CN108866473A - A kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear - Google Patents

A kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108866473A
CN108866473A CN201810665331.5A CN201810665331A CN108866473A CN 108866473 A CN108866473 A CN 108866473A CN 201810665331 A CN201810665331 A CN 201810665331A CN 108866473 A CN108866473 A CN 108866473A
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workpiece
heat treatment
duplicate gear
treatment method
methanol
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CN201810665331.5A
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CN108866473B (en
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陈青夫
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Wenling Wantai Technology Co ltd
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Wenling Wan Tai Heat Treatment Plant (general Partnership)
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20Carburising
    • C23C8/22Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of heat treatment methods of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear, are related to the Field of Heat-treatment of duplicate gear.The heat treatment method successively includes shove charge, heating, strong infiltration, diffusion, cooling, tears furnace open.The present invention has the following advantages and effects:Before workpiece carbonization, first workpiece is immersed in gluconic acid barium solution, when workpiece starts carburizing, gluconic acid barium is thermally decomposed, ion and group after gluconic acid barium decomposes at this time are penetrated into workpiece together with methanol and propane gas, and then the hardness after heat treatment of workpieces is effectively raised, enhance service life when workpiece uses.Further through the strong infiltration stage of 915-925 DEG C of high temperature and 420min, so that the phosphorus content of workpiece surface reaches requirement just;Pass through the second diffusion phase of 915-925 DEG C of high temperature and the first dispersal phase of 200min and 865-875 DEG C of high temperature and 10min again, so that the phosphorus content of workpiece center portion reaches requirement just, and then bend when workpiece being avoided to work deformation or fracture, increase the service life of workpiece.

Description

A kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Field of Heat-treatment of duplicate gear, in particular at the heat of a kind of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear Reason method.
Background technique
Duplicate gear is exactly that two gears are connected.This duplicate gear (speed changer) in train, which is referred to as, slides tooth Wheel, its effect is exactly the revolving speed or speed for changing output shaft.Traditional duplicate gear is needed in production by hardened by heat treatment The hardness of big duplicate gear.
The Chinese patent that Authorization Notice No. is CN105154633B discloses a kind of the fast of automobile differential driving gear Fast carburizing heat treatment process, the heat treatment process include the following steps:1) it heats up;2) strong to seep;3) it spreads;4) it quenches;5) clear It washes;6) it is tempered.
When being heat-treated using above-mentioned heat treatment process to the duplicate gear of 20CrNiMo material, due to 20CrNiMo The hardness requirement of material duplicate gear is relatively high, therefore after the strong infiltration stage of above-mentioned heat treatment and diffusion phase, duplex The hardness of gear is extremely difficult to qualified hardness requirement, it will causes the hardness of duplicate gear too low, and then it is caused to use the longevity Life shortens, and has much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear Heat treatment method has the effect of enhancing the service life after duplicate gear heat treatment.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention technical scheme is that:A kind of 20CrNiMo material duplex The heat treatment method of gear, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
S1:Shove charge immerses workpiece in gluconic acid barium solution after 1-2min, after workpiece is taken out and drained, then by workpiece It uniformly lays flat to mounting rack, finally mounting rack is placed in carburizer;
S2:Heating, to 915-925 DEG C and keeps 25-35min for carburizer continuous heating;
S3:It is strong to seep, it remains temperature-resistant, methanol and propane is passed through into carburizer, the rate of addition of methanol is 45- The speed that is passed through of 50ml/min, propane are 7-8L/min, keep 410-430min;
S4:Diffusion,
S41, maintenance temperature inconvenience, reduction methanol and propane are passed through content, and the rate of addition of methanol is 35-40ml/ The speed that is passed through of min, propane are 5-6L/min, keep 190-210min;
S42, reduces the content that is passed through of methanol and propane again, and the rate of addition of methanol is 25-30ml/min, propane it is logical Entering speed is 3-4L/min, while continued down keeps 8-12min to after 865-875 DEG C;
S5:It is cooling, the constant temperature in carburizer is cooled to 105-115 DEG C;
S6:It tears furnace open, all workpiece is removed from mounting rack.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, before workpiece carbonization, first workpiece is immersed in gluconic acid barium solution, when workpiece starts When carburizing, gluconic acid barium is thermally decomposed, the ion and group after gluconic acid barium decomposes at this time with methanol and propane gas together It penetrates into workpiece, and then effectively raises the hardness after heat treatment of workpieces, enhance service life when workpiece uses.Again By the way that carburizer is heated to 915-925 DEG C and keeps 25-35min, so that the temperature in carburizer reaches the temperature that workpiece seeps by force Degree, while making carburizer be in temperature constant state, and then be conducive to the strong infiltration of workpiece.Pass through the strong infiltration process of 410-430min So that the surface hardness of workpiece reaches requirement, while by the diffusion in two stages so that the phosphorus content of the centre hardness of workpiece Reach requirement, and then ensure that the surface hardness of workpiece and centre hardness reach hardness requirement, reaches enhancing duplicate gear The effect of service life after heat treatment.
The further setting of the present invention is:The carbon potential CP that S2 seeps by force the stage is 1.1 ± 0.05.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, because the excessively high phosphorus content that will lead to workpiece of carbon potential increases, phosphorus content increases meeting The surface of workpiece is caused carbon black occur, so that workpiece is more crisp, i.e., workpiece is easy to happen fracture or damage, and then leads to workpiece not It is up to standard.Again because the too low phosphorus content that will lead to workpiece of carbon potential reduces, phosphorus content reduces the hardness that can reduce workpiece surface, drop The bearing capacity of low workpiece surface, and then the service life of workpiece is reduced, therefore workpiece is made by 915-925 DEG C of high temperature The carbon potential CP in strong infiltration stage be 1.1 ± 0.05 it is further effective to increase so that the phosphorus content of workpiece reaches requirement just The service life of workpiece.
The further setting of the present invention is:The time that S2 seeps by force the stage is 420min.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, because the soaking time for seeping the stage by force is to influence the main factor of carbon potential, when Between the excessively high phosphorus content that will lead to workpiece increase so that workpiece is more crisp, and then reduce the service life of workpiece.Again because of the time The too low phosphorus content that will will lead to workpiece is not up to standard, while the carburizing that will lead to workpiece is uneven, thereby reduces workpiece surface Hardness, can equally reduce the service life of workpiece, therefore set 420min for soaking time so that under the time state, The phosphorus content of workpiece surface reaches hardness standard, and then avoids the workpiece after heat treatment excessively crisp or excessively soft, and then effectively increase The service life of workpiece.
The further setting of the present invention is:The carbon potential CP of S41 diffusion phase is 0.8 ± 0.05.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, diffusion phase refers to that carbon penetrates into the center portion of workpiece, because of the center portion position of workpiece Phosphorus content to be lower than the phosphorus content of workpiece surface, but the phosphorus content of workpiece center portion again cannot be too low, because of workpiece center portion Phosphorus content is too low, and to will lead to workpiece center portion softer, and then causes to be easy to happen deformation in workpiece use process;Workpiece center portion contains Carbon amounts is excessively high and to will lead to workpiece center portion more crisp, and then causes to be easy to happen fracture in workpiece use process.Therefore carbon potential CP is 0.8 ± 0.05 makes the phosphorus content of workpiece center portion can achieve hardness required for workpiece, and further the effective workpiece that increases makes Use the service life.
The further setting of the present invention is:The time of S41 diffusion phase is 200min.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, because the diffusion time too long phosphorus content that will lead to workpiece center portion increases, equally Meeting is so that workpiece is easy to happen fracture;The diffusion time too short phosphorus content that can similarly reduce workpiece center portion is easy workpiece Bend deformation, therefore sets 200min for soaking time, so that the phosphorus content of workpiece center portion reaches under the time state It to hardness standard, and then avoids the workpiece after heat treatment excessively crisp or excessively soft, and then effectively increases the service life of workpiece.
The further setting of the present invention is:The carbon potential CP of S42 diffusion phase is 0.7 ± 0.05.
It is needed when carrying out step S42 by descent of temperature by using above-mentioned technical proposal, so that the temperature of workpiece Degree decline, decarburization phenomenon can occur for workpiece at this time, therefore again by the slow carburizing of step S42, the carbon completion that workpiece is lost, And makes carburizing process more uniform, effectively raise the hardness of workpiece surface and workpiece center portion, and then improve work The service life of part.
The further setting of the present invention is:The time of S42 diffusion phase is 10min.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, 10min is set by the time of S42 diffusion phase, so that the infiltration of workpiece center portion Carbon process is more uniform, and then can effectively reduce the deformation quantity of workpiece, while each position of workpiece center portion is contained Carbon amounts is in consistent, effectively raises the hardness of workpiece center portion, improves the service life of workpiece.
The further setting of the present invention is:Stokehold is torn open to need each inspection of the workpiece of the upper and lower quadrangle of mounting rack one, it is to be checked Furnace can be just torn open after surveying qualification.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal because the workpiece of mounting rack quadrangle be easiest to occur in heat treatment it is not up to standard existing As, therefore by the workpiece inspection of quadrangle, when the workpiece when quadrangle is up to standard, it was demonstrated that other workpiece have reached standard, Jin Erli simultaneously It uses the workpiece of quadrangle as object of reference, can conveniently learn the qualified degree of whole furnaceman's part.
The further setting of the present invention is:Carburizer carries out next furnace after needing air-cooled 60min again.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, carburizer after use, understands residual methanol and propane, when with phase in carburizer When passing through methanol and propane with low speed and content, remaining methanol and propane will increase the methanol and third in furnace originally Alkane content, and then the workpiece of next furnace can be impacted, therefore after air-cooled 60min, the methanol and propane in carburizer are complete Full discharge is clean, and then improves next furnace heat treatment of workpieces precision.
In conclusion the invention has the advantages that:
1. before workpiece carbonization, first immersing workpiece in gluconic acid barium solution, when workpiece starts carburizing, gluconic acid barium is heated It decomposes, the ion and group after gluconic acid barium decomposes at this time penetrate into workpiece together with methanol and propane gas, and then effectively The hardness improved after heat treatment of workpieces, enhance workpiece use when service life.
2. by the strong infiltration stage of 915-925 DEG C of high temperature and 420min, so that the carbon in the strong infiltration stage of workpiece surface Gesture CP is 1.1 ± 0.05, so that the phosphorus content of workpiece surface reaches requirement just, and then effectively increases the use longevity of workpiece Life;
3. by the first dispersal phase and 865-875 DEG C of high temperature of 915-925 DEG C of high temperature and 200min and The second diffusion phase of 10min avoids the deformation that bends when work so that the phosphorus content of workpiece center portion reaches requirement just Or fracture, further effectively increase the service life of workpiece;
4. reducing remaining methanol by carrying out next furnace again after meeting residual methanol and propane in carburizer are discharged And influence of the propane to next furnaceman's part, and then improve next furnace heat treatment of workpieces precision.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail below.
A kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear, includes the following steps:
S1:Shove charge immerses workpiece in gluconic acid barium solution after 1-2min, after workpiece is taken out and drained, then by workpiece It uniformly lays flat to mounting rack, finally mounting rack is placed in carburizer;
Before workpiece carbonization, first workpiece is immersed in gluconic acid barium solution, when workpiece starts carburizing, outer surface of workpiece Gluconic acid barium is thermally decomposed, and the ion and group after gluconic acid barium decomposes at this time penetrate into work with methanol and propane gas together In part, and then the hardness after heat treatment of workpieces is effectively raised, enhances service life when workpiece uses.
S2:Carburizer continuous heating to 915-925 DEG C and is kept 25-35min, is preferably heated to 920 DEG C by heating;
S3:It is strong to seep, it remains temperature-resistant in furnace, methanol and propane is passed through into carburizer, wherein the dropwise addition speed of methanol Degree is 45-50ml/min, and the speed that is passed through of propane is 7-8L/min, keeps 410-430min, preferably remains 420min, at this time The carbon potential CP that workpiece is in strong and seeps the stage, and seep the stage by force is 1.1 ± 0.05;
Because carbon potential is excessively high and the too long phosphorus content increase that will will lead to workpiece of soaking time, phosphorus content increase will lead to There is carbon black in the surface of workpiece, so that workpiece is more crisp, i.e., is easy to happen fracture or damage in the workpiece course of work, and then cause Workpiece is not up to standard, reduces the service life of workpiece.Again because carbon potential is too low and soaking time is too short will lead to the carbon containing of workpiece Amount reduces, and phosphorus content reduces the hardness that can reduce workpiece surface, and then reduces the bearing capacity of workpiece surface, same reduction work The service life of part.
Therefore, it is 1.1 ± 0.05 that the carbon potential CP in the strong infiltration stage of workpiece is made by 915-925 DEG C of high temperature, and will Soaking time is set as 420min, so that the phosphorus content of workpiece surface reaches requirement just, effective increase workpiece uses the longevity Life.
S4:Diffusion,
S41, maintenance in-furnace temperature inconvenience, reduction methanol and propane are passed through content, and the rate of addition of methanol is 35- The speed that is passed through of 40ml/min, propane are 5-6L/min, keep 190-210min, preferably remain 200min, workpiece is at this time The first dispersal phase, and the carbon potential CP of the first dispersal phase is 0.8 ± 0.05;
S42, reduces the content that is passed through of methanol and propane again, and the rate of addition of methanol is 25-30ml/min, propane it is logical Entering speed is 3-4L/min, while continued down keeps 8-12min, preferably remain 10min, at this time work to after 865-875 DEG C Part is in the second diffusion phase, and the carbon potential CP of the second diffusion phase is 0.7 ± 0.05;
Diffusion phase refers to that carbon penetrates into the center portion of workpiece, because the phosphorus content of the center portion position of workpiece will be lower than workpiece surface Phosphorus content, but the phosphorus content of workpiece center portion again cannot be too low.Because the phosphorus content of workpiece center portion is too low to will lead to the workpiece heart Portion is softer, and then causes to be easy to happen deformation in workpiece use process;The phosphorus content of workpiece center portion is excessively high and will lead to the workpiece heart Portion is more crisp, and then causes to be easy to happen fracture in workpiece use process.
Therefore by two diffusion phases of S41 and S42 the phosphorus content of workpiece center portion can achieve required for workpiece Hardness, and then effectively increase workpiece service life.Make the infiltration of workpiece center portion by two diffusion phases of S41 and S42 simultaneously Carbon process is more uniform, and then can effectively reduce the deformation quantity of heat treatment of workpieces process, while making each of workpiece center portion The phosphorus content of a position is in consistent, effectively raises the hardness of workpiece center portion, improves the service life of workpiece.
S5:It is cooling, the temperature in carburizer is cooled to rapidly 105-115 DEG C;
S6:It tears furnace open, first by each inspection of the workpiece of the upper and lower quadrangle of mounting rack one, it is hard that surface is detected by Rockwell apparatus Degree and centre hardness detect effective layer depth of carburizing, effective layer depth of the inspection workpiece of the present embodiment by metallographic microscope For 1.4-1.7mm, qualified products are consequently belonging to, then remove all workpiece from mounting rack.
After all workpiece are all removed, after the air-cooled 60min of carburizer, by meeting residual methanol and propane in carburizer Next furnace is carried out after being discharged again, and then is avoided when with identical low speed and content by methanol and propane, it is originally remaining Methanol and propane will increase methanol and propane content in furnace, it will impact to the workpiece of next furnace, therefore air-cooled After 60min, the methanol and propane in carburizer are clean by complete discharge, and then reduce remaining methanol and propane under The influence of one furnaceman's part improves next furnace heat treatment of workpieces precision.
Specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art It can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as at this All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims of invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
S1:Shove charge immerses workpiece in gluconic acid barium solution after 1-2min, after workpiece is taken out and is drained, then workpiece is uniform Lay flat to mounting rack, finally mounting rack is placed in carburizer;
S2:Heating, to 915-925 DEG C and keeps 25-35min for carburizer continuous heating;
S3:It is strong to seep, it remains temperature-resistant, methanol and propane is passed through into carburizer, the rate of addition of methanol is 45-50ml/ The speed that is passed through of min, propane are 7-8L/min, keep 410-430min;
S4:Diffusion,
S41 maintains temperature inconvenient, reduces the content that is passed through of methanol and propane, and the rate of addition of methanol is 35-40ml/min, and third The speed that is passed through of alkane is 5-6L/min, keeps 190-210min;
S42 reduces the content that is passed through of methanol and propane again, and the rate of addition of methanol is 25-30ml/min, and propane is passed through speed Degree is 3-4L/min, while continued down keeps 8-12min to after 865-875 DEG C;
S5:It is cooling, the constant temperature in carburizer is cooled to 105-115 DEG C;
S6:It tears furnace open, all workpiece is removed from mounting rack.
2. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:S2 is strong The carbon potential CP in infiltration stage is 1.1 ± 0.05.
3. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:S2 is strong The time in infiltration stage is 420min.
4. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:S41 The carbon potential CP of diffusion phase is 0.8 ± 0.05.
5. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:S41 The time of diffusion phase is 200min.
6. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:S42 The carbon potential CP of diffusion phase is 0.7 ± 0.05.
7. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:S42 The time of diffusion phase is 10min.
8. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Tear furnace open It is preceding to need each inspection of the workpiece of the upper and lower quadrangle of mounting rack one, it is to be detected it is qualified after can just tear furnace open.
9. a kind of heat treatment method of 20CrNiMo material duplicate gear according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:Carburizing Furnace carries out next furnace after needing air-cooled 60min again.
CN201810665331.5A 2018-06-25 2018-06-25 Heat treatment method for 20CrNiMo dual gear Active CN108866473B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113322428A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-31 盐城市金洲机械制造有限公司 Heat treatment method for gear of speed reducer

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1136060A (en) * 1997-07-18 1999-02-09 Toa Steel Co Ltd Quenching method for preventing heat treating strain in case hardening steel
CN102373400A (en) * 2011-10-25 2012-03-14 哈尔滨汇隆汽车箱桥有限公司 Heat treatment method of spiral bevel gear of cargo truck on double-row rare earth carburization equipment
CN105154633A (en) * 2015-10-26 2015-12-16 江苏保捷锻压有限公司 Rapid carburizing heat treatment technology of driving gear for automobile differential mechanism
CN106435348A (en) * 2016-10-24 2017-02-22 马鞍山顺发机械制造有限公司 Casting method of automobile engine cover

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1136060A (en) * 1997-07-18 1999-02-09 Toa Steel Co Ltd Quenching method for preventing heat treating strain in case hardening steel
CN102373400A (en) * 2011-10-25 2012-03-14 哈尔滨汇隆汽车箱桥有限公司 Heat treatment method of spiral bevel gear of cargo truck on double-row rare earth carburization equipment
CN105154633A (en) * 2015-10-26 2015-12-16 江苏保捷锻压有限公司 Rapid carburizing heat treatment technology of driving gear for automobile differential mechanism
CN106435348A (en) * 2016-10-24 2017-02-22 马鞍山顺发机械制造有限公司 Casting method of automobile engine cover

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113322428A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-31 盐城市金洲机械制造有限公司 Heat treatment method for gear of speed reducer

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