CN108884506B - 用于对金属带进行热处理的方法和加热炉设备 - Google Patents

用于对金属带进行热处理的方法和加热炉设备 Download PDF

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CN108884506B
CN108884506B CN201780022619.4A CN201780022619A CN108884506B CN 108884506 B CN108884506 B CN 108884506B CN 201780022619 A CN201780022619 A CN 201780022619A CN 108884506 B CN108884506 B CN 108884506B
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皮埃尔-热鲁姆·博赫勒
埃里克·布雷克
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    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
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    • F27B9/047—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere the atmosphere consisting of protective gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F27B9/062—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated electrically heated
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    • F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对金属带(1)进行热处理的方法，其中借助于热气(6)将金属带(1)在预热区(3)内连续预热，且然后在直接火焰加热炉中在还原性和/或氧化性气氛内对金属带(1)进行进一步热处理。根据本发明，金属带(1)在预热区(3)内以热的保护气体(6)预热，且在金属带(1)进入到直接火焰加热炉(8)内之前以电加热系统(5)进一步加热金属带。本发明还涉及一种用于执行本发明的方法的加热炉设备。

Description

用于对金属带进行热处理的方法和加热炉设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对金属带进行热处理的方法，其中，借助于热气将金属带在预热区内预热，并且然后在直接火焰加热炉中在还原性和/或氧化性气氛内对金属带进行进一步热处理。本发明还涉及一种用于执行本发明的方法的加热炉设备。
背景技术
对金属带的热处理通常在金属带镀锌之前进行，或也在酸洗线之后在退火炉内进行。
US 5,770,838公开了用于金属带的带处理的加热炉，所述加热炉带有预热区、感应加热器和后继的加热区。
用于热处理的一个可能性是使用直接火焰加热炉(DFF，direct fired furnace)，其中燃烧器直接布置在加热炉内部内。在此加热炉中有借助于来自直接火焰加热炉的热气将被连续引导通过的金属带预热到大约200至300℃的预热区。金属带在热处理前具有氧化物层，所述氧化物层例如由于酸洗部分的冲水导致。此氧化物层基本上包括Fe2O3(三氧化二铁，赤铁矿)和Fe3O4(四氧化三铁，磁铁矿)。在预热区内，进一步建立此氧化物层，因为在直接火焰加热炉的尾气中仍存在氧和水蒸汽。但此氧化物层是有害的，因为此氧化物层在随后的在直接火焰加热炉内的内部氧化中阻碍氧向基底材料内的扩散。
通过氧向基底材料内的扩散可形成用作硅的扩散屏障的氧化硅，这是有利的。
因此，金属带然后根据现有技术在直接火焰加热炉内受到还原性气氛，为此燃烧器以过量燃料运行，即处于空气或氧缺乏状态下，使得燃烧产物具有高的CO和H2的含量，且因此具有还原性作用。有害的氧化铁层因此被消除。
然后，在直接火焰加热炉的端部处，金属带在高温下受到氧化性气氛，使得由此实现如硅或锰的合金元素的内部氧化。此外，也形成FeO(郁氏体)。
但在常规的直接火焰加热炉的情况下或在高生产率的情况下，用于内部氧化的驻留时间很短，这可能对于产品质量具有不利影响。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于对金属带进行热处理的方法，其中，改进了在直接火焰加热炉内的反应，尤其是改进了基底材料内的硅和锰的内部氧化。
此技术问题通过权利要求1所述的方法解决。根据本发明，将金属带在预热区内以热的保护气体预热，且附加地在金属带进入到直接火焰加热炉(DFF)内之前以电加热系统、优选地以感应加热器将所述金属带进一步加热。直接火焰加热炉的热尾气的热量在此用于预热用于预热区的保护气体。
通过在保护气体气氛内将金属带预热，防止了不希望的氧化物层的建立，且通过在直接火焰加热炉前的电加热系统可明显升高进入到加热炉内的金属带的进入温度，优选地升高到超过500℃。通过金属带的更高的进入温度，在直接火焰加热炉内用于化学反应、如还原或氧化的时间更长。
特别地，可由此更好地控制或更有效地执行金属带的基底材料的内部氧化。
优选地，金属带在预热区内借助于热氮气被加热到超过200℃，优选地超过300℃。然后，通过电加热系统将金属带进一步加热到超过350℃，优选地超过500℃。
有利的是电加热系统在保护气体气氛内加热金属带，优选地在氮气气氛内加热金属带。但也可考虑使得电加热系统在略还原的气氛内加热金属带，优选地在具有2％-3％的氢的氮气气氛内加热金属带。
尾气的热量也可用于预热用于直接火焰加热炉的燃烧器的燃烧空气。
本发明还涉及一种权利要求7所述的用于执行上述方法的加热炉设备。此加热炉设备具有预热区以及后继的直接火焰加热炉，在所述预热区内借助于热气预热金属带，所述直接火焰加热炉用于进一步热处理金属带。根据本发明，热气是保护气体，优选地是氮气，且附加地在预热区后且在直接火焰加热炉前布置用于进一步升高金属带的温度的电加热系统。直接火焰加热炉的尾气通过换热器加热用于预热的气体。
有利的是，电加热系统是感应加热器，或者，电加热系统内的气氛是保护气体气氛。
附图说明
在下文中根据两个附图描述本发明的实施例。各图为：
图1示出了加热炉设备的示意性结构；
图2示出了加热炉设备的热回收系统的示意性结构。
附图中相同的附图标号分别指示相同的设备部分或材料流。
具体实施方式
在图1中，金属带1以大约50℃的进入温度通过密封滚子对2连续地到达加热炉设备的预热区3内，且在该处被借助于热氮气6加热到大约200℃。热氮气6通过喷嘴直接吹到金属带1上。转向滚子4引导金属带1通过加热炉设备。与预热区3相衔接，借助于感应加热器5将金属带1在保护气体气氛内进一步加热到大约500℃。通过管线7也将氮气供给到此区域内。然后，金属带进入到直接火焰加热炉8内，在该处在开始区域8a内进一步加热金属带1，然后金属带在还原区8b内在大约720℃下在还原性气氛内被去除氧化物层。紧接着，被去除氧化物层的金属带1在大约760℃下受到氧化性气氛，其中，优选地在基底材料内进行内部氧化过程，从而形成氧化硅。然后，金属带通过密封滚子对2离开加热炉设备，且然后例如在另外的热处理和冷却之后将金属带供给至电镀锌设备。
在图2中图示了图1中的加热炉设备的热回收。来自直接火焰加热炉8的热气11在此以燃烧空气13富集且被供给至后燃烧装置9。在两个换热器10a和10b内且在锅炉12内获取热尾气11的热量，然后通过烟道14将尾气导出。当然，在导出前可进行相应的尾气净化。
在第一换热器10a内，用于加热炉8的燃烧器的燃烧空气13被950℃的热尾气加热到大约560℃。在第二换热器10b内，来自350℃的预热区的氮气又被加热到450℃，且又被供给至预热区以用于加热金属带1。
因为金属带1在进入到预热区3内前在所述金属带1的表面上部分地以水或也以碳氢化合物浸润，所以在封闭的氮循环中水蒸汽和碳氢化合物汇聚在预热区3内。为避免此情况，将一部分氮气从预热区3移除并以新鲜的氮气替换，如在图2中以双箭头所示。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于对金属带(1)进行热处理的方法，其中，通过热气(6)将所述金属带(1)在预热区(3)内预热，并且然后在直接火焰加热炉(8)中在还原性和/或氧化性气氛内对所述金属带(1)进行进一步热处理，其特征在于，所述金属带(1)被在所述预热区(3)内以热的保护气体(6)预热，且在所述金属带(1)进入到所述直接火焰加热炉(8)内之前以电加热系统(5)进一步加热所述金属带(1)，其中，将所述直接火焰加热炉(8)的尾气(11)的热量用于预热用于所述预热区(3)的保护气体(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电加热系统(5)是电感加热器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属带(1)在所述预热区(3)的保护气体气氛内被加热到超过200℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属带(1)在所述预热区(3)的保护气体气氛内被加热到直至300℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，通过电加热系统将所述金属带(1)加热到超过350℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，通过电加热系统将所述金属带(1)加热到超过500℃。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电加热系统(5)在保护气体气氛内内加热所述金属带(1)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保护气体气氛是氮气气氛。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电加热系统(5)在还原性气氛内内加热所述金属带(1)。
10.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述还原性气氛是带有2％至3％的氢的氮气气氛。
11.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述直接火焰加热炉(8)的尾气(11)的热量用于预热用于所述直接火焰加热炉(8)的燃烧器的燃烧空气(13)。
12.一种用于对金属带(1)进行热处理的加热炉设备，所述加热炉设备带有预热区(3)以及后继的直接火焰加热炉(8)，用于预热的热气(6)能够被供给到所述预热区内，所述直接火焰加热炉用于对所述金属带(1)进行进一步热处理，其特征在于，所述热气(6)是保护气体，并且在所述预热区(3)后且在所述直接火焰加热炉(8)前布置用于进一步升高所述金属带(1)的温度的电加热系统(5)，其中，所述直接火焰加热炉(8)的尾气(11)被供给至换热器(10b)，通过该换热器将来自所述尾气(11)的热量供给至用于预热的气体。
13.根据权利要求12所述的加热炉设备，其特征在于，所述电加热系统(5)是感应加热器。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的加热炉设备，其特征在于，所述电加热系统(5)内的气氛是保护气体气氛。
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