CN108853061A - 一种人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物及与之的肠溶胶囊和其制备方法及用途 - Google Patents
一种人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物及与之的肠溶胶囊和其制备方法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物及与之的肠溶胶囊和其制备方法及用途,该药物组合物由人工合成肺表面活性剂、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、棕榈油酰甘油磷酸甘油的钠盐、棕榈酸,无水乙醇,该药物组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)无水乙醇中加入人工合成肺表面活性剂、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、棕榈油酰甘油磷酸甘油的钠盐、冻干保护剂和棕榈酸,加热均质,混匀制成溶液A;(2)纯化水中加入氨丁三醇和氯化钠,混匀,用PH值调节剂调节pH,制成缓冲液B;(3)将溶液A加入至缓冲液B中,混合均匀,冷冻干燥获得,该组合物是一种合成的非动物性来源的表面活性剂,应用于治疗感染性肠炎,且对炎症部位具有保护作用,无任何毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物领域,具体涉及一种人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物及与之的肠溶胶囊和其制备方法及用途。
背景技术
肠炎是很常见的消化道疾病,其定义为发生于小肠、结肠及直肠的炎症。肠炎按照病程的长短可大致分为急性肠炎和慢性肠炎,后者更为常见,且对健康的影响程度尤为显著。慢性肠炎病程一般在两个月以上,临床常见的有慢性细菌性肠炎、慢性阿米巴肠炎、血吸虫病、非特异性溃疡性结肠炎和限局性肠炎等。肠炎极为普遍,全世界每年发病约30~50亿人次,尤以发展中国家发病率和病死率为高,特别是儿童。根据世界卫生组织统计,在发展中国家中,感染性肠炎引起的腹泻是儿童发病率最高的传染病,病死率约为20%,仅在亚、非、拉地区,每年就要夺去约460万婴幼儿的生命。
肠炎的治疗跟据其作用机理分为:病原治疗与对症治疗。
病原治疗:患细菌性肠炎时,因引起肠炎的痢疾杆菌对常用抗菌药广泛耐药,一般可选用复方磺胺甲基异唑(复方新诺明)、吡哌酸、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素等。空肠弯曲菌肠炎可用红霉素、庆大霉素、氯霉素等治疗。耶尔森小肠结肠炎杆菌肠炎一般应使用庆大霉素、卡那霉素、复方磺胺甲基异唑、四环素、氯霉素等治疗。沙门菌肠炎轻型病人可不用抗菌药,重型病人可用氯霉素或复方磺胺甲基异唑。侵袭性大肠杆菌性肠炎用新霉素、粘菌素和庆大霉素等治疗,可获良好效果。阿米巴痢疾、雅尔氏鞭毛虫和滴虫引起的肠炎,可用甲硝哒唑(灭滴灵)治疗。
对症治疗:补充液体及纠正电解质和酸中毒。轻度脱水而且呕吐不重者,可口服补液,WHO推荐的口服液配方为氯化钠,碳酸氢钠,氯化钾,葡萄糖或蔗糖,加水。脱水或呕吐较重者,可静脉输入生理盐水、等渗碳酸氢钠和氯化钾溶液以及葡萄糖。减少肠道蠕动和分泌性药物。可小量应用阿托品、颠茄、普鲁本辛以减轻肠道蠕动,可止痛及止泻。也可应用氯丙嗪,有镇静作用,并可抑制肠毒素引起的肠黏膜过度分泌,使大便次数及便量减少。
现有技术,用于治疗肠炎的药物大都是中药或者抗生素类抗炎药,中药用于治疗肠炎时往往周期较长,起效慢;长期使用抗生素可导致肠道正常菌群失调,伪膜性肠炎,加快细菌耐药性的发生,对身体可能产生不良反应较多。1996年一项关于天然和合成表面活性剂对人中性粒细胞呼吸爆发的抑制作用的研究发现,表面活性剂能够抑制中性粒细胞由受体(甲酰甲硫氨酰-亮氨酰-苯丙氨酸(fMLP)或非受体(豆蔻酸-佛波醇-乙酸酯PMA)激活剂介导的产生超氧化合物的能力,其中猪表面活性剂的IC50约为0.015mg磷脂/ml,合成表面活性剂约为0.050mg磷脂/ml。表面活性剂使用黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤氧化酶的非细胞系统产生超氧化合物的能力没有影响,对中性粒细胞受PMA刺激生成超氧化合物的抑制作用也很小。表面活性剂对fMLP存在下的钙离子的转运以及在对PMA刺激下乳铁传递蛋白的释放没有作用,对在PMA刺激下细胞膜蛋白激酶C的活性也没有影响。二软脂酰卵磷脂混悬液本身对中性粒细胞超氧化合物的合成没有作用。总之,这些结果说明肺表面活性剂的某些组分可能会影响呼吸爆发激活有关的后期步骤或者能够改变接下来的呼吸爆发氧化酶合成的步骤。
其它的研究显示人工合成肺表面活性剂和其中成分能够影响炎症细胞的功能。表面活性剂既能抑制淋巴细胞对有丝分裂刺激后的反应,也能抑制单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞以及上皮细胞中细胞因子的释放。SP-A可以起到调理素的作用,进而提高巨噬细胞吞噬细菌和趋化作用的能力。(参考文献:天然和合成表面活性剂对人中性粒细胞呼吸爆发的抑制作用,Anita Ahuja,Nancy Oh,Wei Chao,Roger G.Spragg,and Robert M.Smith。)
上市的品种(KL4)(通用名为Lucinactant)是一种用于治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合症的注射剂,Lucinactant包含一个全新的、功能上能模拟具有抗炎活性表面活性剂蛋白B的合成肽,西那普肽。该品种用于早产羊的动物实验表明,Lucinactant能减轻肺和系统性炎症反应,支持低通气需求下的通氧作用,比不使用SRT或者使用Poractant Alfa或者Beractant的SRT更能保护肺结构的完整性。实验的数据结果说明使用lucinactant进行早期干预比动物来源的表面活性剂Poractant Alfa或Beractant更能有效地减轻肺RDS激发症的生理病理。(参考文献:Lucinactant减轻肺部炎症反应,保护肺结构,改善早产羊RDS模型动物的生理结果,Marla R.Wolfson1–4,Jichuan Wu1,4,Terrence L.Hubert1,Timothy J.Gregory5,Jan Mazela5,6 and Thomas H.Shaffer1,3,7。)
跟据上述KL4治疗早产儿肺部呼吸窘迫症的抗炎临床疗效以及天然和合成表面活性剂对人中性粒细胞呼吸爆发的抑制作用,结合目前市场上治疗肠炎的药物特点,发明者提出KL4可用于治疗感染性肠炎的设想。KL4是一种合成的非动物来源的表面活性剂,大量毒理学实验显示该组分无毒性;本发明通过KL4对炎症细胞的体外抑制作用,以及从其对炎症具有的部分保护作用,无任何毒副作用,结合上市产品(KL4)用于早产儿的临床表现,表明该品种适用人群可为成人、老人及小孩。
发明内容
目前市场上用于治疗肠炎的药物大多为抗生素类药物,长期使用抗生素可导致肠道正常菌群失调,伪膜性肠炎,加快细菌耐药性的发生。本品为一种新型不含抗生素,治疗肠炎的肠溶胶囊制剂,该剂型的均一性及稳定性较好,制剂不会被胃酸破坏,且具有保护炎症部位的作用。方案如下
一种人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物,该药物组合物由1%~5%人工合成肺表面活性剂、45%-60%二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、10%-20%棕榈油酰甘油磷酸甘油的钠盐、0-10%棕榈酸组成,其余为无水乙醇,以上百分比为该成分在药物组合物中的质量百分比。
进一步说明,所述人工合成肺表面活性剂为西那普肽、磷脂酰胆碱或磷脂酰甘油中的一种。
进一步说明,该药物组合物还包括该药物组合物可接受的载体。
进一步说明,所述载体由pH调节剂、1%-5%冻干保护剂、2%-5%氨丁三醇、10%-20%氯化钠,其余为纯化水组成,以上百分比为该成分在载体中的质量百分比。
进一步说明,所述人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物为冻干粉制剂。
一种人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)无水乙醇中加入1%~5%人工合成肺表面活性剂、45%-60%二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、10%-20%棕榈油酰甘油磷酸甘油的钠盐、1%-5%冻干保护剂和0-10%棕榈酸,加热均质,混匀制成混合溶液A;
(2)纯化水中加入2%-5%氨丁三醇和10%-20%氯化钠,混匀,用PH值调节剂调节pH至5.0-7.0,制成缓冲液B;
(3)将混合溶液A加入至缓冲液B中,混合均匀,冷冻干燥获得该药物组合物,以上百分比为该成分在该药物组合物中的质量百分比。
一种含有人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物的肠溶胶囊,其特征在于,该肠溶胶囊含有10%-30%人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物、60%-80%的填充剂和1%-2%的润滑剂,以上百分比为该成分在肠溶胶囊中的质量百分比。
进一步说明,所述填充剂为乳糖、淀粉和微晶纤维素中的一种或多种。
一种含有人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物的肠溶胶囊其制备方法,其特征在于,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将10%-30%人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物,粉碎,加入60%-80%的填充剂和1%-2%的润滑剂,混合30min,整粒,填充于肠溶胶囊壳中,得到肠溶胶囊,以上百分比为该成分在肠溶胶囊中的质量百分比。
一种人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物的用途,该药物组合物应用于治疗感染性肠炎药物的制备。
有益效果:
现有技术,用于治疗肠炎的药物大都是中药或者抗生素类抗炎药,中药用于治疗肠炎时往往周期较长,起效慢;长期频繁使用抗生素可导致肠道正常菌群失调,伪膜性肠炎,加快细菌耐药性的发生,对身体可能产生不良反应较多。人工合成肺表面活性剂是一种合成的非动物来源的表面活性剂,其本身无任何毒副作用、人工合成肺表面活性剂对炎症细胞的体外体外抑制作用,以及其对炎症具有的部分保护作用,以及上市产品(KL4)用于早产儿的临床表现表明该品种适用人群可为成人、老人及小孩。
附图说明
图1-3显示皮下给药24h后处理动物的肠道切片
图1显示为皮下注射生理盐水5mg/kg-24小时后观察的肠道切片
图2显示为皮下注射霍乱弧菌1mg/kg-24小时后观察的肠道切片
图3显示为皮下注射霍乱弧菌5mg/kg-24小时后观察的肠道切片
图4-6显示肠道组织中各种炎症介质因子的含量
图4显示肠道组织中IL-8的含量
图5显示肠道组织中IL-6的含量
图6显示肠道组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的含量
图7-9肠道组织中肠道菌群的变化
图7显示肠道组织中双歧杆菌的菌群量
图8显示肠道组织中乳酸杆菌的菌群量
图9显示肠道组织中大肠杆菌的菌群量
图10 pH 6.8磷酸盐溶出介质KL4肠溶胶囊溶出曲线
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物的应用,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明采用的试剂皆为普通市售品,皆可于市场购得。
下面结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
冻干粉配方
KL4肠溶胶囊的制备
(1)KL4混合溶液的制备
乳化罐中加入无水乙醇适量,启动加热40℃,启动均质、搅拌条件下,分别依次加入冻干处方的87gDPPC;20gPOPG·Na;10gPA;2g海藻糖及2g西那普肽,搅拌10min,目视所有API(目标成分)均溶解完全。
(2)TRIS缓冲液制备
配液罐中加入纯化水适量,启动搅拌,在15-30℃条件下,将冻干处方量的4g氨丁三醇和20g氯化钠共同加入注射用水(WFI)中,搅拌10min,混匀以制备TRIS缓冲液,冰醋酸调节pH至5.0-7.0。
(3)样品混合冻干
将API溶液缓缓加入至TRIS缓冲液中,搅拌至混合均匀后,放入真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,将冻干机板层温度降至-30℃以下,保持30min以上,样品充分冻结,此时即可进入样品一期干燥升华阶段。将板层温度控制在-10℃以下,冻干箱内的真空度控制在50Pa以内,保温干燥6小时。一期干燥升华阶段结束后,直接进入二期干燥升华阶段,将板层温度控制在60℃以内,保温4小时,干燥结束。
(4)肠溶胶囊制备
取冻干后药品14.8g进行粉碎后与44.4g的乳糖、44.4g的微晶纤维素及1.48g的硬质富马酸钠,加入三维混合机中混合30min,用不锈钢筛网进行整粒后,填充于肠溶胶囊壳内。包装得到KL4肠溶胶囊。
实施例2
冻干粉配方
KL4肠溶胶囊的制备
(1)KL4混合溶液的制备
乳化罐中加入无水乙醇适量,启动加热40℃,启动均质、搅拌条件下,分别依次加入冻干处方的107gDPPC;40gPOPG·Na;20gPA;10g海藻糖及10g西那普肽,搅拌10min,目视所有API(目标成分)均溶解完全。
(2)TRIS缓冲液制备
配液罐中加入纯化水适量,启动搅拌,在15-30℃条件下,将冻干处方量的10g氨丁三醇和40g氯化钠共同加入注射用水(WFI)中,搅拌10min,混匀以制备TRIS缓冲液,冰醋酸调节pH至5.0-7.0。
(3)样品混合冻干
将API溶液缓缓加入至TRIS缓冲液中,搅拌至混合均匀后,放入真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,将冻干机板层温度降至-30℃以下,保持30min以上,样品充分冻结,此时即可进入样品一期干燥升华阶段。将板层温度控制在-10℃以下,冻干箱内的真空度控制在50Pa以内,保温干燥16小时。一期干燥升华阶段结束后,直接进入二期干燥升华阶段,将板层温度控制在60℃以内,保温1.5小时,干燥结束。
(4)肠溶胶囊制备
取冻干后药品75g进行粉碎后与100g的淀粉、100g的微晶纤维素及5g的二氧化硅,加入三维混合机中混合30min,用不锈钢筛网进行整粒后,填充于肠溶胶囊壳内。包装得到KL4肠溶胶囊。
实施例3
冻干粉配方
KL4肠溶胶囊的制备
(1)KL4混合溶液的制备
乳化罐中加入无水乙醇适量,启动加热40℃,启动均质、搅拌条件下,分别依次加入冻干处方的110gDPPC;30gPOPG·Na;15gPA;5g海藻糖及4g西那普肽,搅拌10min,目视所有API(目标成分)均溶解完全。
(2)TRIS缓冲液制备
配液罐中加入纯化水适量,启动搅拌,在15-30℃条件下,将冻干处方量的6g氨丁三醇和25g氯化钠共同加入注射用水(WFI)中,搅拌10min,混匀以制备TRIS缓冲液,冰醋酸调节pH至5.0-7.0。
(3)样品混合冻干
将API溶液缓缓加入至TRIS缓冲液中,搅拌至混合均匀后,放入真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,将冻干机板层温度降至-30℃以下,保持30min以上,样品充分冻结,此时即可进入样品一期干燥升华阶段。将板层温度控制在-10℃以下,冻干箱内的真空度控制在50Pa以内,保温干燥8小时。一期干燥升华阶段结束后,直接进入二期干燥升华阶段,将板层温度控制在60℃以内,保温2小时,干燥结束。
(4)肠溶胶囊制备
取冻干后药品39g进行粉碎后与68.25g的淀粉、68.25g的微晶纤维素1.5g的二氧化硅及1.5g硬质富马酸钠,加入三维混合机中混合30min,用不锈钢筛网进行整粒后,填充于肠溶胶囊壳内。包装得到KL4肠溶胶囊。
实施例4
冻干粉配方
KL4肠溶胶囊的制备
(1)KL4混合溶液的制备
乳化罐中加入无水乙醇适量,启动加热40℃,启动均质、搅拌条件下,分别依次加入冻干处方的100gDPPC;30gPOPG·Na;15gPA;5g海藻糖及6g西那普肽,搅拌10min,目视所有API(目标成分)均溶解完全。
(2)TRIS缓冲液制备
配液罐中加入纯化水适量,启动搅拌,在15-30℃条件下,将冻干处方量的5g氨丁三醇和25g氯化钠共同加入注射用水(WFI)中,搅拌10min,混匀以制备TRIS缓冲液,冰醋酸调节pH至5.0-7.0。
(3)样品混合冻干
将API溶液缓缓加入至TRIS缓冲液中,搅拌至混合均匀后,放入真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,将冻干机板层温度降至-30℃以下,保持30min以上,样品充分冻结,此时即可进入样品一期干燥升华阶段。将板层温度控制在-10℃以下,冻干箱内的真空度控制在50Pa以内,保温干燥6小时。一期干燥升华阶段结束后,直接进入二期干燥升华阶段,将板层温度控制在60℃以内,保温3小时,干燥结束。
(4)肠溶胶囊制备
取冻干后药品46.5g进行粉碎后与148.8g的微晶纤维素及3.7g硬质富马酸钠,加入三维混合机中混合30min,用不锈钢筛网进行整粒后,填充于肠溶胶囊壳内。包装得到KL4肠溶胶囊-A。
实施例5
冻干粉配方
KL4肠溶胶囊的制备
(1)KL4混合溶液的制备
乳化罐中加入无水乙醇适量,启动加热40℃,启动均质、搅拌条件下,分别依次加入冻干处方的100gDPPC;30gPOPG·Na;15gPA;5g海藻糖及8g西那普肽,搅拌10min,目视所有API(目标成分)均溶解完全。
(2)TRIS缓冲液制备
配液罐中加入纯化水适量,启动搅拌,在15-30℃条件下,将冻干处方量的5g氨丁三醇和25g氯化钠共同加入注射用水(WFI)中,搅拌10min,混匀以制备TRIS缓冲液,冰醋酸调节pH至5.0-7.0。
(3)样品混合冻干
将API溶液缓缓加入至TRIS缓冲液中,搅拌至混合均匀后,放入真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,将冻干机板层温度降至-30℃以下,保持30min以上,样品充分冻结,此时即可进入样品一期干燥升华阶段。将板层温度控制在-10℃以下,冻干箱内的真空度控制在50Pa以内,保温干燥6小时。一期干燥升华阶段结束后,直接进入二期干燥升华阶段,将板层温度控制在60℃以内,保温3小时,干燥结束。
(4)肠溶胶囊制备
取冻干后药品47g进行粉碎后与28.2g乳糖、28.2g淀粉、56.4g的微晶纤维素及2g硬质富马酸钠,加入三维混合机中混合30min,用不锈钢筛网进行整粒后,填充于肠溶胶囊壳内。包装得到KL4肠溶胶囊-B。
实施例6
冻干粉配方
肠溶胶囊的制备
(1)KL4混合溶液的制备
乳化罐中加入无水乙醇适量,启动加热40℃,启动均质、搅拌条件下,分别依次加入冻干处方的100gDPPC;30gPOPG·Na;15gPA;5g海藻糖及8g磷脂酰胆碱,搅拌10min,目视所有API(目标成分)均溶解完全。
(2)TRIS缓冲液制备
配液罐中加入纯化水适量,启动搅拌,在15-30℃条件下,将冻干处方量的5g氨丁三醇和25g氯化钠共同加入注射用水(WFI)中,搅拌10min,混匀以制备TRIS缓冲液,冰醋酸调节pH至5.0-7.0。
(3)样品混合冻干
将API溶液缓缓加入至TRIS缓冲液中,搅拌至混合均匀后,放入真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,将冻干机板层温度降至-30℃以下,保持30min以上,样品充分冻结,此时即可进入样品一期干燥升华阶段。将板层温度控制在-10℃以下,冻干箱内的真空度控制在50Pa以内,保温干燥6小时。一期干燥升华阶段结束后,直接进入二期干燥升华阶段,将板层温度控制在60℃以内,保温3小时,干燥结束。
(4)肠溶胶囊制备
取冻干后药品47g进行粉碎后与28.2g乳糖、28.2g淀粉、56.4g的微晶纤维素及2g硬质富马酸钠,加入三维混合机中混合30min,用不锈钢筛网进行整粒后,填充于肠溶胶囊壳内。包装得到肠溶胶囊。
实施例7
冻干粉配方
肠溶胶囊的制备
(1)混合溶液的制备
乳化罐中加入无水乙醇适量,启动加热40℃,启动均质、搅拌条件下,分别依次加入冻干处方的100gDPPC;30gPOPG·Na;15gPA;5g海藻糖及8g磷脂酰甘油,搅拌10min,目视所有API(目标成分)均溶解完全。
(2)TRIS缓冲液制备
配液罐中加入纯化水适量,启动搅拌,在15-30℃条件下,将冻干处方量的5g氨丁三醇和25g氯化钠共同加入注射用水(WFI)中,搅拌10min,混匀以制备TRIS缓冲液,冰醋酸调节pH至5.0-7.0。
(3)样品混合冻干
将API溶液缓缓加入至TRIS缓冲液中,搅拌至混合均匀后,放入真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,将冻干机板层温度降至-30℃以下,保持30min以上,样品充分冻结,此时即可进入样品一期干燥升华阶段。将板层温度控制在-10℃以下,冻干箱内的真空度控制在50Pa以内,保温干燥6小时。一期干燥升华阶段结束后,直接进入二期干燥升华阶段,将板层温度控制在60℃以内,保温3小时,干燥结束。
(4)肠溶胶囊制备
取冻干后药品47g进行粉碎后与28.2g乳糖、28.2g淀粉、56.4g的微晶纤维素及2g硬质富马酸钠,加入三维混合机中混合30min,用不锈钢筛网进行整粒后,填充于肠溶胶囊壳内。包装得到KL4肠溶胶囊。
效果实施例1
新西兰大白兔动物感染性肠炎实验
a)对象和方法:
(1)对象:随机取性别任意的5-6个月大的新西兰大白兔56只(2)白介素(IL-8,IL-6)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)检测:分别在治疗前及治疗后第1、3、7、14天,用试剂盒检测家兔肠组织中炎症介质白介素(IL-8,IL-6及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)。
(3)粪便的采集与检测方法:分别在治疗前及治疗后第1、3、7、14天采集粪便送检,用荧光定量PCR的方法检测肠道菌群的变化并观察相应的肠道症状。
b)试验过程:
性别任意的5-6个月大的新西兰大白兔56只,随机取12只在小肠浆膜下注入溶于5ml生理盐水的霍乱弧菌1mg/公斤,24小时后观察局部肠管外端发生轻微病变,生理特征基本正常;随机取32只在小肠浆膜下注入溶于5ml生理盐水的霍乱弧菌5mg/公斤后,6小时后观察32只家兔肠道发生均发生了病变,24小时后,所有32家兔肠管外端均发花甚至暗紫;剩余12只家兔在小肠浆膜下注入生理盐水5mg/公斤的作为空白比对;取32只给药霍乱弧菌5mg/公斤的家兔用于试验,所有家兔跟据病情严重程度平均分为A、B、C、D四组,每组8只,另取注射生理盐水5mg/公斤的家兔8只作为E组。A组每4小时给药一次KL4肠溶胶囊-A,B组每4小时给药一次KL4肠溶胶囊-B,C组每4小时给药一次阿莫西林克拉维酸钾,D组及E组每4小时给药一次空白肠溶胶囊,其余饮食按照常规进行,A、B、C、D、E五组分别治疗2周,每日观察并定期检查各只家兔肠组织中炎症介质白介素(IL-8,IL-6)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的含量以及采集粪便用荧光定量PCR的方法检测肠道菌群的变化。结果表明给予KL4肠溶胶囊-B及抗生素药物治疗的家兔肠组织中炎症介质白介素(IL-8,IL-6)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的含量逐日降低,给予空白对照的D组家兔出现明显的腹泻症状并不断加剧,且其肠组织中炎症介质白介素(IL-8,IL-6)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的含量逐日升高,并出现严重脱水症状,E组家兔各项指标基本不变,无腹泻症状;应用抗生素治疗过程中,肠道菌群发生明显改变,粪便中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌及大肠杆菌较治疗前显著减少。
c)试验结果
试验结果1:病理学模型,皮下注射生理盐水5mg/公斤,皮下给药霍乱弧菌1mg/公斤,皮下给药霍乱弧菌5mg/公斤分别于24h后处理动物的肠道切片,结果:
a在小肠浆膜下注入溶于5ml生理盐水的霍乱弧菌1mg/公斤,24小时后观察局部肠管外端发生轻微病变,生理特征基本正常;
b在小肠浆膜下注入溶于5ml生理盐水的霍乱弧菌5mg/公斤后,6小时后观察24只家兔肠道发生均发生了病变,24小时后,所有24家兔肠管外端均发花甚至暗紫;
c在小肠浆膜下注入生理盐水5mg/公斤的为空白对照无变化。
试验结果2:
肠道组织中各种炎症介质因子的含量比较IL-8,试验过程中B组、C组和E组在给药1-14天期间IL-8逐渐递减,D组IL-8在明显增强。
肠道组织中各种炎症介质因子的含量比较IL-6,试验过程中B组、C组和E组在给药1-14天期间IL-6逐渐递减,D组IL-6在明显增强。
肠道组织中各种炎症介质因子的含量比较髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的含量,试验过程中B组、C组和E组在给药1-14天期间髓过氧化物酶(MPO)逐渐递减,D组髓过氧化物酶(MPO)在明显增强。
试验结果3:
肠道组织中肠道菌群的变化双歧杆菌,试验过程中A组、B组、D组和E组在给药1-14天期间双歧杆菌的菌群数量没有明显变化,C组双歧杆菌的菌群数量在明显减少。
肠道组织中肠道菌群的变化乳酸杆菌,试验过程中A组、B组、D组和E组在给药1-14天期间乳酸杆菌的菌群数量没有明显变化,C组乳酸杆菌的菌群数量在明显减少。
肠道组织中肠道菌群的变化大肠杆菌,试验过程中A组、B组、D组和E组在给药1-14天期间大肠杆菌的菌群数量没有明显变化,C组大肠杆菌的菌群数量在明显减少。
d)试验结论
1)之前的研究证实KL4比动物来源的表面活性剂更能抵抗由炎症过程中释放的氧化物以及血浆蛋白所带来的抑制作用。从这方面来讲,对抑制的抵抗作用有助于保持表面活性剂的生物活性,会使KL4给药组炎症比本研究中给予动物来源的表面活性剂更轻。我们的研究和之前发表的关于KL4表面活性剂能降低体外细胞培养和体内高氧致肺损伤成年模型中炎症标志物水平的报道是一致的。
2)抗生素长期使用会导致肠道菌群影响明显,必须合理使用,避免滥用;KL4肠溶胶囊和抗生素比治疗效果基本一致,且对肠道菌群没有任何影响,可以替代抗生素药物治疗肠炎,且副作用较少,具有明显的替代优势。
3)不含棕榈酸的KL4肠溶胶囊-B与含有棕榈酸的KL4肠溶胶囊-A相比,在肠道内溶解吸收较好,在体内能够很快达到预期的治疗肠炎的效果。
效果实施例2
肠溶胶囊体外溶出试验
a)对象和方法:
(1)对象:KL4肠溶胶囊-A与KL4肠溶胶囊-B
(2)方法:分别取上述各肠溶胶囊6粒,进行溶出检测KL4各点溶出度。b)试验过程:
分别取上述KL4肠溶胶囊-A与KL4肠溶胶囊-B各6粒,转篮法,900ml pH 1.2盐酸溶出介质中以50r/min搅拌2h后,更换成pH 6.8磷酸盐溶出介质中继续搅拌2h,并于15min、20min、30min、45min、60min、90min及120min取样检测KL4含量计算累计释放度。
c)试验结果:
pH 1.2盐酸中溶出2h,KL4肠溶胶囊-A与KL4肠溶胶囊-B中KL4含量均无检出,pH6.8磷酸盐溶出介质中KL4肠溶胶囊-B溶出明显快于KL4肠溶胶囊-A,且KL4肠溶胶囊-B两小时内基本完全溶出,KL4肠溶胶囊-A累积溶出度只有40%左右,说明棕榈酸会影响KL4在pH6.8磷酸盐中的溶出,由此推测棕榈酸会影响KL4在肠道内的吸收。
Claims (10)
1.一种人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物,其特征在于,该药物组合物主要有1%~5%人工合成肺表面活性剂、45%-60%二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、10%-20%棕榈油酰甘油磷酸甘油的钠盐、0-10%棕榈酸,其余为无水乙醇,以上百分比为该成分在药物组合物中的质量百分比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述人工合成肺表面活性剂为西那普肽、磷脂酰胆碱或磷脂酰甘油中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物,其特征在于,该药物组合物中还包括该药物组合物可接受的载体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述载体由pH调节剂、1%-5%冻干保护剂、2%-5%氨丁三醇、10%-20%氯化钠,其余为纯化水组成,以上百分比为该成分在载体中的质量百分比。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3或4所述的人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物为冻干粉制剂。
6.一种人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)无水乙醇中加入1%~5%人工合成肺表面活性剂、45%-60%二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、10%-20%棕榈油酰甘油磷酸甘油的钠盐、1%-5%冻干保护剂和0-10%棕榈酸,加热均质,混匀制成混合溶液A;
(2)纯化水中加入2%-5%氨丁三醇和10%-20%氯化钠,混匀,用PH值调节剂调节pH至5.0-7.0,制成缓冲液B;
(3)将混合溶液A加入至缓冲液B中,混合均匀,冷冻干燥获得该药物组合物,以上百分比为该成分在该药物组合物中的质量百分比。
7.一种含有人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物的肠溶胶囊,其特征在于,所述肠溶胶囊中含有10%-30%人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物、60%-80%的填充剂和1%-2%的润滑剂,以上百分比为各成分在肠溶胶囊中的质量百分比。
8.根据权利要求7所述含有人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物的肠溶胶囊,其特征在于,所述填充剂为乳糖、淀粉和微晶纤维素中的一种或多种。
9.一种含有人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物的肠溶胶囊其制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括以下步骤:
将10%-30%人工合成肺表面活性剂的药物组合物,粉碎,加入60%-80%的填充剂和1%-2%的润滑剂,混合30min,整粒,填充于肠溶胶囊壳中,得到肠溶胶囊,以上百分比为各成分在肠溶胶囊中的质量百分比。
10.一种人工合成肺表面活性剂药物组合物的用途,其特征在于,该药物组合物应用于治疗感染性肠炎药物的制备。
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