CN108884356A - 用于涂覆引擎活塞的抗摩擦润滑剂 - Google Patents

用于涂覆引擎活塞的抗摩擦润滑剂 Download PDF

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CN108884356A
CN108884356A CN201780019640.9A CN201780019640A CN108884356A CN 108884356 A CN108884356 A CN 108884356A CN 201780019640 A CN201780019640 A CN 201780019640A CN 108884356 A CN108884356 A CN 108884356A
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weight
composition
coating
coating composition
piston
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D·莱特兹曼
M·布鲁姆
T·富尔曼
M·丹恩菲尔德特
A·亚当
J·瑞腾斯派斯
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Federal Mogul Nuernberg GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机活塞用的涂层组合物。该组合物包含10重量％‑30重量％的酚醛树脂、10重量％‑30重量％的环氧树脂、10重量％‑30重量％的选自由石墨、MoS2、WS2和BN组成的组的至少一种固体润滑剂和5重量％‑30重量％的Fe2O3颗粒。

Description

用于涂覆引擎活塞的抗摩擦润滑剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机活塞用的涂层组合物，特别是一种活塞轴用的涂层组合物。
背景技术
为了减少机动车辆的二氧化碳排放，尤其需要减少动力传动系统中的能量损失。大量的能量损失是由活塞轴和气缸之间的摩擦引起的。
因此，活塞轴的涂层必须具有低摩擦系数。为了保证涂层的足够的使用寿命，涂层同时必须具有高耐磨性。例如，对由于反复的冷启动而具有高度磨耗的引擎运行状态，特别需要高抗性或耐磨性。特别是要避免活塞轴的承重区域中的涂层的通过。
在现有技术中，已知可用于此目的的多种活塞涂层。
例如，DE 102010 047279A1描述了一种活塞涂层，其由低摩擦外磨合层和低磨耗内层组成。内层由嵌入有陶瓷颗粒、芳香族聚酰胺纤维和/或碳纤维的聚合物基质组成，外层由分散有固体润滑剂颗粒的聚合物基质组成。
在DE 102009 002716A1中描述的涂层中，固体润滑剂颗粒和碳纤维用于基于酚醛树脂的基质中。
DE 102008 055194A1公开了一种在基板上施加有至少一个滑动层的滑动元件。该滑动层是包含可交联的粘合剂、高熔点热塑性塑料或duroplast作为基质的减摩漆。该基质包含Fe2O3。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种活塞用涂层组合物，其优于已知的涂层，并且针对在活塞轴上的使用已被优化。特别地，提供一种涂层组合物，其易于制造、易于通过印刷方法施加并且具有优异的摩擦和磨耗性能。
该目的通过权利要求1所述的涂层组合物来达成。
出乎意料的是，本发明的组合物产生了这样一种涂层，其性质，例如柔韧性、粘合性、耐磨性和摩擦系数，最佳地适于活塞的条件。此外，本发明的组合物可以以简单且有成本效益的方式生产，并且可以通过印刷方法容易地施加于活塞。这些性质是通过使用特定量的成分(酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、固体润滑剂和Fe2O3)来实现的。因此，例如，更低量的Fe2O3导致性质的劣化，例如更低的耐磨性。
本发明的组合物包含作为基质材料的优选为热固化性的酚醛树脂。热固化性酚醛树脂，即所谓的甲阶酚醛树脂(resol)，可以通过羟基交联，这与酚醛清漆相反。优选使用平均分子量为500至1500g/mol的酚醛树脂。
作为另外的基质材料，本发明的组合物包含环氧树脂。环氧树脂的添加提高了层与金属表面的粘合性以及其柔韧性。为此目的，优选使用分子量为2000至4000g/mol且环氧当量>700g/mol的双酚A类环氧树脂。
在本发明中，这些树脂优选作为溶剂中的溶液使用。溶剂的选择主要针对所施加的涂层的类型，并且不影响硬化涂层的性质。活塞的涂覆通常通过丝网印刷法进行。对于这种应用，特别优选具有高沸点的溶剂。合适的溶剂是例如乙二醇丁醚乙酸酯、乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇、二丙二醇丁醚和乙二醇丁醚。
作为另一选择，酚醛树脂和/或环氧树脂也可以作为水可稀释的分散体使用。在本发明中，所用的聚合物分散体可以在纯水中或水-溶剂组合物中以稀释形式提供。共溶剂可以是例如丁基乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇正丁基醚或石油溶剂油(white spirit)。水/溶剂比优选为1:2以上，最优选为1:1以上。
基于整个组合物，酚醛树脂以及环氧树脂的用量为10重量％至30重量％。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中，本发明的组合物包含比例为1:3至3:1的酚醛树脂和环氧树脂。
将石墨、MoS2、WS2、BN或其混合物作为固体润滑剂添加到组合物中。优选使用石墨和MoS2的混合物。可以使用本领域技术人员通常已知的固体润滑剂级别。优选使用平均晶粒尺寸为1至100μm、最优选为5至50μm的石墨。优选使用平均晶粒尺寸为0.1至50μm、最优选为0.1至10μm的二硫化钼。优选使用平均晶粒尺寸为1至100μm、最优选为1至20μm的六方晶系变型的氮化硼。
上述固体润滑剂的晶粒尺寸可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方式以散射光法测定。
基于组合物总量，固体润滑剂或固体润滑剂组合物的用量为10重量％至30重量％，优选为15重量％至20重量％。
作为另外的组分，本发明的组合物包含Fe2O3颗粒，其量为5重量％至30重量％，优选为10重量％至15重量％。
除了上述组分外，所述组合物可以进一步包含添加剂和助剂，例如流动控制添加剂、消泡剂、润湿剂、分散剂或流变添加剂。这些类型的添加剂常用于活塞涂层中，并且对技术人员来说是已知的。
本发明的涂层组合物可用于铝或钢的活塞。
可以通过已知的将涂层施加至表面的方法将所述涂层组合物施加在活塞上。这优选使用丝网印刷或喷涂工艺来完成。首先，将尚未交联的涂层组合物施加到待涂覆的表面上。然后将涂层组合物固化或交联。固化或交联可以通过热处理或通过辐射(例如紫外线辐射或红外线辐射)来进行。优选通过热处理或通过红外线辐射来进行。
本发明的组合物的各个成分有利地相互作用，以使得柔韧性、对活塞的粘合性、耐磨性、摩擦系数和适用性通过印刷工艺最佳地适于活塞上的条件。

Claims (9)

1.一种涂层组合物，特别是用于内燃机活塞的涂层组合物，基于整个所述组合物，所述组合物包含：
a)10重量％至30重量％的酚醛树脂；
b)10重量％至30重量％的环氧树脂；
c)10重量％至30重量％的选自由石墨、MoS2、WS2和BN组成的组的至少一种固体润滑剂；以及
d)5重量％至30重量％的Fe2O3颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的涂层组合物，其中，使用石墨和MoS2的固体润滑剂组合物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的涂层组合物，其进一步包含溶剂和添加剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的涂层组合物，其包含占整个所述涂层组合物20重量％至60重量％的量的溶剂和添加剂。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的涂层组合物，其包含15重量％至20重量％的固体润滑剂。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的涂层组合物，其包含10重量％至15重量％的Fe2O3颗粒。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的涂层组合物，其中，酚醛树脂与环氧树脂之比为1:3至3:1。
8.一种活塞，特别是内燃机的活塞，其至少部分地包含权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物的涂层。
9.如权利要求8所述的活塞，其中，活塞轴被涂覆。
CN201780019640.9A 2016-03-30 2017-02-22 用于涂覆引擎活塞的抗摩擦润滑剂 Pending CN108884356A (zh)

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