CN105735494A - 一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105735494A
CN105735494A CN201610067278.XA CN201610067278A CN105735494A CN 105735494 A CN105735494 A CN 105735494A CN 201610067278 A CN201610067278 A CN 201610067278A CN 105735494 A CN105735494 A CN 105735494A
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aerogel
thermal insulation
vacuum
novel
insulation plate
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杨卓舒
纪勇
孟宪娴
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Zhuoda New Material Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • B32B2607/02—Wall papers, wall coverings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

本发明提供一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板及其制备方法，该真空绝热板由三层结构组成，上下两层为面板，中间一层为蜂窝纸；所述面板为建筑构造板、彩钢板、塑料板或纸板，所述蜂窝纸的空隙之间填满气凝胶颗粒或粉末。该真空绝热板的制备工艺简单，易操作，成本低，可以大规模商业生产，所得产品导热系数为0.01～0.02W/m·K；密度小、轻质、减震、隔音等优良性能；可以任意切割所需尺寸，使用方便；可以大量应用于高层建筑外墙保温的材料。

Description

一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种真空绝热板，具体涉及一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板及其制备方法。
背景技术
气凝胶是固体物质中导热系数最低的材料，仅仅略高于真空，大约为0.013W/m·K。气凝胶还具有极低的密度，是世界上公认的密度最小的固体，最低密度可以做到3kg/m3，比空气的密度略高。因此气凝胶是世界上保温效果最好、密度最小的保温材料。
氧化硅气凝胶的主体成分为二氧化硅，具有极好的耐高温和低温的性能，耐火温度可以高达1000度以上。因此气凝胶与传统的有机保温材料(聚氨酯、XPS、EPS保温板等)和无机保温材料(保温砂浆、岩棉等)相比较，其显著地特征是导热系数低、密度小、耐火温度高，具备了有机保温材料和无机保温材料两者的优势。
中国专利号CN103568379A披露了一种气凝胶复合板及其制备方法，所得该复合板的导热系数优于各种保温隔热材料，但是不及真空绝热板。
为了降低复合板的导热系数，本发明提出一种真空绝热板及其制备方法，得到保温效果优异的复合材料。
发明内容
为了克服上述存在的问题，本发明提供一种气凝胶与蜂窝纸复合制备真空绝热板的方法：以蜂窝纸为支撑骨架、气凝胶为填充材料(作为保温芯材)，两面粘结金属或者塑料面板，抽取真空，然后热塑封装，制备真空绝热板。该真空绝热板可应用在建筑保温领域，提供一种气凝胶在建筑保温方面的应用方式。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了采用下述技术方案：
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板，绝缘板由三层结构组成，上下两层为面板，中间一层为蜂窝纸；所述面板为建筑构造板、彩钢板、塑料板或纸板，所述蜂窝纸的空隙之间填满气凝胶颗粒或粉末。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的第一优选方案，气凝胶由下述组份制备所得：包括水泥80g，粉煤灰20g，胶粉1.2g，HPMC0.8g，木质素0.4g，PP纤维0.2g，疏水性气凝胶颗粒80g，水600ml。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的第二优选方案，气凝胶颗粒的密度为80～180kg/m3，导热系数小于0.02W/m·K，耐火温度高于650℃，吸水率小于3％。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的第三优选方案，蜂窝纸为油性材料或者塑料材料。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的第四优选方案，气凝胶是A级防火材料，所述绝热板防火为B级。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的第五优选方案，绝热板的导热系数为0.01～0.02W/m·K。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法，以蜂窝纸为支撑骨架，蜂窝纸的空隙之间填满气凝胶颗粒或者粉末，面板采用建筑构造板、彩钢板、塑料板或纸板等，然后四周进行粘结封装，抽取真空，热塑封装即得气凝胶真空绝热板。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法的第一优选方案，蜂窝纸与面板的粘结可以采用聚氨酯，硅酮密封胶或玻璃胶。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法的第二优选方案，面板上分布有吸气剂。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法的第二优选方案，封装的方式采用先预封装，留抽真空口的方式；或者周围预先放置热塑树脂，抽取真空，然后热塑层压的封装方式。
一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法的第二优选方案，真空的真空度范围为0.01Pa～10Pa。
与最接近的现有技术相比，本发明提供的技术方案具有以下优异效果：
1、本发明提供的真空绝热板的导热系数为0.01～0.02W/m·K；
4、本发明提供的真空绝热板还具有密度小、轻质、减震、隔音等优良性能；
5、本发明提供的真空绝热板可以任意切割所需尺寸，使用方便；
6、本发明提供的真空绝热板成本低，制备方法简单；
7、本发明提供的真空绝热板可以大量应用于高层建筑外墙保温的材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例作进一步详细说明，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
将气凝胶颗粒或者粉末填充蜂窝纸的六边形空隙，气凝胶颗粒或者粉末作为主体保温芯材。蜂窝纸的两面采用建筑结构板、彩钢板、塑料板、甚至是特殊的纸板，作为封装面板，粘结材料采用聚氨酯、硅铜密封胶、热塑树脂等粘结材料，并留取抽真空出口。然后，利用真空泵抽取真空，真空度为10Pa，热塑封装出气口，即得真空绝热板。
实施例2：
将气凝胶颗粒或者粉末填充蜂窝纸的六边形空隙，气凝胶颗粒或者粉末作为主体保温芯材。蜂窝纸的两面采用建筑结构板、彩钢板、塑料板、甚至是特殊的纸板，作为封装面板，粘结材料采用聚氨酯、硅铜密封胶、热塑树脂等粘结材料，并留取抽真空出口。然后，利用真空泵抽取真空，真空度为5Pa，热塑封装出气口，即得真空绝热板。
实施例3：
将气凝胶颗粒或者粉末填充蜂窝纸的六边形空隙，气凝胶颗粒或者粉末作为主体保温芯材。蜂窝纸的两面采用建筑结构板、彩钢板、塑料板、甚至是特殊的纸板，作为封装面板，粘结材料采用聚氨酯、硅铜密封胶、热塑树脂等粘结材料，并留取抽真空出口。然后，利用真空泵抽取真空，真空度为0.1Pa，热塑封装出气口，即得真空绝热板。
实施例4：
将气凝胶颗粒或者粉末填充蜂窝纸的六边形空隙，气凝胶颗粒或者粉末作为主体保温芯材。蜂窝纸的两面采用建筑结构板、彩钢板、塑料板、甚至是特殊的纸板，作为封装面板，四周填入封装热塑树脂。然后，利用真空泵抽取真空，真空度为10Pa，加热直到热塑树脂融化温度，层压封装，冷却，即得真空绝热板。
实施例5：
将气凝胶颗粒或者粉末填充蜂窝纸的六边形空隙，气凝胶颗粒或者粉末作为主体保温芯材。蜂窝纸的两面采用建筑结构板、彩钢板、塑料板、甚至是特殊的纸板，作为封装面板，四周填入封装热塑树脂。然后，利用真空泵抽取真空，真空度为5Pa，加热直到热塑树脂融化温度，层压封装，冷却，即得真空绝热板。
实施例6：
将气凝胶颗粒或者粉末填充蜂窝纸的六边形空隙，气凝胶颗粒或者粉末作为主体保温芯材。蜂窝纸的两面采用建筑结构板、彩钢板、塑料板、甚至是特殊的纸板，作为封装面板，四周填入封装热塑树脂。然后，利用真空泵抽取真空，真空度为0.1Pa，加热直到热塑树脂融化温度，层压封装，冷却，即得真空绝热板。
对比例：
将气凝胶颗粒或者粉末填充蜂窝纸的六边形空隙，气凝胶颗粒或者粉末作为主体保温芯材。蜂窝纸的两面采用建筑结构板、彩钢板、塑料板、甚至是特殊的纸板，作为封装面板，粘结材料采用聚氨酯、硅铜密封胶、热塑树脂等粘结材料，不抽取真空对四周进行粘结。
对上述各例中的产品进行导热系数测试，测试结果如下表：
表1各实施例产品对应的性能参数
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解，参照上述实施例可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板，其特征在于，所述绝热板由三层结构组成，上下两层为面板，中间一层为蜂窝纸；所述面板为建筑构造板、彩钢板、塑料板或纸板，所述蜂窝纸的空隙之间填满气凝胶颗粒或粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板，其特征在于，所述气凝胶由下述组份制备所得：包括水泥80g，粉煤灰20g，胶粉1.2g，HPMC0.8g，木质素0.4g，PP纤维0.2g，疏水性气凝胶颗粒80g，水600ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板，其特征在于，所述气凝胶颗粒的密度为80～180kg/m3，导热系数小于0.02W/m·K，耐火温度高于650℃，吸水率小于3％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板，其特征在于，所述蜂窝纸为油性材料或者塑料材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板，其特征在于，所述气凝胶是A级防火材料，所述绝热板防火为B级。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板，其特征在于，所述绝热板的导热系数为0.01～0.02W/m·K。
7.一种权利要求1所述的新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法，其特征在于，以蜂窝纸为支撑骨架，蜂窝纸的空隙之间填满气凝胶颗粒或者粉末，面板采用建筑构造板、彩钢板、塑料板或纸板等，然后四周进行粘结封装，抽取真空，热塑封装即得气凝胶真空绝热板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述蜂窝纸与所述面板的粘结可以采用聚氨酯，硅酮密封胶或玻璃胶。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述面板上分布有吸气剂。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种新型气凝胶真空绝热板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述封装的方式采用先预封装，留抽真空口的方式；或者周围预先放置热塑树脂，抽取真空，然后热塑层压的封装方式；所述真空的真空度范围为0.01Pa～10Pa。
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