CN115927830A - Heat treatment method for large-size bearing ring - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for large-size bearing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN115927830A CN115927830A CN202211622030.7A CN202211622030A CN115927830A CN 115927830 A CN115927830 A CN 115927830A CN 202211622030 A CN202211622030 A CN 202211622030A CN 115927830 A CN115927830 A CN 115927830A
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Abstract
The invention provides a heat treatment method of a large-size bearing ring, which comprises quenching and tempering, wherein the quenching comprises the steps of heating the bearing ring at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min for 840-860 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-4 hours; firstly, carrying out extrusion shaping on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, cooling the bearing ring to 110-130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/S, carrying out heat preservation for 30-40 min, carrying out pre-tempering, then immediately carrying out cryogenic treatment on the bearing ring in a liquid nitrogen mode for 1-1.5 h, wherein the tempering comprises placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, heating to 160-200 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation for 8h to complete tempering. According to the invention, the deformation probability of the bearing ring is reduced in the quenching step, the bearing ring with the hardness of 58-62 HRC and the deformation smaller than 1mm is obtained by the process scheme, and the deformation probability of the bearing ring is reduced while the comprehensive performances of the bearing ring such as strength, hardness and the like are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment method for a large-size bearing ring.
Background
The bearing ring is mainly made of high-carbon chromium steel, contains about 1% of carbon, is added with about 1.5% of chromium, and contains a small amount of hypereutectoid steel of manganese and silicon elements. Chromium can improve heat treatment performance, hardenability, structure uniformity and tempering stability, and can also improve the antirust performance and grinding performance of steel. Through quenching and tempering heat treatment, the good comprehensive performances such as hardness and the like of the bearing steel are improved. At present, the method is widely applied to the fields of military affairs, industry, agriculture, transportation and the like.
At present, a bearing ring is heated to a certain temperature, after heat preservation is carried out for a certain time, the bearing ring is subjected to conventional heat treatment in an oil cooling mode, and then is heated to finish tempering treatment.
However, after the large-size bearing ring is heated and is conventionally cooled by a cooling medium, the bearing ring has large deformation and can generate irregular deformation, the deformation is about 10mm, so a margin larger than 10mm is reserved before the heat treatment of the bearing ring, if the large-size bearing ring is deformed irregularly, the large-size bearing ring can be scrapped, and even if the large-size bearing ring is not scrapped, the margin is required to be removed by mechanical processing after the heat treatment, the mechanical processing time is prolonged, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for solving the problem of large heat treatment quenching deformation of a large-size bearing ring, and provides a method for combining a cooling mode with a cooling rate, so as to reduce the deformation probability generated by quenching, shorten the processing period for subsequent machining and reduce the production cost.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
heat treatment method for large-size bearing ring, namely, bearing ring with size larger than that
Comprises quenching and tempering, wherein the quenching step comprises heating the bearing ring to 840-860 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3-4 hours
Preferably, the quenching step comprises heating the bearing ring to 840-860 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3-4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, wherein the extrusion molding comprises the steps of heating the bearing ring, then immediately horizontally placing the bearing ring in an oil groove with controllable temperature, placing a tool platform at the bottom of the oil groove, extruding the bearing ring axially by the tool platform, and cooling the bearing ring to 110-130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/S in an oil pump circulating cooling mode;
taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, performing cryogenic treatment by adopting liquid nitrogen, keeping for 1-1.5 hours, and immediately performing tempering after the cryogenic treatment;
and (3) tempering: and (3) placing the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 160-200 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
Preferably, the bearing ring is cooled to 110-130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/S.
Preferably, the bearing ring is cooled to 120 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 to 5 ℃/S. Taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 30-40 min for pre-tempering.
Preferably, the bearing ring is cooled to 120 ℃ at the cooling rate of 4 ℃/S, taken out and put into a heating furnace for heat preservation for 30-40 min for pre-tempering.
Preferably, in the tempering step, the bearing ring is placed into a heating furnace to be heated to 160-200 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 8 hours to complete the tempering heat treatment.
Preferably, in the tempering step, the bearing ring is placed into a heating furnace to be heated to 180 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 8 hours to complete the tempering heat treatment.
Preferably, the cryogenic treatment is carried out using liquid nitrogen vapour.
Preferably, the quenching step heats the bearing ring to 840-860 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and keeps the temperature for 3-4 hours.
Preferably, the quenching step heats the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min and preserves the temperature for 3.5 hours.
Preferably, the tempering step is followed by a detection and machining step;
the detection step comprises the steps of detecting whether the hardness of the bearing ring meets the technical requirement or not and detecting whether the deformation is within the range of reserved deformation allowance before machining or not;
the mechanical processing step comprises the step of carrying out finish machining on the bearing ring again, and the process size of the bearing ring is ensured to meet the technical requirements of the pattern.
The invention can obtain the following technical effects:
by changing the method of combining the cooling mode with the cooling rate, the deformation of the bearing ring is smaller than 1mm, the hardness of the bearing ring is 58-62 HRC, the deformation probability of the bearing ring is reduced while the comprehensive properties of the strength, hardness and the like of the bearing ring are ensured, the time for subsequent machining of the bearing ring is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a heat treatment method for a large-sized bearing ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for the same blocks. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a heat treatment method for a large-sized bearing ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the heat treatment method for a large-size bearing ring provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises several steps of quenching, tempering, detecting and machining.
Quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 840-860 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3-4 hours;
carrying out extrusion shaping on the bearing ring, wherein the extrusion shaping comprises the steps of heating the bearing ring, then immediately horizontally placing the bearing ring in an oil groove with controllable temperature, placing a tool platform at the bottom of the oil groove, extruding the bearing ring axially by the tool platform, and cooling the bearing ring to 110-130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/S in an oil pump circulating cooling mode;
in order to reduce the retained austenite in the quenched structure, increase the dimensional stability and improve the hardness, the bearing is subjected to cryogenic treatment. The cryogenic treatment of the bearing ring adopts liquid nitrogen or liquid nitrogen steam, and the holding time is 1 to 1.5 hours. In order to avoid cracking caused by direct subzero treatment after quenching, the pre-tempering is carried out by keeping the temperature at 110-130 ℃ for 30-40 min, and then the subzero treatment is carried out. Tempering is carried out immediately after the cryogenic treatment.
Tempering:
and (3) placing the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 160-200 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
and detecting whether the hardness of the bearing ring meets the technical requirement or not, and detecting whether the deformation is within the range of the reserved deformation allowance before machining or not.
And (3) machining:
and (5) performing finish machining on the bearing ring to ensure that the process size of the bearing ring meets the technical requirements of the pattern.
Example 1:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and immediately performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
And (3) tempering:
and (3) placing the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 180 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring hardness is 59.5HRC and the deformation is 0.6mm.
Example 2:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and immediately performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
Tempering:
and (3) placing the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 180 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring has the hardness of 59.3HRC and the deformation of 0.8mm.
Example 3:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and immediately performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
Tempering:
and (3) putting the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 180 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring hardness is 60.2HRC and the deformation is 0.9mm.
Example 4:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 120 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
Tempering:
and (3) putting the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 160 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring has the hardness of 61.3HRC and the deformation of 0.7mm.
Example 5:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 120 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and immediately performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
Tempering:
and (3) putting the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 160 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring has the hardness of 61.3HRC and the deformation of 0.8mm.
Example 6:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 120 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
Tempering:
and (3) putting the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 160 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring has the hardness of 61.5HRC and the deformation of 0.9mm.
Example 7:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 110 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and then performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
And (3) tempering:
and (3) putting the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring has the hardness of 58.6HRC and the deformation of 0.6mm.
Example 8:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 110 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and immediately performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
Tempering:
and (3) putting the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring hardness is 58.8HRC and the deformation is 0.8mm.
Example 9:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, carrying out oil cooling, and cooling the bearing ring to 110 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/S; taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, and performing cryogenic treatment for 1 hour.
Tempering:
and (3) putting the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
A detection step:
the test result shows that the bearing ring hardness is 59.0HRC and the deformation is 0.9mm.
Therefore, the cooling rate is within the range of 3-5 ℃/S, the hardness and the deformation of the steel are better comprehensively, the steel is too low or the deformation is larger when the cooling rate is less than 3 ℃/S or more than 5 ℃/S, and the beneficial effect that the cooling rate is controlled within the range of 3-5 ℃/S is best in conclusion of experimental results.
According to different thicknesses of the workpieces, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the calculation formula of the following formula:
(T＝B+A×D)
the meaning of the parameters in the formula:
t, quenching heat preservation time, min;
b, heating and keeping the temperature constant for min;
a-heating heat preservation coefficient, min/mm;
d, the effective thickness of the part, mm;
the numerical range of the heating and heat-preserving constant B (min) is 10-30;
the numerical range of the heating and heat preservation coefficient A (min/mm) is 1-1.5.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Claims (10)
1. A method of heat treating a bearing ring, comprising:
quenching:
heating the bearing ring to 840-860 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3-4 hours;
carrying out extrusion molding on the bearing ring, wherein the extrusion molding comprises the steps of flatly placing the bearing ring in an oil groove with controllable temperature immediately after the bearing ring is heated, placing a tool platform at the bottom of the oil groove, extruding the bearing ring axially by the tool platform, and cooling the bearing ring to 110-130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/S in an oil pump circulating cooling mode;
taking out the bearing ring, placing the bearing ring in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30-40 min, performing pre-tempering, performing cryogenic treatment by adopting liquid nitrogen, keeping for 1-1.5 hours, and immediately performing tempering after the cryogenic treatment;
and (3) tempering: and putting the bearing ring into a heating furnace, heating to 160-200 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to finish tempering heat treatment.
2. A method for heat treating a bearing ring according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing ring is cooled to 110-130 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/S.
3. A method for heat treating a bearing ring according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing ring is cooled to 120 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/S, taken out and placed in a heating furnace for 30-40 min for pre-tempering.
4. A method for heat treating a bearing ring according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing ring is cooled to 120 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/S, taken out and placed in a heating furnace for 30-40 min for pre-tempering.
5. A method for heat treating a bearing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that in the tempering step, the bearing ring is placed in a heating furnace to be heated to 160-200 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 8 hours to complete the tempering heat treatment.
6. A method for heat treating a bearing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that in the tempering step the bearing ring is placed in a heating furnace heated to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min and held for 8 hours to complete the tempering heat treatment.
7. A method for heat treatment of a bearing ring according to claim 1, characterised in that the cryogenic treatment is performed with liquid nitrogen vapour.
8. A method of heat treating a bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the quenching step heats the bearing ring to 840-860 ℃ at a ramp rate of 10 ℃/min and holds it for 3-4 hours.
9. A method of heat treating a bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the quenching step heats the bearing ring to 850 ℃ at a ramp rate of 8-12 ℃/min and holds the temperature for 3.5 hours.
10. A method of heat treating a bearing ring according to claim 1, further comprising a step of inspecting and machining after the tempering step;
the detection step comprises the steps of detecting whether the hardness of the bearing ring meets the technical requirement or not, and detecting whether the deformation is within the range of reserved deformation allowance before machining or not;
the machining step includes re-finishing the bearing ring to ensure that the process dimensions of the bearing ring meet the design specifications.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211622030.7A CN115927830A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Heat treatment method for large-size bearing ring |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211622030.7A CN115927830A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Heat treatment method for large-size bearing ring |
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| CN115927830A true CN115927830A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
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| CN202211622030.7A Pending CN115927830A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Heat treatment method for large-size bearing ring |
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