardostachyos, radix Codonopsis, rhizoma Polygonati and other medicinal materials or mixing them at a certain ratio in water; pulverizing Notoginseng radix into powder, extracting with 80% ethanol, and decocting in water; decocting the above materials, mixing decoctions, and filtering.
Further, the density of the paste concentrate is 1.20-1.30 g/mL, ethanol is added at 60 ℃ to enable the ethanol content to reach 65%, and after stirring, the paste concentrate is kept stand for more than 24 hours to remove supernatant.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is applied to preparation of feed or feed additives through secondary fermentation.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product can be applied to preparation of feeds or feed additives with one or more of the following functions: (1) promoting animal fattening, (2) promoting animal growth, (3) improving animal immunity, (4) improving animal feed intake, (5) improving feed conversion rate, (6) reducing diarrhea, and (7) improving animal milk yield.
The invention also provides a feed or feed additive product, which comprises the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product.
The feed or feed additive product has one or more of the following functions: (1) promoting animal fattening, (2) promoting animal growth, (3) improving animal immunity, (4) improving animal feed intake, (5) improving feed conversion rate, (6) reducing diarrhea, and (7) improving animal milk yield.
Wherein, the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product accounts for more than 10 percent of the total amount of the raw materials of the feed or the feed additive, and is preferably 15 to 30 percent; the other raw material components in the feed or the feed additive comprise: 1-20% of corncob powder, 1-15% of hawthorn powder, 1-15% of jujube powder, 1-15% of wild jujube pulp powder, 1-10% of molasses, 0-50% of other additive feed raw materials, and one or more of grain raw grain, soybean meal, corn, fish meal, amino acid, miscellaneous meal, additives, whey powder, grease, meat and bone meal, grains and the like.
The preparation method of the feed or feed additive product comprises the following steps: mixing the Chinese medicinal extraction residue product with other raw materials according to a certain ratio, and performing secondary fermentation with one or more of lactobacillus, actinomycetes, yeast and bacillus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the application of traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as radix codonopsitis, rhizoma polygonati and the like to increase and improve the immunity components:
the Chinese herbal medicines selected from the fermented feed or the feed additive are based on qi and blood tonifying and immunity improving, have the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, eliminating dampness, resisting bacteria and viruses and the like, and have good prevention, treatment and health care effects on various animal diseases. For example: rhizoma polygonati has the effects of tonifying qi and blood and improving immunity; codonopsis pilosula has the effects of nourishing blood, benefiting qi, promoting the production of body fluid, quenching thirst and treating inappetence, hypodynamia and diarrhea. The combined application can improve the immune function of the organism and enhance the disease resistance of the organism by regulating the immune function.
Adding radix Codonopsis and rhizoma Polygonati extract precipitate, increasing protein content and energy feed ratio, improving nutrition ratio of fermented feed, and solving the problem of low protein content which is not favorable for animal healthy growth; the energy feed has low components and is not beneficial to weight increment.
(2) The codonopsis pilosula high-synanthrin fructose in the polysaccharide component promotes the growth of bifidobacteria:
the precipitate after production of the heart stabilizing granule contains Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide, volatile oil, various amino acids, major and trace elements, starch and the like, wherein the Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide has multiple biological functions of resisting oxidation and aging, enhancing the immunity of the organism, regulating gastrointestinal tract microorganisms, improving the production performance of animals and the like. Research shows that the codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide has certain effects on improving intestinal flora imbalance, recovering body health and the like, and the high-polymerization-degree inulin fructose extracted from the codonopsis pilosula root can remarkably promote the growth of probiotic bifidobacteria, improve intestinal health and promote the growth and development of animals.
(3) And by utilizing secondary fermentation of probiotics, the components for promoting digestion and absorption are improved:
the anaerobic secondary fermentation feed is mixed by using probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus and the like, wherein the existence of aerobic bacteria such as the saccharomycetes, the bacillus and the like creates an anaerobic environment for the growth and the propagation of the lactic acid bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria are massively propagated to generate lactic acid, the pH value is reduced, so that the fermented feed product has acid flavor, and the feed is homogenized and fluffy after being fermented, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, and the feed intake is stimulated.
After the feed is fermented, a series of biochemical reactions are carried out, complex macromolecular organic matters such as cellulose, starch, protein and the like in the feed are degraded into micromolecular substances such as monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, amino acid and the like which are easy to digest and absorb by animals to a certain extent, so that the digestibility of the feed is improved, the deep production and processing effects which cannot be achieved by feed machinery are achieved, and meanwhile, a large number of microbial strain cells with rich nutrition and useful metabolites can be generated and accumulated in the process of feed fermentation, such as: amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, activated trace elements and special saccharides, and can soften and perfume the feed and increase the nutrition, thereby changing the physicochemical properties of the feed and improving the palatability, digestibility, absorptivity and nutritive value of the feed.
The fermented feed contains a large amount of beneficial live bacteria (mainly lactic acid bacteria) and metabolites thereof, and is beneficial to intestinal health (inhibiting growth of pathogenic bacteria, promoting intestinal microbial balance, promoting intestinal immune response, improving digestive absorption function, and promoting health and growth).
Experiments show that the feed or the feed additive of the invention only accounts for 10 percent of the conventional feed, and can achieve the effects of remarkably promoting the growth and fattening of animals, improving the immunity of the animals, reducing the occurrence frequency of diarrhea, improving the feed intake and feed conversion rate of the animals and improving the milk yield of the animals.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a feed or feed additive by using a fermented feed containing Chinese herbs according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the average daily milk production of different groups in the cow breeding milk production comparison test.
Detailed Description
Technical terms used in the following description have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.
Rhizoma polygonati and codonopsis pilosula are commonly used tonifying traditional Chinese medicines, polysaccharide substances are one of main effective active ingredients of the rhizoma polygonati and codonopsis pilosula, have various biological effects of improving the immunity of organisms, enhancing the disease resistance and the like, and can become commonly used candidate traditional Chinese medicines of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive. The two traditional Chinese medicines and the animal intestinal probiotic flora have certain synergistic effect in the aspect of biological activity exertion, which is related to the influence of microorganisms on the metabolism in a medicine organism. The microbial fermentation traditional Chinese medicine is an improvement and innovation of the traditional Chinese medicine processing technology and has the advantages of improving the efficacy, reducing toxic and side effects and the like. Moreover, the traditional Chinese medicine used as the immunopotentiator has no medicine residue, lower cost and simple and convenient method, and is suitable for being used in animal production. But the sealwort and the codonopsis pilosula also contain a plurality of saponins, alkaloids and other substances which are effective components of special medicines on one hand and are not beneficial to fattening and milk production of animals on the other hand. Therefore, the effect of directly adding traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as rhizoma polygonati, codonopsis pilosula and the like into the feed in the form of raw material medicines is limited, and the waste of the raw material medicines is also caused. The extracted traditional Chinese medicine residue product is used as the source of the feed additive, saponins, alkaloids and other substances can be firstly removed, and polysaccharide substances required by animal culture are enriched in the residue product through one-time treatment, so that the extraction amount and the bioavailability of the polysaccharide substances are improved. Besides rhizoma Polygonati and radix Codonopsis with high polysaccharide content, rhizoma Nardostachyos and Notoginseng radix with spleen and stomach regulating effect can also be added.
Therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product for the feed is residue obtained by carrying out alcohol precipitation on decoction of the following traditional Chinese medicines: 15-25% of nard, 3-10% of pseudo-ginseng, 20-40% of codonopsis pilosula, 30-50% of rhizoma polygonati and 0-20% of the rest.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises: by weight, 20 plus or minus 3 percent of nard, 6 plus or minus 2 percent of notoginseng, 30 plus or minus 5 percent of radix codonopsitis, 40 plus or minus 5 percent of rhizoma polygonati and 0 to 4 percent of others.
Wherein, the other of the Chinese medicinal composition can be any one or more common medicinal materials which can be used for feeds or medicinal compositions, including but not limited to: acanthopanax, silk moth, fructus amomi, hawthorn, roasted epimedium herb, tuckahoe, yam, mulberry, astragalus, medlar, prepared rehmannia root, dried orange peel, rhizoma alismatis and the like. Other components may not be added. The composition of the nardostachys chinensis batal, the pseudo-ginseng, the codonopsis pilosula and the rhizoma polygonati can be used for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine heart-stabilizing granules, and a residue product generated in the preparation process of the traditional Chinese medicine heart-stabilizing granules can be directly used as a traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product used in the aspect of feed, so that the resource utilization of byproducts in the preparation process of the traditional Chinese medicine heart-stabilizing granules is realized.
Therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product used for the feed can be prepared by self, can be directly obtained from a medicine manufacturer of the traditional Chinese medicine 'heart stabilizing granules', and can be prepared by directly adopting the byproduct of the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product in the production process of the traditional Chinese medicine 'heart stabilizing granules'. For example, Shandong stepsize pharmaceutical products, Inc., the remaining Chinese medicinal extract residue product used for the production of "heart-stabilizing granules" can be used in the present invention.
The traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product for the feed can also be obtained by the following method: the decoction liquid of the traditional Chinese medicine is concentrated into paste, ethanol is added to ensure that the alcohol content reaches 60 to 70 percent, the mixture is stirred and stood, and the product obtained by removing the supernatant is the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product which can be used for the feed. The supernatant contains medicinal substances such as saponins, alkaloids and organic acids in the raw material medicines, and can be collected for preparing heart stabilizing granules. The Chinese medicine extraction residue product contains a large amount of polysaccharide substances, and is easy to carry out further secondary fermentation and animal absorption.
Wherein, the decoction of the traditional Chinese medicine can be obtained by the following method: separately decocting rhizoma Nardostachyos, radix Codonopsis, rhizoma Polygonati and other medicinal materials or mixing them at a certain ratio in water; pulverizing Notoginseng radix into powder, extracting with 80% ethanol, and decocting in water; decocting the above materials, mixing decoctions, and filtering. Because the pseudo-ginseng is hard, the permeability of the medicine in the medicinal materials can be improved through grinding and alcohol extraction, and more medicine components can be extracted.
Wherein the density of the paste concentrate is 1.20-1.30 g/mL, ethanol is added at 60 ℃ to enable the ethanol content to reach 65%, and after stirring, the paste concentrate is kept stand for more than 24 hours to remove supernatant.
According to the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product, the feed or the feed additive prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product has one or more of the following functions: (1) promoting animal fattening, (2) promoting animal growth, (3) improving animal immunity, (4) improving animal feed intake, (5) improving feed conversion rate, (6) reducing diarrhea, and (7) improving animal milk yield.
The traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is used for producing feed additives, other raw material components can be added into the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product according to requirements, secondary fermentation is carried out by utilizing one or more of lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and bacillus, and the secondary fermentation product can be used as a feed or a feed additive product. The secondary fermentation can be carried out by adopting the conventional probiotic fermentation means in the prior art, and is not described in detail.
The traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is generally mixed with other raw material components in a proportion of more than 10 percent of the total amount for secondary fermentation, and the optimal proportion is 15 to 30 percent. One exemplary composition of the other raw material components is: 1-20% of corncob powder, 1-15% of hawthorn powder, 1-15% of jujube powder, 1-15% of wild jujube pulp powder, 1-10% of molasses and 0-50% of other additive feed raw materials by weight; wherein, other addable feed raw materials comprise one or more of grain raw grain, soybean meal, corn, fish meal, amino acid, miscellaneous meal, additives, whey powder, grease, meat and bone meal, grains and the like, and the conventional feed raw materials can be added into the part and subjected to secondary fermentation together.
Through secondary fermentation, the polysaccharide substances contained in the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product can be further processed and decomposed deeply by utilizing probiotics, and nutrient molecules are further activated and are more easily absorbed and utilized by organisms, so that the physicochemical property of the feed is changed. Meanwhile, probiotics and metabolites thereof after secondary fermentation are supplemented into the feed, so that intestinal health is promoted.
Wherein, the secondary fermentation adopts lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and bacillus, and the mass ratio is (1-3): (1-3): (1-3).
Wherein, the secondary fermentation process can be preferably carried out for more than 2 days at the temperature of 5-40 ℃.
The product prepared by secondary fermentation can be used as a single feed for feeding 100%, and also can be used as a feed additive for mixed feeding with conventional feeds such as corn, bean pulp and the like, and the addition amount of the product is preferably 5-30% during mixed feeding.
The feed or feed additive prepared by the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is subjected to breeding test, and the feed has the promotion effect in animal breeding.
The traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed adopted in the following experiments is the feed or feed additive prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product, and the preparation process is as follows (see figure 1):
decocting rhizoma Nardostachyos 20% in water to obtain decoction a, and pulverizing Notoginseng radix 6% to obtain coarse powder. Extracting with 80% ethanol, decocting with water twice to obtain decoction b, mixing radix Codonopsis 32% and rhizoma Polygonati 42%, and decocting with water to obtain decoction c. Mixing the above three decoctions, and filtering; concentrating the filtrate to obtain a clear paste with the relative density of 1.20-1.30 (60 ℃), adding ethanol to enable the alcohol content to reach 65%, stirring, and standing for 24 hours. Removing supernatant (for "heart stabilizing granule"), and removing ethanol from the residual product to obtain Chinese medicinal extraction residue product.
Taking 20% of traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product, 23% of corncob powder, 16% of hawthorn powder, 16% of jujube powder, 15% of wild jujube pulp powder and 10% of soybean molasses, uniformly mixing, and mixing in a proportion of 1: 1: 1, inoculating lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus, adjusting water content, and packaging with a one-way breather valve fermentation bag for sealed constant-temperature fermentation for secondary fermentation.
Test for breeding fattening pigs by using traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed/probiotic fermented feed
1. Materials and methods:
i. the feed conditions of each group are as follows:
conventional feed (blank group): the fermented feed is not added, and only the conventional feed is used, and the mixture ratio is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
Traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group: the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed and the conventional feed used in the blank group are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 9, mixing, wherein the nutrient components of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed are shown in table 2;
TABLE 2
| Item | Unit of | Method | Results |
| Protein | g/100g | First method of GB 5009.5-2016 | 14.5 |
| Total sugar | g/100g | First method of GB 5009.9-2016 | 56.4 |
| Total amount of probiotic bacteria | Hundred million/g | GBT13093-2006) | 30 |
| Lead (Pb) | mg/kg | The second method of GB 5009.12-2017, | not detected out |
| Total arsenic (As) | mg/kg | The first article of GB 5009.11-2014, | not detected out |
| Total mercury (Hg) | mg/kg | The first article of GB 5009.17-2014, | not detected out |
| Cadmium (Cd) | mg/kg | GB 5009.15-2014, | Not detected out |
| Aflatoxin | ug/kg | Third method of GB 5009.22-2016 | Not detected out |
Probiotic fermented feed group: the probiotic fermented feed and the conventional feed used in the blank group are mixed in a ratio of 1: 9. the probiotic fermented feed formula is as follows: corn 58.2%, soybean meal 31.5%, rapeseed meal 5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.3%, stone powder 1.2%, salt 0.3%, oil 2.5%, and probiotic 1kg per 100 kg feed is fermented to obtain the product (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis). The nutritional ingredients of the probiotic fermented feed are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Item | Unit of | Method | Results |
| Protein | g/100g | First method of GB 5009.5-2016 | 12.5 |
| Total sugar | g/100g | First method of GB 5009.9-2016 | 53.4 |
| Total amount of probiotic bacteria | Hundred million/g | GBT13093-2006) | 28 |
| Lead (Pb) | mg/kg | The second method of GB 5009.12-2017, | not detected out |
| Total arsenic (As) | mg/kg | The first article of GB 5009.11-2014, | not detected out |
| Total mercury (Hg) | mg/kg | The first article of GB 5009.17-2014, | not detected out |
| Cadmium (Cd) | mg/kg | GB 5009.15-2014, | Not detected out |
| Huang QuMycotoxins | ug/kg | Third method of GB 5009.22-2016 | Not detected out |
The feed proportioning is that the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed and the probiotic fermented feed are respectively added into conventional feeds (blank group) according to the proportion of 10%. The ingredients after addition of the fermented feed are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
The nutritional levels of each feed group are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
| Nutritional levels | Blank group | Probiotic fermented feed group | Traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group |
| Digestion energy (MJ/kg) | 12.54 | 12.34 | 12.56 |
| Crude protein/(%) | 17.72 | 16.72 | 17.7 |
| Digestible lysine/(%) | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.77 |
| Digestible methionine/(%) | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.28 |
Test animals and groups:
the three-element hybrid healthy pig 90 with similar gestation times and weight (50 +/-2 kg) is selected and randomly divided into 3 groups.
iii feeding management
The test pigs are all raised in the same fattening house, are immunized according to the immunization program of a pig farm, and are repelled according to the conventional program and method. The test pigs feed and drink water freely, the colony house is cleaned regularly every day, and the feeding management conditions of all groups are completely consistent except that the fermented feed is added in the test.
2. Measurement items
i. Average daily food intake:
the material is agglomerated every 10d in a repeating group unit. Weighing and settling the feed.
Daily food consumption is (initial weight of feed-weight of feed powder)/feeding days.
Average daily gain:
the weight is respectively weighed once at the beginning and the end of the test (early morning empty stomach), and the measurement index of the growth speed is the average daily gain of the growing-finishing pigs in a certain period, namely the average daily gain.
Average daily gain (g) ═ end weight-start weight/day of feed.
Feed conversion ratio:
the feed amount consumed by the fattening pigs per 1kg of weight gain in one stage is shown.
Feed conversion ratio (total feed consumption/(end weight-start weight) during the measurement period)
Diarrhea rate:
the number of diarrhea pigs in each group is recorded in detail every day during the test period, and the diarrhea rate of each group at the end of the test is counted. Diarrhea determination criteria: the feces are unformed and the stacking height of the naturally excreted feces on the ground is less than 10 cm.
The diarrhea rate (%) is the total number of diarrhea in the experimental period/total number of the fed animals in the experimental period multiplied by 100%
3. Test results
After the examination for 30 days, the results of weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate of the blank group (without using fermented feed), the probiotic fermented feed group and the Chinese medicinal fermented feed group are shown in Table 6
TABLE 6
During the experiment, the statistical results of diarrhea of each group of pigs are shown in the table 7.
TABLE 7
And calculating the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake by individuals, counting the feed conversion rate, and performing single-factor variance analysis and statistical treatment on the obtained data. And we concluded the following after statistical comparison of diarrhea during the test pigs.
4. Conclusion
i. Average daily gain: compared with a blank group fed with conventional feed, the probiotic fermented feed group and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group are respectively improved by 7.32% and 15.95%, the difference between the experimental probiotic fermented feed group and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the blank group is obvious (variance analysis between groups, P is less than 0.05), and the difference between the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group is also obviously improved.
Average daily food intake: the probiotic fermented feed group and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group are respectively increased by 11.24% and 19.4% compared with the control group, and the difference between the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the blank group is obvious (P is less than 0.05).
And iii, in the aspect of feed conversion rate (feed conversion ratio), the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group is reduced by 7.38 percent compared with the blank group.
Comparison of diarrhea rates: compared with a control group, the probiotic fermented feed group and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group have the advantage that the diarrhea rate is respectively reduced by 11.1% and 27.8% in the test period.
Second, Chinese medicine fermented feed/probiotic fermented feed breeding sheep fattening test
1. Materials and methods:
i. the feeding condition of each group of the feed is the same as the above experiment of breeding and fattening pigs.
Test animals and groups:
healthy sheep of similar gestation frequency and weight (15 +/-2 kg) and 60 heads of sheep were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The feeding period is 60 days.
iii feeding management
The feed of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the feed of the probiotic fermented feed group are respectively fed. The test sheep are all raised in the same fattening house, and are immunized according to the immunization program of the sheep farm and repelled according to the conventional program and method. Test sheep freely feed and drink water, and the colony house is regularly cleaned every day, and the feeding management conditions of all groups are completely consistent except that the test additives are different.
2. Measurement items
i. Average daily food intake:
the material is agglomerated every 15d in repeating group units. Weighing and settling the feed.
Daily food consumption is (initial weight of feed-weight of feed powder)/feeding days.
Average daily gain:
the weight is respectively weighed once at the beginning and the end of the test (early morning empty stomach), and the measurement index of the growth speed is the average daily gain of the growing and fattening sheep in a certain period, namely the average daily gain.
Average daily gain (g) ═ end weight-start weight/day of feed.
Feed conversion ratio:
the feed amount is the amount of feed consumed by fattening sheep per 1kg of weight gain in one stage.
Feed conversion ratio (total feed consumption/(end weight-start weight) during the measurement period)
3. Test results
After the investigation for 60 days, the results of weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate and the like of the probiotic fermented feed group and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group are shown in table 8:
TABLE 8
And calculating the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake by individuals, counting the feed conversion rate, and performing single-factor variance analysis and statistical treatment on the obtained data. We conclude the following.
4. Conclusion
i. Average daily gain: the test result shows that the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group is improved by 22.3 percent compared with the probiotic fermented feed group, and the data difference between the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the probiotic fermented feed group is obvious (variance analysis between groups, P is less than 0.05).
Average daily food intake: the average daily feed intake of the sheep of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group is increased by 9.8 percent compared with that of the probiotic fermented feed group, and meanwhile, the data difference between the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the probiotic fermented feed group is obvious (variance analysis among groups, P is less than 0.05).
And iii, in the aspect of feed conversion rate (feed conversion ratio), the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group is improved compared with the probiotic fermented group, and the feed conversion rate is reduced by about 9.7 percent.
Third, the test of fattening cattle bred by traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed/probiotic fermented feed
1. Materials and methods:
i. the feeding condition of each group of the feed is the same as the above experiment of breeding and fattening pigs.
Test animals and groups:
10 Simmental beef cattle with similar weight of 6-7 months are selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The feeding period is 30 days.
iii feeding management
The feed of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the feed of the probiotic fermented feed group are respectively fed. The test cattle are all raised in the same fattening house, and are immunized according to the immunization program of the cattle farm and are repelled according to the conventional program and method. Test cattle only eat and drink water freely, the colony house is cleaned regularly every day, and the feeding management conditions of all groups are completely consistent except that the test additives are different.
2. Measurement items
i. Average daily food intake:
the material is agglomerated every 5d in a repeating group unit. Weighing and settling the feed.
Daily food consumption is (initial weight of feed-weight of feed powder)/feeding days.
Average daily gain:
the weight is respectively weighed once at the beginning and the end of the test (early morning empty stomach), and the measurement index of the growth speed is the average daily gain of the growing and fattening cattle in a certain period, namely the average daily gain.
Average daily gain (g) ═ end weight-start weight/day of feed.
Feed conversion ratio:
the feed amount consumed by the fattening cattle per 1kg of weight gain in one stage.
Feed conversion ratio (total feed consumption/(end weight-start weight) during the measurement period)
3. Test results
After the investigation for 30 days, the results of weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate of the probiotic fermented feed group and the Chinese medicinal fermented feed group are shown in Table 9
TABLE 9
4. Conclusion
i. Average daily gain: the test result shows that the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group is improved by 14.8 percent compared with the probiotic fermented feed group, and the data difference between the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the probiotic fermented feed group is obvious (variance analysis between groups, P is less than 0.05).
Average daily food intake: the average daily feed intake of the cattle in the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group is increased by 11.6 percent compared with that of the probiotic fermented feed group, and meanwhile, the data difference between the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the probiotic fermented feed group is obvious (variance analysis among groups, P is less than 0.05).
And iii, in the aspect of feed conversion rate (feed conversion ratio), the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group is improved compared with the probiotic fermented group, and the feed conversion rate is reduced by about 2.79 percent.
Fourth, traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed/probiotic fermented feed dairy cow breeding milk production comparison test
1. Materials and methods:
i. the feeding condition of each group of the feed is the same as the above experiment of breeding and fattening pigs.
Test animals and groups:
10 Chinese Holstein cows with similar body weights and about 100 days in the lactation period are selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The feeding period is 30 days.
iii feeding management
Feeding the concentrated feed part of the test cattle with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the probiotic fermented feed group respectively, wherein the green and coarse feed is fed by the cattle farm uniformly; the test cattle are all raised in different colony houses in the same breeding area; the test cattle are immunized according to the immunization program of a cattle farm, and the insects are repelled according to the conventional program and method; the test cattle can only drink water freely, and the feeding of the concentrated feed is carried out by the feeding personnel at regular time and in sufficient quantity; cleaning the colony house regularly every day, wherein the feeding management conditions of all groups are completely consistent except that the test concentrated feed is added differently.
2. Measurement items
i. Average daily food intake:
the material is agglomerated every 5d in a repeating group unit. Weighing and settling the feed.
Daily food consumption is (initial weight of feed-weight of feed powder)/feeding days.
Daily milk yield:
test cows were milked per group daily and the resulting average milk production per group was recorded.
Feed conversion ratio:
during the test period, the cows consumed only 1kg of milk per cow produced.
Feed conversion ratio (total feed consumption during measurement period/total milk production during measurement period)
3. Test results
After the investigation for 30 days, the results of the average daily milk yield, feed intake, feed conversion rate, and the like of the probiotic fermented feed group and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group are shown in table 10.
The daily average milk yield of the probiotic fermented feed group versus the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group during the test period is shown in fig. 2. It should be noted that the daily milk yield of the cows in the lactation period of 100 days is gradually reduced in the lactation prosperity/middle period. The curve therefore also falls overall.
4. Conclusion
Tests show that the average daily milk yield of the cattle fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed is 4.72 percent higher than that of the probiotic fermented group, and the daily feed intake and the feed conversion rate are both superior to those of the probiotic fermented group. As shown in figure 2, the reduction rate of the daily average milk yield of the test cattle fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed is obviously superior to that of the probiotic feed group.
Fifth, summary of the test
The fattening test of pigs, sheep and cattle using the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed group and the probiotic fermented feed group shows that the feed has the effect of promoting the growth of the pigs, the sheep and the cattle. The fattening pig/sheep/cattle fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed only has more daily gain and average daily feed intake. The feed conversion rate is more economical. In the milk cow breeding test, the cattle fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed also have more excellent performance in the aspect of daily milk yield.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The application of a traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product in preparing feed or a feed additive is characterized in that the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is residue obtained by carrying out alcohol precipitation treatment on decoction of the following traditional Chinese medicines, wherein the traditional Chinese medicines comprise rhizoma nardostachyos, pseudo-ginseng, codonopsis pilosula and rhizoma polygonati which account for more than 80% of the total weight of the medicines, and each medicine accounts for the mass ratio of the total weight of the medicines: 15 to 25 percent of nard, 3 to 10 percent of pseudo-ginseng, 20 to 40 percent of radix codonopsitis and 30 to 50 percent of rhizoma polygonati.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the Chinese medicinal composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total weight of each medicament: 20 plus or minus 3 percent of nard, 6 plus or minus 2 percent of pseudo-ginseng, 30 plus or minus 5 percent of codonopsis pilosula and 40 plus or minus 5 percent of rhizoma polygonati;
the Chinese medicinal composition also comprises one or more other medicinal materials selected from: acanthopanax, silk moth, fructus amomi, hawthorn, roasted epimedium herb, tuckahoe, yam, mulberry, astragalus, medlar, prepared rehmannia root, dried orange peel and rhizoma alismatis.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is a residue product produced during the preparation process of traditional Chinese medicine "heart-stabilizing granules".
4. The use of claim 1, wherein the chinese medicinal extract residue product is obtained by a method comprising: concentrating decoction of Chinese medicinal materials into paste, adding ethanol to make ethanol content reach 60-70%, stirring, standing, and removing supernatant.
5. The use of claim 4, wherein the decoction of the Chinese herbs is obtained by the following method: separately decocting rhizoma Nardostachyos, radix Codonopsis, rhizoma Polygonati and other medicinal materials or mixing them at a certain ratio in water; pulverizing Notoginseng radix into powder, extracting with 80% ethanol, and decocting in water; mixing decoctions of the above materials, and filtering;
the density of the pasty concentrate is 1.20-1.30 g/mL, ethanol is added at 60 ℃ to enable the alcohol content to reach 65%, and after stirring, the pasty concentrate is kept stand for more than 24 hours to remove supernatant.
6. The use of claim 1, wherein the residue product of the extraction of Chinese herbs is used in the preparation of feed or feed additive by secondary fermentation.
7. Use according to claim 1, wherein the feed or feed additive is a functional feed or functional feed additive having one or more of the following functions: (1) promoting animal fattening, (2) promoting animal growth, (3) improving animal immunity, (4) improving animal feed intake, (5) improving feed conversion rate, (6) reducing diarrhea, and (7) improving animal milk yield.
8. A feed or feed additive product comprises a traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product is residue obtained by carrying out alcohol precipitation treatment on decoction of the following traditional Chinese medicines, and the traditional Chinese medicines comprise rhizoma nardostachyos, pseudo-ginseng, codonopsis pilosula and rhizoma polygonati which account for more than 80% of the total weight of the medicines, wherein each medicine accounts for the mass ratio of the total weight of the medicines: 15 to 25 percent of nard, 3 to 10 percent of pseudo-ginseng, 20 to 40 percent of radix codonopsitis and 30 to 50 percent of rhizoma polygonati.
9. The feed or feed additive product of claim 8 wherein the feed or feed additive is a functional feed or functional feed additive having one or more of the following functions: (1) promoting animal fattening, (2) promoting animal growth, (3) improving animal immunity, (4) improving animal feed intake, (5) improving feed conversion rate, (6) reducing diarrhea, and (7) improving animal milk yield.
10. The feed or feed additive product of claim 8, wherein the amount of the Chinese herb extract residue product in the feed or feed additive raw material is more than 10%, preferably 15% -30%; the other raw material components in the feed or the feed additive comprise: 1-20% of corncob powder, 1-15% of hawthorn powder, 1-15% of jujube powder, 1-15% of wild jujube pulp powder, 1-10% of molasses, 0-50% of other additive feed raw materials, wherein the other additive feed raw materials comprise one or more of grain raw grain, soybean meal, corn, fish meal, amino acid, miscellaneous meal, additives, whey powder, grease, meat and bone meal, grains and the like;
the feed or feed additive product is obtained by mixing the traditional Chinese medicine extraction residue product and other raw material components according to a metering ratio, and performing secondary fermentation by using one or more of lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and bacillus.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114947004A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-30 | 清华德人西安幸福制药有限公司 | Application of traditional Chinese medicine extract precipitate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114947004A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-30 | 清华德人西安幸福制药有限公司 | Application of traditional Chinese medicine extract precipitate |
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