CN106499150A - 一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板 - Google Patents
一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,所述夹心板由上下两层面板(3)以及中间气凝胶蜂窝芯体组成。本发明防火阻燃,保温隔热,隔音性能好,强度高,抗压;抗冲击性能好;质量轻,对环境友好,具备良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑墙体材料领域,特别涉及一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板。
背景技术
当今世界能源问题已经成为影响发展的重大问题,由于建筑耗能在整个能源消耗中占30%~40%,所以建筑节能意义重大。使用建筑保温隔热材料是建筑节能的一个重要措施。同时由于大多数保温材料防火性能低下而引发的火灾事故不断,所以在建筑节能中,节能是主题,防火是关键,因此保温材料的防火性能是一个非常重要的考虑因素和技术指标。
(1)建筑屋面和墙体材料的防火安全性和隔热保温性能矛盾选择:
在建筑中通常使用有机和无机保温材料,在这二种形式的保温材料中始终存在保温节能性能和消防安全的矛盾选择。从保温性能而言,有机材料优于无机材料,如挤塑板的导热系数在0.028~0.03之间,保温性能良好。而无机类保温材料的导热系数一般在0.065左右,甚至更高。
从消防安全性能上看。无机类保温材料更好,多半为A级阻燃材料,而有机类保温材料耐热差,易燃烧而且在燃烧事故中会产生大量热雾,产生有毒烟气。不仅会加速大火蔓延,而且容易造成被困人员及救援人员伤亡。
(2)建筑屋面及墙体材料的防火安全及轻量化选择。
无机保温材料虽然具有很好的防火安全性能,但是其体积很大,使用无机保温材料的墙体厚而重。所以从消防安全,隔热节能性能及墙体的轻量化几个方面兼顾来看,需要一种阻燃性能,隔热性能好而且轻量坚固,抗压抗冲击性能优异安全可循环的生态建筑材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,该夹心板防火阻燃、隔热、保温、防水、透气、隔音、质量轻,强度高而且抗压和抗冲击性能好,对环境友好,可作为复合板材,各类方舱及建筑屋面及墙体材料的中间芯层,具备良好的应用前景。
本发明的一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,所述夹心板由上下两层面板以及中间气凝胶蜂窝芯体组成;其中,气凝胶蜂窝芯体的结构为:气凝胶片层全部覆盖蜂窝芯体表面。
所述气凝胶片层中的气凝胶为SiO2气凝胶。
所述气凝胶片层为气凝胶布、气凝胶毡、气凝胶板或气凝胶纸。
所述气凝胶片层的厚度为0.5-30mm。
所述蜂窝芯体的材料为铝、芳纶或纸。
所述面板的材料为金属、非金属、木材或复合材料。
所述气凝胶片层、蜂窝芯体、面板之间以及气凝胶片层各面之间通过粘结剂粘结或物理方式连接。
所述粘结剂为丙烯酸酯水基胶粘剂或聚氨酯胶粘剂。
本发明中气凝胶芯体的作用在于防火、隔热、保温、防水、透气、隔音,同时增加板材的抗压;抗沖击性能。两边板材体的作用在于增强强度,抗压抗冲击性能。
本发明的原理:
一、SiO2气凝胶特性
1.优越的隔热性能
由于SiO2气凝胶的纳米超级绝热性能,常温导热率<0.016w/m.k,为目前世界上导热系数最低的材料之一。
2.阻燃性能独特的耐火焰烧穿性能
SiO2气凝胶的自身不可燃,具有独特的耐火焰烧穿性能,可长时间承受火焰直接灼烧。在高温或火场中不释放有害物质,同时能有效阻隔火势的蔓延,为火场逃生提高时间。
3.良好的热稳定性及防水性
SiO2气凝胶热稳定温度高达600℃(700℃以上孔隙率降低直至烧结成细密的SiO2)在300℃以下具有超级的疏水性。
4.优异的隔音性
SiO2气凝胶具有极低的密度,极低的声传播速度,极低的介电常数,极高的比表面积,隔声性能优异。
5.较好的透光性
SiO2气凝胶具有透光性,可以有效地透过可见光,同时可以有效地阻隔红外辐射,减少能耗。
6.很好的化学稳定性,环保。
由于SiO2气凝胶主要成分为SiO2,环保无毒,可长期耐受除氢氟酸以外的大部分酸碱环境,不分解不变质。在常规使用环境下具有极长的寿命,整体疏水不会引起变形,并具有优良的绝热性能和隔声性能。
7.利用以上SiO2气凝胶的优异性能复合其它材料可以开发具有良好市场应用前景,完全可循环的生态建筑材料。
二、蜂窝夹层结构特性
1.强度高,表面平整,不易变型
蜂窝夹层结构近似各向同性结构稳定性好,不易变形,具有优异的抗压能力和抗弯能力。
2.抗冲击,缓冲性好
蜂窝夹芯层由铝,氨纶或纸制成。蜂窝夹芯层具有较好的韧性和回弹性。通过改变芯体的材料重量和几何尺寸,可以调整蜂窝芯层的抗压强度和缓冲性能。
3.隔音,吸热
蜂窝夹层结构内部为封密的小室,其中充满空气,具有很好的隔音和隔热保温性能。
4.无污染生态环保
蜂窝材料由无污染的纸及铝材料制成,可循环利用,生态环保。
5.重量轻,用材少,成本低
蜂窝夹芯层结构与其他各种格式结构相比,具有最大的强度重量比,从而使得成品具有高强度,轻量化特性,成本低,用材少。
三、气凝胶蜂窝芯体
利用SiO2气凝胶防火阻燃、隔热、保温、隔声、防水性能好及蜂窝芯夹层结构强度高,抗压,抗冲击性能好,用材少,轻量化的特性制成气凝胶蜂窝芯体,作为生产各类复合板材,方舱及建筑屋面及墙体材料的中间芯层,从而达到最终产品防火阻燃、保温、防水、隔声性能好而且强度高、抗压、抗冲击性能好,轻量化,生态环保。
有益效果
本发明解决了有机和无机保温材料防火和保温性能之间的矛盾选择,同时解决了无机保温材料防火性能好但是比较厚重,体积大的矛盾。在防火阻燃,隔热保温,产品高强度且轻量化方面做到了有机统一。产品防火阻燃、保温隔热、防水、透气、隔音、质量轻,强度高、抗压抗冲击性能好,对环境友好,可作为复合板材,各类方舱及建筑墙体材料使用,是一个符合市场需求的产品,具备良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例提供了一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,所述夹心板由上下两层面板3以及中间气凝胶蜂窝芯体组成;其中,气凝胶蜂窝芯体的结构为:气凝胶片层1全部覆盖蜂窝芯体2。气凝胶片层1为SiO2气凝胶。气凝胶片层1的厚度为0.5-30mm。蜂窝芯体2的材料为铝或芳纶。面板3的材料为金属,非金属,木材或其它复合材料。气凝胶片层1、蜂窝芯体2、面板3之间以及气凝胶片层1各面之间通过粘结剂粘结或其它物理连接;其中,粘结剂为丙烯酸酯水基胶粘剂或聚氨酯胶粘剂。
实施例2
如图1所示,本实施例提供了一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,所述夹心板由上下两层面板3以及中间气凝胶蜂窝芯体组成;其中,气凝胶蜂窝芯体的结构为:气凝胶片层1全部覆盖蜂窝芯体2。气凝胶片层1为SiO2气凝胶。气凝胶片层1的厚度为0.5-30mm。蜂窝芯体2的材料为纸(纸蜂窝芯体比重更轻,而且隔音、隔热、防潮、无毒性)。面板3的材料为金属,非金属,木材或其它复合材料。气凝胶片层1、蜂窝芯体2、面板3之间以及气凝胶片层1各面之间通过粘结剂粘结或其它物理连接;其中,粘结剂为丙烯酸酯水基胶粘剂或聚氨酯胶粘剂。
Claims (8)
1.一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,其特征在于:所述夹心板由上下两层面板(3)以及中间气凝胶蜂窝芯体组成;其中,气凝胶蜂窝芯体的结构为:气凝胶片层(1)全部覆盖蜂窝芯体(2)表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,其特征在于:所述气凝胶片层(1)中的气凝胶为SiO2气凝胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,其特征在于:所述气凝胶片层(1)为气凝胶布、气凝胶毡、气凝胶板或气凝胶纸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,其特征在于:所述气凝胶片层(1)的厚度为0.5-30mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,其特征在于:所述蜂窝芯体(2)的材料为铝、芳纶或纸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,其特征在于:所述面板(3)的材料为金属、非金属、木材或复合材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,其特征在于:所述气凝胶片层(1)、蜂窝芯体(2)、面板(3)之间以及气凝胶片层(1)各面之间通过粘结剂粘结或物理方式连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种气凝胶蜂窝夹心板,其特征在于:所述粘结剂为丙烯酸酯水基胶粘剂或聚氨酯胶粘剂。
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