CN108887173A - A kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making - Google Patents
A kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making Download PDFInfo
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- CN108887173A CN108887173A CN201810783398.9A CN201810783398A CN108887173A CN 108887173 A CN108887173 A CN 108887173A CN 201810783398 A CN201810783398 A CN 201810783398A CN 108887173 A CN108887173 A CN 108887173A
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- 241000207961 Sesamum Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000560539 Osmia cornifrons Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930014456 matrine Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the fields of cotton sterile lines seed making, more particularly to a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making, the male parent and female parent of cotton are alternately planted in cotton field, it is pollinated simultaneously using honeybee and wall bee to cotton, the honeybee beehive is alternately equally spacedly arranged in cotton field, and the wall bee beehive is evenly distributed in cotton field.Honeybee and wall bee are dexterously combined and are pollinated jointly for cotton sterile line by the present invention, it carries out scientific design by the factors such as bee time of putting and put of release time to honeybee and the dispensing ratio of quantity, honeybee and wall bee, the release time of wall bee, the supply volume of wall bee, wall bee and improves pollination efficiency, save breeding cost.
Description
Technical field
This research is related to the field of cotton sterile lines seed making, and in particular to a kind of honeybee and wall bee are combined into cotton in full-bloom stage
Flower sterile line is efficiently pollinated, and guarantees the producing method for seed of Pollination Effect.
Background technique
The preparation of sterile line is the inevitable link of three-line cotton hybrid.Currently, mainly applying artificial pollination method.With
Labor wage increasingly improves, and artificial pollination cost is also gradually increased；Pollination personnel are also difficult to find the personnel of fixed profession, must
So influence pollination efficiency；And artificial pollination also has an impact to seed production purity there is also the possibility of string powder.Honeybee pollination not only can be with
Increase yield, the viability that can also improve seed quality, improve offspring is conducive to the improvement of ecological environment and ensures people's
Health.
Therefore, far-reaching using the remarkable in economical benefits of honeybee pollination, ecological benefits.But honeybee flying distance is remote, and honeybee
It is affected by weather, it is obviously poor to encounter rainy days Pollination Effect, therefore influence yield.
Wall bee is generally used for the plant to bloom in early spring, therefore temperature can come out at 12 DEG C or more from cocoon.It will
The wall bee that subsidiary company is bought is stored in refrigerator, carries out putting bee to cotton Post flowering.Wall bee belongs to Apoidea (Apoidea) and cuts
A wall bee category (Osmia) in Tenthredinidae (Megachilidae).Many results of study show this bee be apple, pears, peach,
The excellent insect pollinator of the rosaceaes such as cherry, apricot and Lee fruit tree and Kiwi berry etc., this bee Natural Survival reproductive capacity is strong, disposition temperature
With without feeding, it had 320 days or so in 1 year lives in tube nest, live 40 days or so in pollination activity outside tube nest, just
It is cheap in putting management in a suitable place to breed, out after tube nest, do not carry any pollen, pollination health, especially flying distance is close, to the production of hybrid seeds every
It is low from required distance, it is not influenced by weather conditions such as cloudy days.
The honeybee that the present invention uses is apis mellifera, and its feature is that bee colony group's gesture is strong, educates worm power extra-heavy, visit is spent specially
One, pollination amount is big, transportable property, trainability, complete way to manage and the characteristics such as have a wide range of application.Wall bee of the invention makes
It is Osmia cornifrons, feature is to carry pollen with the belly wool brush acquisition of venter, and low temperature resistant, visit is spent high-efficient.
Colony swarming is very weak.The bee colony of extra-heavy saves a large amount of management labours.Since Apis mellifera kiss is longer, it can use
For red clover pollination.It makes spleen superior performance, and honey lid is pure white, can produce ceromel.Apis mellifera secretes the ability extra-heavy of royal jelly,
And it is apt to adopt storage pollinia.In summer and autumn, more natural gum is often acquired.Clear nest ability is strong, anti-nest worm.But Apis mellifera is overwintering with strong group,
Foodstuff consumption is big.Compared with high latitude area, overwintering difficulty.When early spring educates worm, worker bee is often endured cold loss, thus spring group's gesture hair
It is slow to open up.It is big due to consuming if summer honey flow is bad, it is easy to appear feed shortage.
Before making the present invention, applicant has been engaged in large quantities about honeybee, wall bee for cotton sterile lines seed making pollination shadow
Loud basic research work.
Such as：Delivered before the filing date periodical (《Wall bee and honeybee are special to the pollination of cotton cytoplasm male sterility line
Property compares》,《Cotton Science》, the 4th phase of volume 28 in 2016) in, it describes honeybee and wall bee is used alone to cotton not respectively
Educating the pollination characters for being influences.But no matter be single use honeybee, be also single use wall bee and still have, production of hybrid seeds rate
It is not high, the problems such as cost control is bad.In addition, be pollination in small-scale solarium involved in this article, and the present invention relates to
It is the crop field pollination of open environment, the difficulty that the two faces is entirely different, such as beehive setting, the quantity control of honeybee and wall bee
System, prevents " fleeing from " etc..
Therefore, a large amount of basic research work completed before the filing date based on applicant, in conjunction with honeybee and wall bee
The characteristics of pollination, applicant for the first time propose by cotton field by honeybee beehive and wall bee beehive rational deployment, using one
Fixed ratio setting, seek a kind of efficiency that can improve cotton sterile lines seed making and reduce pollination cost needs newly
Technical concept and technical solution, the cotton sterile lines seed making rate solved in the presence of currently available technology is not high, cost control
The technical problems such as bad.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of utilization honeybee and wall bee phase to solve the problems, such as that existing cotton sterile lines seed making exists
In conjunction with pollinating method.
The present invention is implemented by the following technical programs：
1. the selection in sterile lines seed making field：
Select 5 kilometers of periphery without cotton planting, other crop plantings also less plot.It is raised fruit trees due to local
More, such plot is easier to find.
2. the plantation of cotton parent material：
Cotton sterile line male parent, female parent press 1：3 ratio is planted respectively.Mu strain number is 2800-3000 plants.Take father
The mode that female parent is alternately planted, i.e. 1 row male parent, 3 rows are maternal.
3. the plantation of nectariferous plant：
Under open condition, the flying distance of honeybee farther out, so nectariferous plant is particularly important for the attraction of honeybee.This hair
It is bright to select sesame as nectariferous plant, the reason is that：The florescence of sesame and cotton can meet, and that be like sesame flowers is more, and the florescence is longer,
Honeybee prefers the nectar of sesame, it was proved that, this nectariferous plant is successful.
4. the bee of putting of honeybee and wall bee is laid out as shown in Figure of description 1：
1 is male parent, and 2 be female parent, and 3 be wall bee beehive placement location, and 4 be honeybee beehive placement location, and 5 be nectariferous plant kind
Plant position.
The honeybee beehive that is mainly characterized by of the layout is experimental field being arranged alternately, and wall bee beehive is distributed in experimental field
Between.Nectariferous plant sesame in surrounding and among.A honeybee beehive and a wall bee beehive is arranged in 1 mu of ground.
5. the combination of honeybee and wall bee
The release time of honeybee：By the end of June, the flowering rate of cotton sterile line reaches 10%-30%, at this time by honeybee beehive
It moves in, honeybee carries out adapting to cotton pollen and nectar, and due to there is nectariferous plant sesame, honeybee can be attracted, and not have major part
Honeybee flies away from experimental plot.
Before entering full-bloom stage, once be sprayed insecticide (the less toxic matrine of selection and health are wide etc.), general residual
The phase is stayed there was only one day, smaller to the harm of honeybee, general honeybee in afternoon will be behind honeybee beehive removal plot safe area after returning nest
It sprays, the next morning can be moved in and pollinate.Pollination work is not delayed.
The release time of wall bee：Mid-July, depending on annual specific full-bloom stage, full-bloom stage a few days ago.Due to containing
The flower amount at florescence is larger, around blooms without other crops, and wall bee flying distance is closer etc., therefore full-bloom stage is selected to launch wall bee
Pollination efficiency can be made to greatly improve.And every 5 points of of wall bee, increase by 25 yuan per acre, this can be described as quite cheap.
The dispensing ratio of honeybee and wall bee：Honeybee presses 1 mu of 1 hive bee of ground (5000 or so), and the worker bee that pollinates is on 3000 left sides
It is right.Wall bee launches 1000, and pollination queen bee is about that the practical pollination ratio of 500, i.e. honeybee and wall bee are 6：1.
Wall bee is put：Setting wall bee is placed in experimental field center, the i.e. center of honeybee beehive, first is that honeybee can be supplemented
The deficiency of pollination, but since wall bee is solitary property, its flying activity is unordered therefore among plot, is conducive to wall
Bee finds honeycomb, without disorderly flying to can not find honeycomb.
Wall bee puts the bee time：Select at candlelight to divide, beehive opening is southwest, is conducive to wall bee and recognizes nest.
1000 wall bees are launched per acre, and wall bee mates putting bee second day, starts to pollinate later.Wall bee is in cotton
Pollination feature on piece is that the influence of weather conditions is smaller, and the cloudy day, which rains, also goes out nest acquisition pollen, and high temperature also goes out nest and acquires pollen.
Tests prove that wall bee is not only low temperature resistant, high temperature may also adapt to；Honeybee generally on 37 degree of temperature, understands some work
Bee is responsible for Skep cooling work, and reduces pollination work.In this way, in cotton full-bloom stage (usually or so mid-July), due to
Weather conditions (rainfall, cloudy day or high temperature etc.), the pollination activity of honeybee is opposite to be weakened, and is made up using wall bee, wall beekeeping equipment
Have the advantages that it is cheap, release and it is convenient for management, Pollination Effect is good, can satisfy between cotton sterile line full-bloom stage pollinate need
It asks.
Honeybee and wall bee are dexterously combined and are pollinated jointly for cotton sterile line by the present invention, improve pollination efficiency, are saved
Breeding cost.Emphasis of the invention be honeybee release time and the dispensing ratio of quantity, honeybee and wall bee, wall bee dispensing when
Between, the supply volume of wall bee, wall bee put and put the bee time.In cotton full-bloom stage (usually or so mid-July), due to day
Gas factor (rainfall, cloudy day or high temperature etc.), the pollination active receiving inside even from weather of honeybee and opposite can weaken, and utilize wall
Bee makes up, wall beekeeping equipment have the advantages that cheap, release and it is convenient for management, Pollination Effect is good, can satisfy cotton sterile line
It pollinates between full-bloom stage demand.There are also a bit：Honeybee is gregariousness, and the vigor for the bee colony that pollinates is also by the shadow of group's gesture in beehive
Ring, strong and weak there are many influence factor, such as the health of queen bee of group's gesture in beehive, young honeybee number and growing state etc.,
That is the situation in beehive changes, and just will affect Pollination Effect, to influence seed production efficiency.And wall is utilized in full-bloom stage
Bee can make up this defect to carry out pollination, unaffected between each other without queen bee because wall bee is solitary property.Full blossom
Flower on every plant of sterile line of phase is between 3-7, and the flowering rate of cotton sterile line reaches 80%-90%, with honeybee and wall bee
In conjunction with the Pollination Effect that can guarantee during full blossom.Because the yield of full-bloom stage directly determines the height of sterile lines seed making yield, because
Honeybee and the ingenious combination pollination of wall bee are that it is necessary to property by this.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of cotton field plantation arrangement schematic diagram of the method for cotton sterile lines seed making of the invention.
Description of symbols：1- cotton sterile line male parent；2- cotton sterile line is maternal；3- honeybee beehive；4- wall bee beehive；
5- nectariferous plant.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment：2017, the open experimental plot in Yuncheng Xia County, selecting area was 5 mu, and 5 kilometers of periphery
The inside not no isolation experiment in cotton field, specific method is：
As shown in Figure 1：The male parent 1 and female parent 2 of cotton are alternately planted in cotton field, while using honeybee and wall bee to cotton
It pollinates, the honeybee beehive 4 is alternately equally spacedly arranged in cotton field, and the wall bee beehive 3 is evenly distributed in cotton field；
Cotton sterile line male parent, female parent press 1：3 ratio is planted respectively；Mu strain number is 2800-3000 plants；Parent is taken to replace
The mode of plantation, i.e. 1 row male parent, 3 rows are maternal；Nectariferous plant is equably planted in the surrounding in cotton field and centre；The nectariferous plant
For sesame；The beehive quantity of honeybee and wall bee is pressed 1,1 mu of ground hive bee and is arranged；The honeybee selects apis mellifera, the wall
Bee selects Osmia cornifrons；：Honeybee presses 1 mu of 1 hive bee of ground (5000 or so), and the worker bee that pollinates is at 3000 or so.Wall bee is launched
1000, pollination queen bee is about 500, and the ratio of the practical pollination bee of honeybee and wall bee is about 6：1；It blooms in cotton sterile line
When rate reaches 10%-30, honeybee beehive is moved in into cotton field；When cotton sterile line flowering rate reaches 80%-90%, by wall bee bee
Case moves in cotton field；It selects between 17. -18 point in afternoon, wall bee beehive is moved in into cotton field, wall bee beehive is open towards southwestward；
It sprays insecticide before wall bee beehive is moved in cotton field, the pesticide is that matrine or health are wide, and the spraying time is honey in afternoon
After bee returns nest, sprayed after honeybee beehive is removed plot safe area before sprinkling, the next morning moves in cotton field again and awarded
Powder.
Comparative example 1：Identical as other conditions of embodiment 1, difference is to eliminate nectariferous plant.
Comparative example 2：Identical as other conditions of embodiment 1, difference is honeybee and Bi Feng beehive arbitrary placement.
Comparative example 3：Identical as other conditions of embodiment 1, difference is the ratio of the practical pollination bee of honeybee and wall bee
About：8：1.
Comparative example 4：According to《Wall bee is compared with honeybee is to the pollination characters of cotton cytoplasm male sterility line》(《Cotton is learned
Report》, the 4th phase of volume 28 in 2016) in introduce method, difference be to directly apply to this method in open experimental plot.
Artificial pollination is check experiment.
The pollination result table of table 1
It can be seen in table 1 that cotton sterile lines seed making method (embodiment) of the invention seed per mu yield and at
This two aspect is significantly better than that each comparative example, this has reacted nectariferous plant, honeybee and wall bee beehive layout, pollination bee ratio etc.
Factor all has final pollination result and significantly influences, and can also be seen that《Wall bee and honeybee are male to cotton cytoplasm
The pollination characters of property sterile line compare》(《Cotton Science》, the 4th phase of volume 28 in 2016) in introduce method be not suitable for opening
Formula crop field, these experimental datas demonstrate the present invention compared with the existing technology have substantive distinguishing features outstanding and significantly into
Step.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is noted that for this skill
For the those of ordinary skill in art field, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, can also make it is several improvement and
Modification, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making, it is characterised in that：The male parent and female parent of cotton replace in open cotton field
Plantation, while being pollinated using honeybee and wall bee to cotton, the honeybee beehive is alternately equally spacedly arranged in cotton field, institute
Wall bee beehive is stated to be evenly distributed in cotton field.
2. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cotton sterile line male parent, mother
This presses 1：3 ratio is planted respectively；Mu strain number is 2800-3000 plants；The mode for taking Parent alternately to plant, i.e. 1 row
Male parent, 3 rows are maternal.
3. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The surrounding in cotton field and centre are
Nectariferous plant is planted evenly.
4. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The nectariferous plant is sesame
Fiber crops.
5. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The beehive number of honeybee and wall bee
Amount is by 1 mu of 1, ground hive bee setting；The honeybee selects apis mellifera, and the wall bee selects Osmia cornifrons.
6. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Honeybee is actually awarded with wall bee
The ratio of powder bee is about 6：1.
7. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：In cotton sterile line flowering rate
When reaching 10%-30%, honeybee beehive is moved in into cotton field；When cotton sterile line flowering rate reaches 80%-90%, by wall bee bee
Case moves in cotton field.
8. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：Select 17. -18 point in afternoon
Between, wall bee beehive is moved in into cotton field, wall bee beehive is open towards southwestward.
9. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Wall bee beehive is being moved in into cotton
It sprays insecticide before field, the pesticide is that matrine or health are wide, will before sprinkling after the spraying time returns nest for honeybee in afternoon
Honeybee beehive sprays after removing plot safe area, and the next morning moves in cotton field again and pollinated.
10. a kind of method of cotton sterile lines seed making as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：5 kilometers of selected cotton field periphery
Interior no other cotton plantings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810783398.9A CN108887173B (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | Method for producing seeds of cotton sterile line |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810783398.9A CN108887173B (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | Method for producing seeds of cotton sterile line |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108887173A true CN108887173A (en) | 2018-11-27 |
| CN108887173B CN108887173B (en) | 2021-12-03 |
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| CN201810783398.9A Expired - Fee Related CN108887173B (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | Method for producing seeds of cotton sterile line |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111972282A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Production method of cotton genic male sterile dual-purpose line hybrid seeds |
| CN111972281A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Breeding method of cotton nuclear sterile dual-purpose line |
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| CN111972282A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Production method of cotton genic male sterile dual-purpose line hybrid seeds |
| CN111972281A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Breeding method of cotton nuclear sterile dual-purpose line |
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| CN108887173B (en) | 2021-12-03 |
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