CN113322428A - Heat treatment method for gear of speed reducer - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for gear of speed reducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113322428A CN113322428A CN202110574780.0A CN202110574780A CN113322428A CN 113322428 A CN113322428 A CN 113322428A CN 202110574780 A CN202110574780 A CN 202110574780A CN 113322428 A CN113322428 A CN 113322428A
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- carburizing
- speed reducer
- speed
- gear
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- PECPTSUHUFWKDG-IYEMJOQQSA-L barium(2+);(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O PECPTSUHUFWKDG-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/607—Molten salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
Abstract
The invention provides a heat treatment method for a speed reducer gear, which comprises the steps of immersing the speed reducer gear in a barium gluconate solution for 1-2min, taking out the speed reducer gear, draining, and placing the drained speed reducer gear on a mounting rack at equal intervals; the carburizing furnace is continuously heated, the heating temperature is up to 920-.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for a gear of a speed reducer, and belongs to the field of heat treatment.
Background
The gear reducer is generally used for low-rotating-speed and high-torque transmission equipment, and the common reducer of the motor also has several pairs of gears with the same principle to achieve an ideal speed reduction effect, wherein the ratio of the number of the teeth of the large gear to the number of the teeth of the small gear is the transmission ratio. Along with the continuous development of the speed reducer trade, more and more enterprises have used the speed reducer, need use a plurality of gears in the whole speed reducer structure assembly, use through mutually supporting between them. The heat treatment process of the gear directly influences the surface hardness, the core hardness and the metallographic structure of the gear and has important influence on various performances of the gear, and the process step design of the gear machining process and the gear carburizing heat treatment process have important influence on the surface hardness and various metallographic structures of the gear, so that a new process is required to be found to improve the performances of the surface hardness and the like of the gear.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a heat treatment method for a gear of a speed reducer, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a heat treatment method for a gear of a speed reducer comprises the following steps:
s1: pre-treating; immersing a speed reducer gear into the barium gluconate solution for 1-2min, taking out the speed reducer gear, draining, and placing the drained speed reducer gear on a mounting rack at equal intervals;
s2: carburizing; continuously heating the carburizing furnace to 920-935 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25-35min, placing the mounting frame provided with the speed reducer gear in the carburizing furnace, sealing the carburizing furnace, and introducing a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace;
s3: tempering; placing the carburized speed reducer gear into a heat treatment furnace, and tempering at the temperature of 650-750 ℃ to reduce the hardness of a carburized layer;
s4: quenching treatment; heating the speed reducer gear subjected to tempering treatment to 900-1000 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25min, then transferring the gear forging into a salt bath furnace to keep the temperature at 850 ℃ for 20-30min, then carrying out oil cooling quenching on the speed reducer gear, and naturally cooling the speed reducer gear after quenching.
Further, the furnace lining of the carburizing furnace adopts 0.5g/cm3The high-strength ultra-light energy-saving carburizing furnace is formed by building high-strength ultra-light energy-saving refractory bricks, aluminum silicate fibers, diatomite insulating bricks and asbestos boards, wherein a multi-head stainless steel drip injector is mounted at the top of the carburizing furnace and is arranged in parallel to the central axis of the carburizing furnace.
The steps of introducing the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace in S2 are as follows:
(1) the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent is controlled to be 42-48mL/min, the introducing speed of the second carburizing agent is 6-8L/min, and the speed is controlled to be maintained for 420-440 min;
(2) reducing the introduction content of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 34-39mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 4-6L/min, and controlling the speed to be kept for 180-220 min;
(3) and reducing the introduction contents of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 24-32mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 3-4L/min, and keeping for 8-13min after continuously reducing the temperature to 865-880 ℃.
Further, the carburizing in S2 includes a first stage carburizing and a second stage carburizing, the first stage carburizing is a high carbon potential carburizing stage, the carbon potential CP of the high carbon potential carburizing stage is 1.2 ± 0.04C%, the carburizing time is 5-7h, the second stage carburizing is a low carbon potential diffusion stage, the carbon potential CP of the low carbon potential diffusion stage is 0.85 ± 0.04C%, and the carburizing time is 11-12 h.
Further, the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent are two of methanol, ethane, propane, ethanol, propanol and ethyl acetate which are combined randomly, and the weight ratio of the first carburizing agent to the second carburizing agent is 1: 1.
Further, the salt bath furnace selects sodium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as a heating medium.
Further, the carburizing time in S2 is determined according to the following formula: t is tCarburizing＝(δ/K)2
In the formula tCarburizingIs carburization time, unit is smallTime of flight
Delta is the depth of the penetrated layer in mm
K is carburizing temperature coefficient, and the unit can be mm2·h-1。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the heat treatment method for the gear of the speed reducer, the gear of the speed reducer is immersed in the barium gluconate solution in the pretreatment, when the gear of the speed reducer is carburized, barium gluconate is heated and decomposed, and ions and radicals decomposed by the barium gluconate are infiltrated into the gear of the speed reducer along with the carburizing agent gas, so that the hardness of the gear of the speed reducer after heat treatment is effectively improved, and the service life of the gear of the speed reducer is prolonged when the gear of the speed reducer is used;
the speed reducer gear is subjected to carburizing treatment through a high-carbon-potential strong-carburizing stage and a low-carbon-potential diffusion stage, and the gear has excellent performances such as high hardness, high wear resistance, good heat resistance and the like through scientific and reasonable carburizing, so that the long-term use requirement of the product is met;
the carburization is carried out through a series of temperature and time control of mutual cooperation, the design can effectively refine the forged blank crystal grains of the gear of the speed reducer and uniform metallographic structure, and the deformation of the gear of the speed reducer after carburization and quenching is reduced; while reducing gear forging stresses.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a heat treatment method for a gear of a speed reducer comprises the following steps:
s1: pre-treating; immersing a speed reducer gear into the barium gluconate solution for 1-2min, taking out the speed reducer gear, draining, and placing the drained speed reducer gear on a mounting rack at equal intervals;
s2: carburizing; continuously heating the carburizing furnace to 920-935 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25-35min, placing the mounting frame provided with the speed reducer gear in the carburizing furnace, sealing the carburizing furnace, and introducing a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace;
s3: tempering; placing the carburized speed reducer gear into a heat treatment furnace, and tempering at the temperature of 650-750 ℃ to reduce the hardness of a carburized layer;
s4: quenching treatment; heating the speed reducer gear subjected to tempering treatment to 900-1000 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25min, then transferring the gear forging into a salt bath furnace to keep the temperature at 850 ℃ for 20-30min, then carrying out oil cooling quenching on the speed reducer gear, and naturally cooling the speed reducer gear after quenching.
The lining of the carburizing furnace adopts 0.5g/cm3The high-strength ultra-light energy-saving brick is formed by building high-strength ultra-light energy-saving refractory bricks, aluminum silicate fibers, diatomite insulating bricks and asbestos boards, wherein a multi-head stainless steel drip injector is arranged at the top of the carburizing furnace and is parallel to the central axis of the carburizing furnace.
The steps of introducing the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace in S2 are as follows:
(1) the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent is controlled to be 42-48mL/min, the introducing speed of the second carburizing agent is 6-8L/min, and the speed is controlled to be maintained for 420-440 min;
(2) reducing the introduction content of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 34-39mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 4-6L/min, and controlling the speed to be kept for 180-220 min;
(3) and reducing the introduction contents of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 24-32mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 3-4L/min, and keeping for 8-13min after continuously reducing the temperature to 865-880 ℃.
And the carburizing in the S2 comprises a first stage carburizing and a second stage carburizing, wherein the first stage carburizing is a high carbon potential strong carburizing stage, the carbon potential CP of the high carbon potential strong carburizing stage is 1.2 +/-0.04C%, the carburizing time is 5-7h, the second stage carburizing is a low carbon potential diffusion stage, the carbon potential CP of the low carbon potential diffusion stage is 0.85 +/-0.04C%, and the carburizing time is 11-12 h.
The first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent are two of methanol, ethane, propane, ethanol, propanol and ethyl acetate which are combined randomly, and the weight ratio of the first carburizing agent to the second carburizing agent is 1: 1.
The salt bath furnace selects sodium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as heating medium.
Further, the carburizing time in S2 is determined by the following equation: t is tCarburizing＝(δ/K)2
In the formula tCarburizingIs carburization time in hours
Delta is the depth of the penetrated layer in mm
K is carburizing temperature coefficient, and the unit can be mm2·h-1。
Example 1:
immersing a speed reducer gear into a barium gluconate solution for 1min, taking out and draining the speed reducer gear, placing the drained speed reducer gear on a mounting rack at equal intervals, continuously heating a carburizing furnace to 920 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, placing the mounting rack with the speed reducer gear in the carburizing furnace, sealing the carburizing furnace, and introducing a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace; wherein the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent is controlled at 42mL/min, the feeding speed of the second carburizing agent is 6L/min, and the control speed is kept for 420 min; then reducing the introduction content of a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent, controlling the dripping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 34mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 4L/min, keeping the speed for 180min, then reducing the introduction content of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dripping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 32mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 3L/min, continuously cooling to 865 ℃, keeping for 8min, placing the carburized speed reducer gear into a heat treatment furnace, tempering at 650 ℃, reducing the hardness of a carburized layer, heating the tempered speed reducer gear to 900 ℃ and keeping for 25min, then transferring the gear forging into a salt bath furnace, and keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 20min, wherein the salt bath furnace selects sodium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and potassium cyanide, And using sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as a heating medium, then carrying out oil-cooling quenching on the speed reducer gear, and naturally cooling the speed reducer gear after quenching.
Example 2:
immersing a speed reducer gear into a barium gluconate solution for 1min, taking out and draining the speed reducer gear, placing the drained speed reducer gear on a mounting rack at equal intervals, continuously heating a carburizing furnace to 920 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, placing the mounting rack with the speed reducer gear in the carburizing furnace, sealing the carburizing furnace, and introducing a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace; wherein the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent is controlled at 44mL/min, the feeding speed of the second carburizing agent is 6L/min, and the control speed is kept for 430 min; then reducing the introduction content of a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent, controlling the dripping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 34mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 4L/min, keeping the speed for 200min, then reducing the introduction content of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dripping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 32mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 3L/min, continuously cooling to 865 ℃, keeping the speed for 8min, placing the carburized speed reducer gear into a heat treatment furnace, tempering at 650 ℃, reducing the hardness of a carburized layer, heating the tempered speed reducer gear to 900 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25min, then transferring the gear forged piece into a salt bath furnace, and keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 20min, wherein the salt bath furnace selects sodium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and potassium cyanide, And using sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as a heating medium, then carrying out oil-cooling quenching on the speed reducer gear, and naturally cooling the speed reducer gear after quenching.
Example 3:
immersing a speed reducer gear into a barium gluconate solution for 1min, taking out and draining the speed reducer gear, placing the drained speed reducer gear on a mounting rack at equal intervals, continuously heating a carburizing furnace to 920 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, placing the mounting rack with the speed reducer gear in the carburizing furnace, sealing the carburizing furnace, and introducing a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace; wherein the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent is controlled at 47mL/min, the feeding speed of the second carburizing agent is 6L/min, and the control speed is kept for 430 min; then reducing the introduction content of a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent, controlling the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 34mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 4L/min, keeping the speed for 210min, then reducing the introduction content of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 32mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 3L/min, continuously cooling to 865 ℃, keeping the speed for 8min, placing the carburized speed reducer gear into a heat treatment furnace, tempering at 650 ℃, reducing the hardness of a carburized layer, heating the tempered speed reducer gear to 900 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25min, then transferring the gear forging into a salt bath furnace, and keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 20min, wherein the salt bath furnace selects sodium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and potassium cyanide, And using sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as a heating medium, then carrying out oil-cooling quenching on the speed reducer gear, and naturally cooling the speed reducer gear after quenching.
Example 4:
immersing a speed reducer gear into a barium gluconate solution for 1min, taking out and draining the speed reducer gear, placing the drained speed reducer gear on a mounting rack at equal intervals, continuously heating a carburizing furnace to 920 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, placing the mounting rack with the speed reducer gear in the carburizing furnace, sealing the carburizing furnace, and introducing a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace; wherein the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent is controlled at 48mL/min, the feeding speed of the second carburizing agent is 6L/min, and the speed is controlled to be kept for 440 min; then reducing the introduction content of a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent, controlling the dripping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 34mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 4L/min, keeping the speed for 220min, then reducing the introduction content of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dripping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 32mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 3L/min, continuously cooling to 865 ℃, keeping the speed for 8min, placing the carburized speed reducer gear into a heat treatment furnace, tempering at 650 ℃, reducing the hardness of a carburized layer, heating the tempered speed reducer gear to 900 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25min, then transferring the gear forged piece into a salt bath furnace, and keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 20min, wherein the salt bath furnace selects sodium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and potassium cyanide, And using sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as a heating medium, then carrying out oil-cooling quenching on the speed reducer gear, and naturally cooling the speed reducer gear after quenching.
The hardness of the reducer gear subjected to the existing heat treatment and the reducer gear subjected to the heat treatment in each embodiment is tested at three positions of 0 degrees, 120 degrees and 240 degrees in the circumferential direction and at three positions of upper, middle and lower positions in the axial direction, two hardness values are tested at each position, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation are tested, wherein the test data are shown in a table 1:
as can be seen in conjunction with the data in table 1: compared with the prior art, in the embodiments 1-4, the speed reducer gear has excellent performances of high hardness, high wear resistance, good heat resistance and the like by adopting a scientific and reasonable processing technology, and meets the requirement of long-term use of the product; the carburization is carried out through a series of temperature and time control of mutual cooperation, the design can effectively refine forged blank crystal grains and uniform metallographic structures of the speed reducer gear, the deformation of the speed reducer gear after carburization and quenching is reduced, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of metal are further improved by adopting a new process.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. The claims should not be construed to limit the claims concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A heat treatment method for a gear of a speed reducer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pre-treating; immersing a speed reducer gear into the barium gluconate solution for 1-2min, taking out the speed reducer gear, draining, and placing the drained speed reducer gear on a mounting rack at equal intervals;
s2: carburizing; continuously heating the carburizing furnace to 920-935 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25-35min, placing the mounting frame provided with the speed reducer gear in the carburizing furnace, sealing the carburizing furnace, and introducing a first carburizing agent and a second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace;
s3: tempering; placing the carburized speed reducer gear into a heat treatment furnace, and tempering at the temperature of 650-750 ℃ to reduce the hardness of a carburized layer;
s4: quenching treatment; heating the speed reducer gear subjected to tempering treatment to 900-1000 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25min, then transferring the gear forging into a salt bath furnace to keep the temperature at 850 ℃ for 20-30min, then carrying out oil cooling quenching on the speed reducer gear, and naturally cooling the speed reducer gear after quenching.
2. The heat treatment method for the reducer gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace lining of the carburizing furnace adopts 0.5g/cm3The high-strength ultra-light energy-saving carburizing furnace is formed by building high-strength ultra-light energy-saving refractory bricks, aluminum silicate fibers, diatomite insulating bricks and asbestos boards, wherein a multi-head stainless steel drip injector is mounted at the top of the carburizing furnace and is arranged in parallel to the central axis of the carburizing furnace.
3. The heat treatment method for the reducer gear according to claim 1, wherein the steps of introducing the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent into the carburizing furnace in S2 are as follows:
(1) the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent is controlled to be 42-48mL/min, the introducing speed of the second carburizing agent is 6-8L/min, and the speed is controlled to be maintained for 420-440 min;
(2) reducing the introduction content of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 34-39mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 4-6L/min, and controlling the speed to be kept for 180-220 min;
(3) and reducing the introduction contents of the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent, controlling the dropping speed of the first carburizing agent to be 24-32mL/min, controlling the introduction speed of the second carburizing agent to be 3-4L/min, and keeping for 8-13min after continuously reducing the temperature to 865-880 ℃.
4. The method for heat-treating the gear of the speed reducer according to claim 1, wherein the carburizing in S2 includes a first stage carburizing and a second stage carburizing, the first stage carburizing is a high-carbon-potential strong-carburizing stage, the carbon potential CP of the high-carbon-potential strong-carburizing stage is 1.2 ± 0.04C%, the carburizing time is 5-7h, the second stage carburizing is a low-carbon-potential diffusion stage, the carbon potential CP of the low-carbon-potential diffusion stage is 0.85 ± 0.04C%, and the carburizing time is 11-12 h.
5. The heat treatment method for the reducer gear according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first carburizing agent and the second carburizing agent are two of methanol, ethane, propane, ethanol, propanol and ethyl acetate which are combined randomly, and the weight ratio of the first carburizing agent to the second carburizing agent is 1: 1.
6. The heat treatment method for the reducer gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: the salt bath furnace adopts sodium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as a heating medium.
7. According to the claimsThe heat treatment method for the gear of the speed reducer in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the carburizing time in S2 is determined according to the following formula: t is tCarburizing＝(δ/K)2
In the formula tCarburizingIs carburization time in hours
Delta is the depth of the penetrated layer in mm
K is carburizing temperature coefficient, and the unit can be mm2·h-1。
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