CN108819381A - 一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108819381A
CN108819381A CN201810672623.1A CN201810672623A CN108819381A CN 108819381 A CN108819381 A CN 108819381A CN 201810672623 A CN201810672623 A CN 201810672623A CN 108819381 A CN108819381 A CN 108819381A
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罗竹辉
颜猛
贾金荣
郭福林
周熙盛
贺才春
姜其斌
张亚新
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板及其制备方法，所述船舶舱室壁板的侧边设有连接结构，所述船舶舱室壁板包括五层结构，依次为面板(1)、夹层隔热材料层(2)、支撑芯材层(3)、夹层隔热材料层(2)和面板(1)，所述夹层隔热材料层(2)的隔热材料为气凝胶。本发明船舶舱室壁板相对于复合岩棉板而言，重量轻。本发明船舶舱室壁板相对于铝蜂窝板而言，耐火分隔性能和隔声性能有极大提高。

Description

一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于船舶舱室壁板领域，特别是涉及一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板及其制备方法。
背景技术
船舶舱室壁板主要起分隔舱室空间、隔音、隔热、防火作用。目前，常用的船舶舱室壁板主要为复合岩棉板和铝蜂窝板。以50mm厚度板为例，复合岩棉板可以达到B-15防火等级要求，隔音量在32dB左右，但重量重，面密度达到了17kg/m2左右，且岩棉施工环保性不好，容易产生对人体有刺激的纤维，且易潮，潮湿后保温性能变差；铝蜂窝板虽然轻，面密度仅为12kg/m2左右，但隔音量较复合岩棉板小2dB左右，且防火等级仅能达到B-0等级，且铝的导热系数高导致板的保温性能差。
因此，亟需一种重量轻、防火等级达到B-15、隔音性能好的船舶舱室壁板。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷，提供一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为：
一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，船舶舱室壁板的侧边设有连接结构，所述船舶舱室壁板包括五层结构，依次为面板、夹层隔热材料层、支撑芯材层、夹层隔热材料层和面板，所述夹层隔热材料层的隔热材料为气凝胶。
上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，优选的，所述气凝胶的密度为100～220kg/m3，导热系数≤0.02W/(m.k)，随着温度升高，导热系数变化较小。气凝胶的密度过小，制成的板强度和刚度满足不了要求；气凝胶的密度过大，板整体重量会增加，不能达到本发明轻量化的目的。
上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，优选的，所述面板为钢板或铝合金板；所述面板的厚度为0.5～2mm。面板必须为金属材料才能满足船舶壁板防火性能要求，所以选择钢板或铝合金板；面板的厚度是壁板刚度和重量之间取得一个平衡的厚度。
上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，优选的，所述钢板为镀锌钢板或贴塑钢板；所述面板的厚度为0.6mm。选择镀锌钢板或贴塑钢板的目的是为了防锈、美观。
上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，优选的，所述支撑芯材层为铝蜂窝或芳纶蜂窝。上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，优选的，所述芳纶蜂窝或铝蜂窝的密度≤80kg/m3。密度大于80kg/m3，对于壁板的性能来说是过剩的。
上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，更优选的，所述芳纶蜂窝或铝蜂窝的密度为36kg/m3。
上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，优选的，所述面板、夹层隔热材料层和支撑芯材层之间通过热熔胶粘接在一起。
上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，优选的，所述热熔胶为TPU热熔胶、PTFE热熔胶、EVA热熔胶、PA热熔胶中的一种。
上述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，优选的，所述壁板与壁板之间的连接形式为榫型连接、H型连接、插接和叠合中的一种。
作为一个总的发明构思，本发明还提供一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将面板、夹层隔热材料层和支撑芯材层预制成所述的形状和尺寸；
2)按照所述船舶舱室壁板结构将各层材料堆垛并在各层材料之间铺设热熔胶膜；
3)将堆垛好的结构放入压机，制成壁板。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述压机的温度为50～120℃，压力为1KPa～10MPa。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
1.本发明相对于复合岩棉板而言，重量轻。由于本发明支撑芯材使用芳纶蜂窝或铝蜂窝，而这两种材料的密度在40kg/m3左右即可满足壁板力学性能要求，夹层隔热材料层的隔热材料为气凝胶，气凝胶材料密度一般为150kg/m3左右。以50mm厚壁板为例，本发明板相对复合岩棉板，每平米板重量轻约4.4kg。
2.本发明相对于铝蜂窝板而言，耐火分隔性能和隔声性能有极大提高。由于本发明以气凝胶作为隔热夹层的隔热材料，气凝胶的导热系数为0.01～0.02W/(m.K)，而传统的复合岩棉板导热系数为0.03～0.04W/(m.K)，同时，复合岩棉板随着温度升高，导热系数升高速度很快，而气凝胶随着温度升高，导热系数升高的速度较慢，这样使得使用很薄的气凝胶即可满足B-15耐火分隔等级要求。对于铝蜂窝板，由于面板与铝蜂窝芯材直接连接，铝蜂窝层直接将板一侧的振动传递到另一侧，降低了板的隔声性能，而本发明中夹层气凝胶的声阻抗与钢板和铝蜂窝相差很大，能减弱振动噪声的传递，同时气凝胶还具有一定的吸声和隔声作用，进一步增加了板的隔声性能。
3.本发明将气凝胶置于面板与芯材之间，相比于将气凝胶填充到蜂窝孔格中间，提高了整个板的防火性能。将气凝胶填充到蜂窝孔格中间，则两侧面板通过蜂窝直接相连，蜂窝的导热系数比气凝胶高很多，这样形成了一个热桥。热量通过蜂窝直接进行了传递，极大地降低了整个板的防火性能。而本发明是将气凝胶置于面板与芯材之间，将热桥进行了打断，提高了整个板的防火性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板的结构示意图。
图2本发明实施例1中铝蜂窝结构示意图。
图3本发明实施例1中壁板与传统的50mm厚复合岩棉板，在进行模拟耐火分隔测试时的温度传递。
图4本发明实施例1中壁板与传统的50mm厚复合岩棉板，隔音量频率曲线。
图例说明：1、面板；2、夹层隔热材料层；3、支撑芯材层。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本发明做更全面、细致地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1：
一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，包括五层结构，依次为面板1、夹层隔热材料层2、支撑芯材层3、夹层隔热材料层2和面板1，如图1所示。面板1为0.6mm厚镀锌钢板；夹层隔热材料层2的隔热材料为纳米气凝胶，气凝胶层厚度为5mm，气凝胶的密度为180kg/m3，气凝胶的常温导热系数为0.019W/(m.k)；支撑芯材层3为铝蜂窝，铝蜂窝结构示意图如图2所示，铝蜂窝厚度T为30mm，铝蜂窝纸厚度0.07mm，孔格边长为12mm，铝蜂窝的密度为36kg/m3。
具体地，壁板整体宽度为0.55m，壁板整体高度为2.5m，壁板整体厚度50mm。
一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，其制作过程如下：
1)将面板1、夹层隔热材料层2和支撑芯材层3预制成图1所述的形状和尺寸；
2)按照所述船舶舱室壁板结构将各层材料堆垛并在各层材料之间铺设热熔胶膜；
3)将堆垛好的结构放入压机，压机压力为1Mpa，压机内温度为80摄氏度，保温保压15分钟，制成壁板。
制成壁板后，壁板整体的面密度为12.6kg/m2，而传统的50mm厚复合岩棉板的面密度为16.6kg/m2，重量降低了24％，具有轻量化的优势。
上述壁板与传统的50mm厚复合岩棉板，在进行模拟耐火分隔测试时的温度传递如图3所示。可见上述壁板满足耐火分隔等级B-15的要求。
上述壁板与传统的50mm厚复合岩棉板，隔音量频率曲线如图4所示，可见本发明壁板的隔音性能比传统的50mm复合岩棉板的隔音性能要好。

Claims (10)

1.一种轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，船舶舱室壁板的侧边设有连接结构，其特征在于，所述船舶舱室壁板包括五层结构，依次为面板(1)、夹层隔热材料层(2)、支撑芯材层(3)、夹层隔热材料层(2)和面板(1)，所述夹层隔热材料层(2)的隔热材料为气凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，其特征在于，所述气凝胶的密度为100～220kg/m3，常温导热系数≤0.02W/(m.k)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，其特征在于，所述面板(1)为钢板或铝合金板；所述面板(1)的厚度为0.5～2mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，其特征在于，所述钢板为镀锌钢板或贴塑钢板；所述面板(1)的厚度为0.6mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，其特征在于，所述支撑芯材层(3)为芳纶蜂窝或铝蜂窝。
6.根据权利要求5所述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，其特征在于，所述芳纶蜂窝或铝蜂窝的密度≤80kg/m3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，其特征在于，所述面板(1)、夹层隔热材料层(2)和支撑芯材层(3)之间通过热熔胶粘接在一起。
8.根据权利要求1所述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板，其特征在于，所述壁板与壁板之间的连接形式为榫型连接、H型连接、插接和叠合中的一种。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述的轻量化隔音耐火船舶舱室壁板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)将面板(1)、夹层隔热材料层(2)和支撑芯材层(3)预制成所述的形状和尺寸；
2)按照所述船舶舱室壁板结构将各层材料堆垛并在各层材料之间铺设热熔胶膜；
3)将堆垛好的结构放入压机，制成壁板。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述压机的温度为50～120℃，压力为1KPa～10MPa。
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Application publication date: 20181116