CN108819368A - 一种隔热复合板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种隔热复合板材，包括碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜，所述碳纤维板材本体的上下表面均设置有隔气薄膜，所述保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层依次设置在隔气薄膜的外侧；所述的封裹芯部材料是隔气薄膜，所述菱镁板由两层中碱或无碱的玻璃网格布和一层改性氯氧镁水泥层组成，且所述水泥层设在两层玻璃网格布的中间。本发明具有保温隔热、阻燃和防水防潮的优点，使用非常轻便；在复合板材外部设置了保护膜，使得复合板材在使用前能够被较好地运送和保存，使得板材不易受到损伤；耐用性能好，抗透气性能与透湿性能好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及板材制备技术领域，具体是一种隔热复合板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
复合板材应用于各个领域。人们对于现有技术的复合板材要求其具有较强的硬度、高抗冲击力、耐热和耐腐蚀性能。随着人们生活水平的不断提高，消费者越来越重视室内装修及家具等的牢固性和耐用性，而室内装修及家具等的优劣主要取决于其采用的加工板材的状况及其质量。
目前，市场上的板材种类繁多，规格和档次也各不相同，主要的板材种类有实木板、密度板、刨花板、钢板等。
其中，实木板采用原木经切割而成，质地坚韧，属于较为高级的板材，但其容易受温度，湿度等环境因素影响而产生开裂、变形等的问题，而且实木板在使用时需要在其表面喷涂液体漆，而液体漆的气味较大。完全挥发需要很长时间。
密度板和刨花板，采用竹/木的碎屑混入胶黏剂后挤压成型，属于中低档的板材。由于胶黏剂中还有大量的有毒物质，因此对人健康造成伤害；而且，其同样存在与实木板类似的容易开裂、变形等缺点。
综上所述，市场上现有的各种板材都存在一定的问题或缺点，因此，提供一种即便于组装、结实平整，又环保无污染的板材已经成为本领域技术认为待解决的重要问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种保温隔热效果好、成本低廉的隔热复合板材及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种隔热复合板材，包括碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜，所述碳纤维板材本体的上下表面均设置有隔气薄膜，所述保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层依次设置在隔气薄膜的外侧；所述的封裹芯部材料是隔气薄膜，所述菱镁板由两层中碱或无碱的玻璃网格布和一层改性氯氧镁水泥层组成，且所述水泥层设在两层玻璃网格布的中间，碳纤维板材本体包括碳纤维材料和轴向填充在碳纤维材料中间的细钢丝构成，所述碳纤维材料由碳纤维纺布及基体树脂组成，所述填充在碳纤维板材基体内部的细钢丝采用高强度钢丝，其拉伸强度不小于1500Mpa，所述气凝胶板由隔热材料基体和气凝胶制成，其中，气凝胶由正硅酸乙酯、酒精和蒸馏水以摩尔比1：3-5：2-4制成。
作为本发明进一步的方案：
所述的隔气薄膜厚度是0.3-0.5mm。
作为本发明进一步的方案：
所述的隔气薄膜由多层塑料薄膜组成，每层薄膜的原料选自PVDC、PVOH、EVOH、EVA、PS或其混合物。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：
所述保温层为酚醛泡沫塑料保温板、EPS模塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温板、XPS挤塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温板、橡塑泡沫塑料保温板或玻璃棉保温板。
所述隔热复合板材的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯与酒精混合均匀，然后加入蒸馏水，调节pH至3-4，得溶胶，将隔热材料基体定型成平板状，将得到的溶胶真空虹吸到定型后的隔热材料基体内，调节pH至6-7使其凝胶，向得到的凝胶后的隔热材料基体中加入酒精溶剂，进行老化，老化温度为50-60℃、老化时间为1-3d，将得到的老化后的隔热材料基体进行超临界干燥，超临界干燥所用的介质为乙醇，干燥温度为270-280℃，干燥时间为2-4h，压力控制在7-8MPa制得气凝胶板备用；
（2）制造板材成型模具，然后在模具中依次铺上保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层、隔气薄膜、碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜；
（3）盖上模具上盖，加热并抽真空成型，加热为80-120℃，抽真空为0.02-0.08MPa。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明具有保温隔热、阻燃和防水防潮的优点，使用非常轻便；在复合板材外部设置了保护膜，使得复合板材在使用前能够被较好地运送和保存，使得板材不易受到损伤；耐用性能好，抗透气性能与透湿性能好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种隔热复合板材，包括碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜，所述碳纤维板材本体的上下表面均设置有隔气薄膜，所述保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层依次设置在隔气薄膜的外侧；所述的封裹芯部材料是隔气薄膜，所述菱镁板由两层中碱或无碱的玻璃网格布和一层改性氯氧镁水泥层组成，且所述水泥层设在两层玻璃网格布的中间，碳纤维板材本体包括碳纤维材料和轴向填充在碳纤维材料中间的细钢丝构成，所述碳纤维材料由碳纤维纺布及基体树脂组成，所述填充在碳纤维板材基体内部的细钢丝采用高强度钢丝，其拉伸强度不小于1500Mpa，所述气凝胶板由隔热材料基体和气凝胶制成，其中，气凝胶由正硅酸乙酯、酒精和蒸馏水以摩尔比1：3-5：2-4制成；所述的隔气薄膜厚度是0.3-0.5mm；所述的隔气薄膜由多层塑料薄膜组成，每层薄膜的原料选自PVDC、PVOH、EVOH、EVA、PS或其混合物；所述保温层为酚醛泡沫塑料保温板、EPS模塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温板、XPS挤塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温板、橡塑泡沫塑料保温板或玻璃棉保温板。
所述隔热复合板材的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯与酒精混合均匀，然后加入蒸馏水，调节pH至3，得溶胶，将隔热材料基体定型成平板状，将得到的溶胶真空虹吸到定型后的隔热材料基体内，调节pH至6使其凝胶，向得到的凝胶后的隔热材料基体中加入酒精溶剂，进行老化，老化温度为50℃、老化时间为1d，将得到的老化后的隔热材料基体进行超临界干燥，超临界干燥所用的介质为乙醇，干燥温度为270℃，干燥时间为2h，压力控制在7MPa制得气凝胶板备用；
（2）制造板材成型模具，然后在模具中依次铺上保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层、隔气薄膜、碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜；
（3）盖上模具上盖，加热并抽真空成型，加热为80℃，抽真空为0.02MPa。
实施例2
一种隔热复合板材，同实施例1。
所述隔热复合板材的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯与酒精混合均匀，然后加入蒸馏水，调节pH至3.2，得溶胶，将隔热材料基体定型成平板状，将得到的溶胶真空虹吸到定型后的隔热材料基体内，调节pH至6.2使其凝胶，向得到的凝胶后的隔热材料基体中加入酒精溶剂，进行老化，老化温度为52℃、老化时间为1.5d，将得到的老化后的隔热材料基体进行超临界干燥，超临界干燥所用的介质为乙醇，干燥温度为272℃，干燥时间为2.5h，压力控制在7.2MPa制得气凝胶板备用；
（2）制造板材成型模具，然后在模具中依次铺上保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层、隔气薄膜、碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜；
（3）盖上模具上盖，加热并抽真空成型，加热为90℃，抽真空为0.04MPa。
实施例3
一种隔热复合板材，同实施例1。
所述隔热复合板材的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯与酒精混合均匀，然后加入蒸馏水，调节pH至3.5，得溶胶，将隔热材料基体定型成平板状，将得到的溶胶真空虹吸到定型后的隔热材料基体内，调节pH至6.5使其凝胶，向得到的凝胶后的隔热材料基体中加入酒精溶剂，进行老化，老化温度为55℃、老化时间为2d，将得到的老化后的隔热材料基体进行超临界干燥，超临界干燥所用的介质为乙醇，干燥温度为275℃，干燥时间为3h，压力控制在7.5MPa制得气凝胶板备用；
（2）制造板材成型模具，然后在模具中依次铺上保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层、隔气薄膜、碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜；
（3）盖上模具上盖，加热并抽真空成型，加热为100℃，抽真空为0.05MPa。
实施例4
一种隔热复合板材，同实施例1。
所述隔热复合板材的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯与酒精混合均匀，然后加入蒸馏水，调节pH至3.8，得溶胶，将隔热材料基体定型成平板状，将得到的溶胶真空虹吸到定型后的隔热材料基体内，调节pH至6.8使其凝胶，向得到的凝胶后的隔热材料基体中加入酒精溶剂，进行老化，老化温度为58℃、老化时间为2.5d，将得到的老化后的隔热材料基体进行超临界干燥，超临界干燥所用的介质为乙醇，干燥温度为278℃，干燥时间为3.5h，压力控制在7.8MPa制得气凝胶板备用；
（2）制造板材成型模具，然后在模具中依次铺上保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层、隔气薄膜、碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜；
（3）盖上模具上盖，加热并抽真空成型，加热为110℃，抽真空为0.06MPa。
实施例5
一种隔热复合板材，同实施例1。
所述隔热复合板材的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯与酒精混合均匀，然后加入蒸馏水，调节pH至4，得溶胶，将隔热材料基体定型成平板状，将得到的溶胶真空虹吸到定型后的隔热材料基体内，调节pH至7使其凝胶，向得到的凝胶后的隔热材料基体中加入酒精溶剂，进行老化，老化温度为60℃、老化时间为3d，将得到的老化后的隔热材料基体进行超临界干燥，超临界干燥所用的介质为乙醇，干燥温度为280℃，干燥时间为4h，压力控制在8MPa制得气凝胶板备用；
（2）制造板材成型模具，然后在模具中依次铺上保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层、隔气薄膜、碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜；
（3）盖上模具上盖，加热并抽真空成型，加热为120℃，抽真空为0.08MPa。
本发明具有保温隔热、阻燃和防水防潮的优点，使用非常轻便；在复合板材外部设置了保护膜，使得复合板材在使用前能够被较好地运送和保存，使得板材不易受到损伤；耐用性能好，抗透气性能与透湿性能好。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明，但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (5)
1.一种隔热复合板材，其特征在于，包括碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜，所述碳纤维板材本体的上下表面均设置有隔气薄膜，所述保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层依次设置在隔气薄膜的外侧；所述的封裹芯部材料是隔气薄膜，所述菱镁板由两层中碱或无碱的玻璃网格布和一层改性氯氧镁水泥层组成，且所述水泥层设在两层玻璃网格布的中间，碳纤维板材本体包括碳纤维材料和轴向填充在碳纤维材料中间的细钢丝构成，所述碳纤维材料由碳纤维纺布及基体树脂组成，所述填充在碳纤维板材基体内部的细钢丝采用高强度钢丝，其拉伸强度不小于1500Mpa，所述气凝胶板由隔热材料基体和气凝胶制成，其中，气凝胶由正硅酸乙酯、酒精和蒸馏水以摩尔比1：3-5：2-4制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔热复合板材，其特征在于，所述的隔气薄膜厚度是0.3-0.5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的隔热复合板材，其特征在于，所述的隔气薄膜由多层塑料薄膜组成，每层薄膜的原料选自PVDC、PVOH、EVOH、EVA、PS或其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的隔热复合板材，其特征在于，所述保温层为酚醛泡沫塑料保温板、EPS模塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温板、XPS挤塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温板、橡塑泡沫塑料保温板或玻璃棉保温板。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一所述的隔热复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯与酒精混合均匀，然后加入蒸馏水，调节pH至3-4，得溶胶，将隔热材料基体定型成平板状，将得到的溶胶真空虹吸到定型后的隔热材料基体内，调节pH至6-7使其凝胶，向得到的凝胶后的隔热材料基体中加入酒精溶剂，进行老化，老化温度为50-60℃、老化时间为1-3d，将得到的老化后的隔热材料基体进行超临界干燥，超临界干燥所用的介质为乙醇，干燥温度为270-280℃，干燥时间为2-4h，压力控制在7-8MPa制得气凝胶板备用；
（2）制造板材成型模具，然后在模具中依次铺上保护膜、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、防水层、保温板层、隔气薄膜、碳纤维板材本体、隔气薄膜、保温板层、菱镁板层、气凝胶板、菱镁板层、保护膜；
（3）盖上模具上盖，加热并抽真空成型，加热为80-120℃，抽真空为0.02-0.08MPa。
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