CN108866473B - Heat treatment method for 20CrNiMo dual gear - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for 20CrNiMo dual gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN108866473B CN108866473B CN201810665331.5A CN201810665331A CN108866473B CN 108866473 B CN108866473 B CN 108866473B CN 201810665331 A CN201810665331 A CN 201810665331A CN 108866473 B CN108866473 B CN 108866473B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for a 20CrNiMo dual gear, and relates to the field of heat treatment of dual gears. The heat treatment method sequentially comprises charging, heating, strong infiltration, diffusion, cooling and furnace disassembly. The invention has the following advantages and effects: before the workpiece is carburized, the workpiece is immersed into the barium gluconate solution, when the workpiece begins to be carburized, the barium gluconate is heated and decomposed, and ions and radicals decomposed by the barium gluconate permeate into the workpiece along with methanol and propane gas, so that the hardness of the workpiece after heat treatment is effectively improved, and the service life of the workpiece is prolonged. The carbon content of the surface of the workpiece just meets the requirement through 915 and 925 ℃ high temperature and 420min strong permeation stage; and then the carbon content of the center of the workpiece just meets the requirement through the high temperature of 915 and 925 ℃ and the first diffusion stage of 200min, the high temperature of 865 and 875 ℃ and the second diffusion stage of 10min, thereby preventing the workpiece from bending deformation or fracture during working and prolonging the service life of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat treatment of a dual gear, in particular to a heat treatment method of a 20CrNiMo dual gear.
Background
The duplicate gear is formed by connecting two gears into a whole. Such dual gears are known as slip gears in a gear train (transmission) and function to change the rotational speed or speed of the output shaft. The traditional duplicate gear needs to be subjected to heat treatment to increase the hardness of the duplicate gear during manufacturing.
Chinese patent No. CN105154633B discloses a rapid carburizing heat treatment process for a driving gear for an automobile differential, which comprises the following steps: 1) heating; 2) strong infiltration; 3) diffusing; 4) quenching; 5) cleaning; 6) and (6) tempering.
When the heat treatment process is applied to heat treatment of the dual gear made of 20CrNiMo, the hardness requirement of the dual gear made of 20CrNiMo is high, so that after the strong infiltration stage and the diffusion stage of the heat treatment, the hardness of the dual gear is difficult to meet the qualified hardness requirement, the hardness of the dual gear is too low, and the service life of the dual gear is shortened and needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a heat treatment method for a 20CrNiMo dual gear, which has the effect of prolonging the service life of the dual gear after heat treatment.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a heat treatment method of a 20CrNiMo dual gear is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: charging, namely soaking the workpiece into a barium gluconate solution for 1-2min, taking out the workpiece, draining, uniformly and horizontally placing the workpiece on an installation frame, and finally placing the installation frame in a carburizing furnace;
s2: heating, namely continuously heating the carburizing furnace to 915-925 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25-35 min;
s3: strongly permeating, keeping the temperature unchanged, introducing methanol and propane into the carburizing furnace, wherein the dropping speed of the methanol is 45-50ml/min, the introducing speed of the propane is 7-8L/min, and keeping for 410-430 min;
s4: the diffusion is carried out, and the diffusion,
s41, keeping the temperature inconvenient, reducing the introduction content of methanol and propane, wherein the dropping speed of the methanol is 35-40ml/min, the introduction speed of the propane is 5-6L/min, and keeping the temperature for 190-210 min;
s42, reducing the introduction content of the methanol and the propane again, wherein the dropping speed of the methanol is 25-30ml/min, the introduction speed of the propane is 3-4L/min, and the temperature is kept for 8-12min after continuously reducing to 865-5 ℃ at the same time;
s5: cooling, namely continuously reducing the temperature in the carburizing furnace to 105-115 ℃;
s6: and disassembling the furnace and taking all the workpieces down from the mounting rack.
By adopting the technical scheme, before the workpiece is carburized, the workpiece is immersed into the barium gluconate solution, when the workpiece begins to be carburized, the barium gluconate is heated and decomposed, and ions and radicals decomposed by the barium gluconate permeate into the workpiece along with methanol and propane gas, so that the hardness of the workpiece after heat treatment is effectively improved, and the service life of the workpiece is prolonged. And the carburizing furnace is heated to 915-925 ℃ and is kept for 25-35min, so that the temperature in the carburizing furnace reaches the temperature of workpiece strong penetration, and the carburizing furnace is in a constant temperature state, thereby being beneficial to the strong penetration of the workpiece. The surface hardness of the workpiece meets the requirement through the strong infiltration process of 410-430min, and the carbon content of the core hardness of the workpiece meets the requirement through diffusion in two stages, so that the surface hardness and the core hardness of the workpiece meet the hardness requirement, and the effect of prolonging the service life of the duplex gear after heat treatment is achieved.
The invention is further provided with: the carbon potential CP of the S2 strong penetration stage is 1.1 +/-0.05.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the carbon potential too high can lead to the carbon content increase of work piece, the carbon content increase can lead to the surface of work piece to appear carbon black for the work piece is more fragile, and the work piece breaks easily or damages promptly, and then leads to the work piece not up to standard. And because the carbon potential is too low, the carbon content of the workpiece is reduced, the carbon content is reduced, the hardness of the surface of the workpiece is reduced, the pressure bearing capacity of the surface of the workpiece is reduced, and the service life of the workpiece is further reduced, so that the carbon potential CP of the workpiece at the strong infiltration stage is 1.1 +/-0.05 through the high temperature of 915 and 925 ℃, the carbon content of the workpiece just meets the requirement, and the service life of the workpiece is further effectively prolonged.
The invention is further provided with: the time of the S2 strong infiltration stage is 420 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the heat preservation time at the strong infiltration stage is the most main factor influencing the carbon potential, the carbon content of the workpiece is increased due to overhigh time, so that the workpiece is brittle, and the service life of the workpiece is further shortened. And because the carbon content of the workpiece can not reach the standard due to too low time, the carburization of the workpiece can be uneven, the hardness of the surface of the workpiece is reduced, and the service life of the workpiece can be reduced, so that the heat preservation time is set to 420min, the carbon content of the surface of the workpiece reaches the hardness standard in the time state, the workpiece after heat treatment is prevented from being too brittle or too soft, and the service life of the workpiece is effectively prolonged.
The invention is further provided with: the carbon potential CP of the S41 diffusion phase was 0.8. + -. 0.05.
By adopting the technical scheme, the diffusion stage means that carbon permeates into the center of the workpiece, because the carbon content of the center of the workpiece is lower than that of the surface of the workpiece, but the carbon content of the center of the workpiece cannot be too low, the center of the workpiece is softer due to too low carbon content of the center of the workpiece, and further the workpiece is easy to deform in the use process; the carbon content of the center of the workpiece is too high, so that the center of the workpiece is brittle, and the workpiece is easy to break in the using process. Therefore, the carbon potential CP is 0.8 +/-0.05, so that the carbon content of the center of the workpiece can reach the hardness required by the workpiece, and the service life of the workpiece is further effectively prolonged.
The invention is further provided with: the diffusion phase time of S41 was 200 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the carbon content in the center of the workpiece is increased due to overlong diffusion time, so that the workpiece is easy to break; too short diffusion time can also reduce the carbon content in the center of the workpiece, so that the workpiece is easy to bend and deform, and therefore the heat preservation time is set to 200min, so that the carbon content in the center of the workpiece reaches the hardness standard in the time state, and the workpiece after heat treatment is prevented from being too brittle or too soft, and the service life of the workpiece is effectively prolonged.
The invention is further provided with: the carbon potential CP of the S42 diffusion phase was 0.7. + -. 0.05.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the step S42 is carried out, the temperature in the furnace needs to be reduced, the temperature of the workpiece is further reduced, and the workpiece can be decarburized, so that the workpiece is slowly carburized through the step S42, the carbon lost by the workpiece is supplemented, the carburization process is more uniform, the hardness of the surface and the center of the workpiece is effectively improved, and the service life of the workpiece is further prolonged.
The invention is further provided with: the time for the S42 diffusion phase was 10 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the time of the S42 diffusion stage is set to be 10min, so that the carburization process of the center of the workpiece is more uniform, the deformation quantity of the workpiece can be effectively reduced, the carbon content of each position of the center of the workpiece is consistent, the hardness of the center of the workpiece is effectively improved, and the service life of the workpiece is prolonged.
The invention is further provided with: before the furnace is disassembled, the workpieces at the upper and lower four corners of the mounting frame are respectively inspected one by one, and the furnace can be disassembled after the workpieces are detected to be qualified.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the work piece in mounting bracket four corners appears substandard phenomenon most easily when thermal treatment, consequently with the work piece censorship of four corners, when the work piece in four corners meets standard, prove that other work pieces have reached the standard simultaneously, and then utilize the work piece in four corners as the reference object, can conveniently learn the qualification degree of whole stove work piece.
The invention is further provided with: the carburizing furnace needs air cooling for 60min and then the next furnace is carried out.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the carburizing furnace is after using, can remain methyl alcohol and propane in the carburizing furnace, when passing through methyl alcohol and propane with same low-speed and content, originally remaining methyl alcohol and propane can increase the methyl alcohol and the propane content in the stove, and then can cause the influence to the work piece of next stove, consequently after 60min of air cooling, methyl alcohol and propane in the carburizing furnace discharge totally, and then improve next stove work piece heat treatment accuracy.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. before carburizing a workpiece, the workpiece is immersed into a barium gluconate solution, when the workpiece begins to be carburized, barium gluconate is heated and decomposed, ions and radicals decomposed by the barium gluconate permeate into the workpiece along with methanol and propane gas, the hardness of the workpiece after heat treatment is effectively improved, and the service life of the workpiece is prolonged when the workpiece is used.
2. The carbon potential CP of the workpiece surface in the strong permeation stage is 1.1 +/-0.05 through 915 and 925 ℃ high temperature and 420min strong permeation stage, so that the carbon content of the workpiece surface just meets the requirement, and the service life of the workpiece is effectively prolonged;
3. through the high temperature of 915-;
4. the influence of the residual methanol and propane on the next furnace workpiece is reduced by completely discharging the residual methanol and propane in the carburizing furnace, and the heat treatment precision of the next furnace workpiece is further improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
A heat treatment method of a 20CrNiMo dual gear comprises the following steps:
s1: charging, namely soaking the workpiece into a barium gluconate solution for 1-2min, taking out the workpiece, draining, uniformly and horizontally placing the workpiece on an installation frame, and finally placing the installation frame in a carburizing furnace;
before the workpiece is carburized, the workpiece is immersed into the barium gluconate solution, when the workpiece begins to be carburized, barium gluconate on the outer surface of the workpiece is heated and decomposed, ions and radicals decomposed by the barium gluconate permeate into the workpiece along with methanol and propane gas, the hardness of the workpiece after heat treatment is effectively improved, and the service life of the workpiece is prolonged when the workpiece is used.
S2: heating, namely continuously heating the carburizing furnace to 915-925 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25-35min, preferably heating to 920 ℃;
s3: strong infiltration, namely maintaining the temperature in the furnace unchanged, and introducing methanol and propane into the carburizing furnace, wherein the dropping speed of the methanol is 45-50ml/min, the introducing speed of the propane is 7-8L/min, keeping the temperature for 410-430min, preferably keeping the temperature for 420min, at the moment, the workpiece is in a strong infiltration stage, and the carbon potential CP of the strong infiltration stage is 1.1 +/-0.05;
because the carbon potential is too high and the holding time is too long, the carbon content of the workpiece is increased, the carbon content is increased, the surface of the workpiece is blackened, the workpiece is brittle, namely the workpiece is easy to break or damage in the working process, the workpiece is not up to standard, and the service life of the workpiece is reduced. And because the carbon potential is too low and the heat preservation time is too short, the carbon content of the workpiece is reduced, the hardness of the surface of the workpiece is reduced due to the reduction of the carbon content, the pressure bearing capacity of the surface of the workpiece is further reduced, and the service life of the workpiece is also reduced.
Therefore, the carbon potential CP of the workpiece in the strong infiltration stage is 1.1 +/-0.05 through the high temperature of 915-925 ℃, and the heat preservation time is set to be 420min, so that the carbon content of the surface of the workpiece just meets the requirement, and the service life of the workpiece is effectively prolonged.
S4: the diffusion is carried out, and the diffusion,
s41, maintaining the temperature in the furnace inconvenient, reducing the introduction content of methanol and propane, wherein the dropping speed of methanol is 35-40ml/min, the introduction speed of propane is 5-6L/min, keeping 190-;
s42, reducing the introduction content of methanol and propane again, wherein the dropping speed of the methanol is 25-30ml/min, the introduction speed of the propane is 3-4L/min, and after continuously reducing the temperature to 865-5 ℃ at the same time, keeping the temperature for 8-12min, preferably 10min, wherein the workpiece is in a second diffusion stage, and the carbon potential CP of the second diffusion stage is 0.7 +/-0.05;
the diffusion stage means that carbon permeates into the center of the workpiece, because the carbon content of the center of the workpiece is lower than that of the surface of the workpiece, but the carbon content of the center of the workpiece cannot be too low. The carbon content of the center of the workpiece is too low, so that the center of the workpiece is softer, and the workpiece is easy to deform in the using process; the carbon content of the center of the workpiece is too high, so that the center of the workpiece is brittle, and the workpiece is easy to break in the using process.
Therefore, through the two diffusion stages of S41 and S42, the carbon content of the center of the workpiece can reach the hardness required by the workpiece, and the service life of the workpiece is effectively prolonged. Simultaneously, the carburization process of the center of the workpiece is more uniform through two diffusion stages of S41 and S42, so that the deformation amount of the heat treatment process of the workpiece can be effectively reduced, the carbon content of each position of the center of the workpiece is consistent, the hardness of the center of the workpiece is effectively improved, and the service life of the workpiece is prolonged.
S5: cooling, namely rapidly cooling the temperature in the carburizing furnace to 105-115 ℃;
s6: the furnace is disassembled, the workpieces at the upper and lower four corners of the mounting frame are respectively inspected one by one, the surface hardness and the core hardness are detected through a Rockwell hardness tester, the carburized effective layer depth is detected through a metallographic microscope, the effective layer depth of the inspected workpiece is 1.4-1.7mm, and therefore the inspected workpiece belongs to a qualified product, and all the workpieces are taken down from the mounting frame.
After all the workpieces are taken down, the carburizing furnace is air-cooled for 60min, and then the next furnace is carried out after methanol and propane which are remained in the carburizing furnace are discharged completely, so that the problem that when methanol and propane pass through at the same low speed and with the same content, the original methanol and propane which are remained can increase the content of methanol and propane in the furnace and influence the workpieces of the next furnace can be avoided, therefore, after the carburizing furnace is air-cooled for 60min, the methanol and the propane in the carburizing furnace are completely discharged completely, the influence of the remained methanol and the propane on the workpieces of the next furnace is further reduced, and the heat treatment precision of the workpieces of the next furnace is improved.
The specific embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make modifications without inventive contribution to the present embodiments as needed after reading the present specification, but are protected by the patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A heat treatment method of a 20CrNiMo dual gear is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: charging, namely soaking the workpiece into a barium gluconate solution for 1-2min, taking out the workpiece, draining, uniformly and horizontally placing the workpiece on a mounting rack, and finally placing the mounting rack in a carburizing furnace;
s2: heating, namely continuously heating the carburizing furnace to 915-925 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25-35 min;
s3: strongly permeating, keeping the temperature unchanged, introducing methanol and propane into the carburizing furnace, wherein the dropping speed of the methanol is 45-50mL/min, the introducing speed of the propane is 7-8L/min, and keeping for 410-430 min;
s4: the diffusion is carried out, and the diffusion,
s41, keeping the temperature unchanged, reducing the introduction content of methanol and propane, wherein the dropping speed of the methanol is 35-40mL/min, the introduction speed of the propane is 5-6L/min, and keeping the temperature for 190-210 min;
s42, reducing the introduction content of the methanol and the propane again, wherein the dropping speed of the methanol is 25-30mL/min, the introduction speed of the propane is 3-4L/min, and the temperature is kept for 8-12min after continuously reducing to 865-5 ℃ at the same time;
s5: cooling, namely continuously reducing the temperature in the carburizing furnace to 105-115 ℃;
s6: and disassembling the furnace and taking all the workpieces down from the mounting rack.
2. The heat treatment method of the 20CrNiMo dual gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon potential CP of the S3 strong penetration stage is 1.1 +/-0.05.
3. The heat treatment method of the 20CrNiMo dual gear as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the time of the S3 strong infiltration stage is 420 min.
4. The heat treatment method of the 20CrNiMo dual gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon potential CP of the S41 diffusion phase was 0.8. + -. 0.05.
5. The heat treatment method of the 20CrNiMo dual gear as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the diffusion phase time of S41 was 200 min.
6. The heat treatment method of the 20CrNiMo dual gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon potential CP of the S42 diffusion phase was 0.7. + -. 0.05.
7. The heat treatment method of the 20CrNiMo dual gear as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the time for the S42 diffusion phase was 10 min.
8. The heat treatment method of the 20CrNiMo dual gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the furnace is disassembled, the workpieces at the upper and lower four corners of the mounting frame are respectively inspected one by one, and the furnace can be disassembled after the workpieces are detected to be qualified.
9. The heat treatment method of the 20CrNiMo dual gear according to claim 8, characterized in that: the carburizing furnace needs air cooling for 60min and then the next furnace is carried out.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102373400A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-03-14 | 哈尔滨汇隆汽车箱桥有限公司 | Heat treatment method of spiral bevel gear of cargo truck on double-row rare earth carburization equipment |
| CN105154633A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏保捷锻压有限公司 | Rapid carburizing heat treatment technology of driving gear for automobile differential mechanism |
| CN106435348A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-02-22 | 马鞍山顺发机械制造有限公司 | Casting method of automobile engine cover |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1136060A (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-02-09 | Toa Steel Co Ltd | Quenching method for preventing heat treating strain in case hardening steel |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102373400A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-03-14 | 哈尔滨汇隆汽车箱桥有限公司 | Heat treatment method of spiral bevel gear of cargo truck on double-row rare earth carburization equipment |
| CN105154633A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏保捷锻压有限公司 | Rapid carburizing heat treatment technology of driving gear for automobile differential mechanism |
| CN106435348A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-02-22 | 马鞍山顺发机械制造有限公司 | Casting method of automobile engine cover |
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