CN108812265B - Pepper soilless culture method for improving vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content - Google Patents

Pepper soilless culture method for improving vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content Download PDF

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CN108812265B
CN108812265B CN201810571927.9A CN201810571927A CN108812265B CN 108812265 B CN108812265 B CN 108812265B CN 201810571927 A CN201810571927 A CN 201810571927A CN 108812265 B CN108812265 B CN 108812265B
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CN108812265A (en
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李汛
段增强
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Institute of Soil Science of CAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

A soilless culture method for capsicum with increased vitamin C content and reduced nitrate content comprises selecting growth substrate containing oxamide and plant ash as key components during the whole growth period of capsicum; irrigating a proper amount of clear water every day from the germination to the initial flowering phase of the pepper seeds, and regulating and controlling water and fertilizer by adding nutrient solution into the soilless culture substrate from the initial flowering phase to the fruit picking phase of the pepper seeds; and performing illumination control one week before picking the peppers. The technical method can be used for the open field cultivation and greenhouse cultivation of the peppers, is simple and convenient to operate, has stable and reliable results, can greatly reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizers, and reduces the cultivation cost and the risk of environmental pollution.

Description

Pepper soilless culture method for improving vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a soilless cultivation method for improving the quality of hot peppers, which aims to improve the content of vitamin C in the hot peppers, reduce the content of nitrate and improve the quality and the edible safety of the hot peppers.
Background
Due to the absence of enzymes associated with vitamin C synthesis in primates, including humans, humans can only ingest vitamin C from the diet. Once a human body is lack of vitamin C, the limbs are weak, the resistance is reduced, the wound is difficult to heal, and the disease is easily infected, so that the vitamin C is a vitamin with the largest demand on the human body. Fresh fruits and vegetables are the best source for supplementing vitamin C for human beings, wherein, the capsicum is one of the vegetables with the most vitamin C, so the content of the vitamin C is one of the important indexes for measuring the quality of the capsicum. At the same time, however, vegetables are also an important source of nitrate ingested by the human body, and the nitrate is reduced into nitrite or imine in the human body, which causes great harm to the human health. Therefore, how to produce the pepper with high vitamin C content and low nitrate content by improving the cultivation technology is a realistic and urgent problem to be solved.
The synthesis of the vitamin C in the plant depends on sugar metabolism, and the higher nitrogen fertilizer level can promote the photosynthesis of the plant to be beneficial to the accumulation of carbohydrate substances and provide sufficient substrates for the synthesis of the vitamin C. However, the concentration of the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is too high in the early growth stage of the pepper, which easily causes seedling burning, and the overproof nitrate of the pepper is easily caused by applying the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the fruiting stage of the pepper, so that the production of the pepper with high vitamin C content and low nitrate content is difficult to realize. The oxamide serving as a novel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can stably provide nitrogen required by crop growth in the whole growth period of the crops, seedlings cannot be burned in the initial growth period, excessive nitrogen cannot be generated in the fruiting period, no residue and no toxic or side effect exist in the degradation process, and the oxamide is applied to lawns, flowers and field crops, but the oxamide serving as a soilless culture substrate for improving the pepper quality is not reported.
On the other hand, the fertilizing of the potassium fertilizer can also promote the photosynthesis of crops and the transportation of saccharides, thereby promoting the formation of vitamin C. However, similar to the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, the excessive application of the quick-acting potassium fertilizer can cause the seedling burning of crops and the malformation of fruits. How to manage and regulate the form and the release mode of the potassium fertilizer to reasonably match the potassium fertilizer with the nitrogen fertilizer, and the growth and the quality improvement of the pepper are met, further innovation and optimization are needed.
In addition, since synthetic substrate sugars of vitamin C are derived from photosynthesis of plants, light irradiation also has an important influence on the vitamin C content in vegetables. Chinese patent CN102144503B provides a method for increasing the content of vitamin C in leaf vegetables and reducing the content of nitrate by short-term continuous illumination. However, solanaceous vegetables such as peppers do not eat leaves of the solanaceous vegetables, how sugars synthesized in the leaves are transported to fruits, how synthesis, transportation, distribution and accumulation of vitamin C and nitrate in the leaves and the fruits are influenced by illumination, and how to produce the peppers with high vitamin C content and low nitrate content through illumination regulation and control all need a large number of experiments for exploration and optimization.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: in order to fill the blank of the research on the quality control of the peppers, the invention provides a pepper soilless culture method for improving the content of vitamin C and reducing the content of nitrate.
The technical scheme is as follows: a soilless culture method for hot pepper capable of improving vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content comprises the following steps: A. selecting a growth substrate taking oxamide and plant ash as key components in the whole growth period of the pepper, wherein the mass percent of the oxamide is 3-6%, and the mass percent of the plant ash is 5-8%; B. during the period from germination to initial flowering of the pepper seeds, proper amount of clear water is poured every day to keep the relative water content of the matrix to be 70-75% of the maximum water holding capacity; in the period from the initial flowering stage to the fruit picking stage of the pepper, water and fertilizer are regulated and controlled by adding nutrient solution into the soilless culture substrate: wherein the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution from the initial flowering stage to the initial fruit stage of the hot pepper is 10-15mM, the phosphorus concentration is 1.0-2.0mM, and the potassium concentration is 4.0-6.0 mM; the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution from the initial fruit period to the fruit picking period of the hot pepper is 2.0-4.0mM, the phosphorus concentration is 0.5-1.0mM, the potassium concentration is 6.0-8.0mM, and the irrigation frequency of the nutrient solution is based on the fact that the relative water content of a substrate is kept to be 60% -70% of the maximum water holding capacity; C. and performing illumination control one week before picking the peppers.
The formula of the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 50 percent of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30 to 36 percent of mushroom residue, 8 to 10 percent of river sand, 3 to 6 percent of oxamide and 5 to 8 percent of plant ash; the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by decomposing and fermenting cow dung, rapeseed cakes and rice straws according to the weight ratio of dry matters of 5.4:2.8: 1.8.
The formula of the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 48% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30% of mushroom slag, 8% of river sand, 6% of oxamide solid particles and 8% of plant ash.
The oxamide in the soilless culture substrate formula is solid particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm.
The specific method for controlling illumination one week before picking the peppers comprises the following steps: the pepper plants receive light for 18 hours and darkness for 6 hours every day; the illumination intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
The soilless culture method for the peppers, which improves the vitamin C content and reduces the nitrate content, is suitable for open-air culture or greenhouse culture of the peppers.
Has the advantages that: the invention has the following characteristics: A. adding novel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer oxamide into a soilless culture substrate to stably supply nitrogen required by the growth of the pepper in the whole growth period; B. rapeseed cakes and mushroom residues rich in potassium are used in the soilless culture substrate raw materials, and plant ash is added to supply potassium required by the growth of the hot pepper; C. performing water and fertilizer management at different growth stages of the peppers; D. and (4) performing illumination regulation and control in the early stage of pepper picking. By the optimized cultivation management method, the content of vitamin C in the peppers can be greatly improved, the content of nitrate can be reduced while the yield of the peppers is kept stable, and the quality and the edible safety of the peppers are further improved. In conclusion, the technical method can be used for the open field cultivation and the greenhouse cultivation of the peppers, is simple and convenient to operate, has stable and reliable results, can greatly reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizers and reduces the cultivation cost and the risk of environmental pollution.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below by way of specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way. The technical scheme of the invention is a conventional technology unless particularly stated.
Example 1
A soilless culture method (applying powdered oxamide) for hot pepper capable of increasing vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content comprises the following steps:
mixing cow dung, rapeseed cakes and crushed rice straws according to the weight ratio of dry matters of 5.4:2.8:1.8, adding a commercial organic fertilizer starter, performing composting fermentation, and performing decomposition fermentation at 50-65 ℃ for about 20 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer. The mushroom residue is a waste culture medium after the needle mushroom is planted, and the water content is about 10 percent; sieving river sand with 10 mesh sieve before use; the plant ash is prepared by carbonizing rice hull.
The components are as follows by mass percent: thoroughly mixing 48% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 34% of mushroom residue, 10% of river sand, 3% of powdered oxamide and 5% of plant ash to obtain the soilless culture substrate.
Filling a soilless culture substrate into growth grooves (30 m in length, 5m in width and 0.5m in depth), selecting full and pregerminated new Chili NO. 1 pepper seeds, and scattering the seeds into the culture substrate, wherein the seeding density is 20 seeds/m2。
During the period from germination to initial flowering of the pepper seeds, a proper amount of clear water is poured every day to keep the relative water content of the matrix to be 70% of the maximum water holding capacity. And (3) irrigating a proper amount of nutrient solution A every day from the initial flowering period to the initial fruit period of the hot pepper to keep the relative water content of the substrate to be 65% of the maximum water holding capacity, wherein the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution A is 15mM, the phosphorus concentration is 2.0mM and the potassium concentration is 6.0 mM. And (3) irrigating a proper amount of nutrient solution B every day from the initial fruit period to the fruit picking period of the hot pepper to keep the relative water content of the substrate to be 65% of the maximum water holding capacity, wherein the nitrogen concentration, the phosphorus concentration and the potassium concentration in the nutrient solution B are respectively 4.0mM, 0.5mM and 6.0 mM.
The illumination control is carried out when the color of the pepper changes from green to red one week before picking, the pepper plants receive the illumination for 18 hours every day and the pepper plants receive the illumination for 6 hours in the dark. When the natural illumination intensity is less than 80 mu mol.m within 18 hours of receiving illumination-2·s-1In the meantime, the LED white light source is used for supplementing light to make the illumination intensity reach 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
When the red pepper turns red completely, the pepper is picked.
Example 2
A pepper soilless culture method for improving vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content (by applying powdered oxamide and optimizing the proportion) comprises the following steps:
mixing cow dung, rapeseed cakes and crushed rice straws according to the weight ratio of dry matters of 5.4:2.8:1.8, adding a commercial organic fertilizer starter, performing composting fermentation, and performing decomposition fermentation at 50-65 ℃ for about 20 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer. The mushroom residue is a waste culture medium after the needle mushroom is planted, and the water content is about 10 percent; sieving river sand with 10 mesh sieve before use; the plant ash is prepared by carbonizing rice hull.
The components are as follows by mass percent: thoroughly mixing 45% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 35% of mushroom residue, 10% of river sand, 4% of powdered oxamide and 6% of plant ash to prepare the soilless culture substrate.
Filling a soilless culture substrate into growth grooves (30 m in length, 5m in width and 0.5m in depth), selecting full and pregerminated new Chili NO. 1 pepper seeds, and scattering the seeds into the culture substrate, wherein the seeding density is 20 seeds/m2。
During the period from germination to initial flowering of the pepper seeds, a proper amount of clear water is poured every day to keep the relative water content of the matrix to be 70% of the maximum water holding capacity. And (3) irrigating a proper amount of nutrient solution A every day from the initial flowering period to the initial fruit period of the hot pepper to keep the relative water content of the substrate to be 65% of the maximum water holding capacity, wherein the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution A is 10mM, the phosphorus concentration is 2.0mM and the potassium concentration is 6.0 mM. And (3) irrigating a proper amount of nutrient solution B every day from the initial fruit period to the fruit picking period of the hot pepper to keep the relative water content of the substrate to be 65% of the maximum water holding capacity, wherein the nitrogen concentration, the phosphorus concentration and the potassium concentration in the nutrient solution B are respectively 3.0mM, 0.8mM and 8.0 mM.
The illumination control is carried out when the color of the pepper changes from green to red one week before picking, the pepper plants receive the illumination for 18 hours every day and the pepper plants receive the illumination for 6 hours in the dark. When the natural illumination intensity is less than 80 mu mol.m within 18 hours of receiving illumination-2·s-1In the meantime, the LED white light source is used for supplementing light to make the illumination intensity reach 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
When the red pepper turns red completely, the pepper is picked.
Example 3
A soilless culture method (applying granular oxamide) for hot pepper capable of increasing vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content comprises the following steps:
mixing cow dung, rapeseed cakes and crushed rice straws according to the weight ratio of dry matters of 5.4:2.8:1.8, adding a commercial organic fertilizer starter, performing composting fermentation, and performing decomposition fermentation at 50-65 ℃ for about 20 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
The following components are mixed according to mass percent: 48% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 36% of mushroom residue, 8% of river sand, 3% of oxamide solid particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm and 5% of plant ash are fully mixed to prepare the soilless culture substrate.
Filling a soilless culture substrate into growth grooves (30 m in length, 5m in width and 0.5m in depth), selecting full and pregerminated new Chili NO. 1 pepper seeds, and scattering the seeds into the culture substrate, wherein the seeding density is 20 seeds/m2。
During the period from germination to initial flowering of the pepper seeds, a proper amount of clear water is poured every day to keep the relative water content of the matrix to be 70% of the maximum water holding capacity. And (3) irrigating a proper amount of nutrient solution A every day from the initial flowering period to the initial fruit period of the hot pepper to keep the relative water content of the substrate to be 65% of the maximum water holding capacity, wherein the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution A is 15mM, the phosphorus concentration is 2.0mM and the potassium concentration is 4.0 mM. And (3) irrigating a proper amount of nutrient solution B every day from the initial fruit period to the fruit picking period of the hot pepper to keep the relative water content of the substrate to be 65% of the maximum water holding capacity, wherein the nitrogen concentration, the phosphorus concentration and the potassium concentration in the nutrient solution B are respectively 3.0mM, 1.0mM and 8.0 mM.
The illumination control is carried out when the color of the pepper changes from green to red one week before the pepper is picked, and the pepper plants receive the illumination for 18 hours and the darkness for 6 hours every day. When the natural illumination intensity is less than 80 mu mol.m within 18 hours of receiving illumination-2·s-1In the meantime, the LED white light source is used for supplementing light to make the illumination intensity reach 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
When the red pepper turns red completely, the pepper is picked.
Example 4
A pepper soilless culture method for improving vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content (by applying granular oxamide and optimized proportion) comprises the following steps:
mixing cow dung, rapeseed cakes and crushed rice straws according to the weight ratio of dry matters of 5.4:2.8:1.8, adding a commercial organic fertilizer starter, performing composting fermentation, and performing decomposition fermentation at 50-65 ℃ for about 20 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
The following components are mixed according to mass percent: 48% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30% of mushroom residue, 8% of river sand, 6% of oxamide solid particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm and 8% of plant ash are fully mixed to prepare the soilless culture substrate.
Filling a soilless culture substrate into growth grooves (30 m in length, 5m in width and 0.5m in depth), selecting full and pregerminated new Chili NO. 1 pepper seeds, and scattering the seeds into the culture substrate, wherein the seeding density is 20 seeds/m2。
During the period from germination to initial flowering of the pepper seeds, a proper amount of clear water is poured every day to keep the relative water content of the matrix to be 70% of the maximum water holding capacity. And (3) irrigating a proper amount of nutrient solution A every day from the initial flowering period to the initial fruit period of the hot pepper to keep the relative water content of the substrate to be 65% of the maximum water holding capacity, wherein the nitrogen concentration, the phosphorus concentration and the potassium concentration in the nutrient solution A are 14mM, 1.5mM and 4.0mM respectively. And (3) irrigating a proper amount of nutrient solution B every day from the initial fruit period to the fruit picking period of the hot pepper to keep the relative water content of the substrate to be 65% of the maximum water holding capacity, wherein the nitrogen concentration, the phosphorus concentration and the potassium concentration in the nutrient solution B are respectively 2.0mM, 0.8mM and 6.0 mM.
The illumination control is carried out when the color of the pepper changes from green to red one week before the pepper is picked, and the pepper plants receive the illumination for 18 hours and the darkness for 6 hours every day. When the natural illumination intensity is less than 80 mu mol.m within 18 hours of receiving illumination-2·s-1In the meantime, the LED white light source is used for supplementing light to make the illumination intensity reach 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
When the red pepper turns red completely, the pepper is picked.
TABLE 1 influence of different cultivation methods on the economic yield and quality of pepper
Figure BDA0001680213180000061
Note: the difference is significant in different lower case letters after the same column of data in the table (P <0.05)
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, compared with a commercial seedling substrate (CK), the soilless culture substrate (OX) containing powdered oxamide can improve the yield of the peppers and increase the vitamin content; further implementation of nutrient management (OX + NS) according to the invention on the basis of OX treatment allows further increase in pepper yield, increase in vitamin content, and simultaneous decrease in nitrate content; further implementation of the light management of the present invention on the basis of OX + NS treatment (example 1) allows for increased vitamin content while reduced nitrate content under conditions where pepper yield remains stable. Treatment with granular oxamide (example 3) also achieved comparable pepper yield and quality to treatment with powdered oxamide. Compared with a Control (CK), the optimized pepper soilless culture method (examples 2 and 4) capable of improving the vitamin C content and reducing the nitrate content improves the economic yield of peppers by 7.40% -11.25%, increases the vitamin C content by 77.62% -84.34%, and reduces the nitrate content by 41.08% -43.10%.
Therefore, the soilless culture method for the peppers with the increased vitamin C content and the reduced nitrate content can not only increase the economic yield of the peppers, but also increase the vitamin C content by over 75 percent, reduce the nitrate content by over 40 percent, greatly improve the quality of the peppers and improve the edible safety of the peppers.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible variations to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A soilless culture method for hot pepper capable of improving vitamin C content and reducing nitrate content is characterized by comprising the following steps: A. selecting a growth substrate taking oxamide and plant ash as key components in the whole growth period of the pepper, wherein the mass percent of the oxamide is 3-6%, and the mass percent of the plant ash is 5-8%; B. during the period from germination to initial flowering of the pepper seeds, proper amount of clear water is poured every day to keep the relative water content of the matrix to be 70-75% of the maximum water holding capacity; in the period from the initial flowering stage to the fruit picking stage of the pepper, water and fertilizer are regulated and controlled by adding nutrient solution into the soilless culture substrate: wherein the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution from the initial flowering stage to the initial fruit stage of the hot pepper is 10-15mM, the phosphorus concentration is 1.0-2.0mM, and the potassium concentration is 4.0-6.0 mM; the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution from the initial fruit period to the fruit picking period of the hot pepper is 2.0-4.0mM, the phosphorus concentration is 0.5-1.0mM, the potassium concentration is 6.0-8.0mM, and the irrigation frequency of the nutrient solution is based on the fact that the relative water content of a substrate is kept to be 60% -70% of the maximum water holding capacity; C. performing illumination control one week before picking the peppers, wherein the pepper plants are irradiated for 18 hours and dark for 6 hours every day; the illumination intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
2. The soilless culture method for hot pepper with increased vitamin C content and reduced nitrate content according to claim 1, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30-36% of mushroom residue, 8-10% of river sand, 3-6% of oxamide and 5-8% of plant ash; the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by decomposing and fermenting cow dung, rapeseed cakes and rice straws according to the weight ratio of dry matters of 5.4:2.8: 1.8.
3. The soilless culture method for hot pepper with increased vitamin C content and reduced nitrate content according to claim 2, characterized in that the soilless culture substrate formula comprises the following components by mass percent: 48% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30% of mushroom slag, 8% of river sand, 6% of oxamide solid particles and 8% of plant ash.
4. A soilless culture method for hot pepper with increased vitamin C content and reduced nitrate content as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the soilless culture substrate is solid granules with diameter of 3-4 mm.
5. The method for soilless culture of capsicum with increased vitamin C content and reduced nitrate content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is suitable for open-air culture or greenhouse culture of capsicum.
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CN103636478B (en) * 2013-12-11 2016-03-30 甘肃凯源生物技术开发中心 Be applicable to the pepper seedling raising medium of winter-spring season
CN104355801A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-02-18 姜海艳 Pepper fertilizer and preparing method thereof
CN106258896A (en) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-04 滁州嘉实农业科技有限公司 A kind of pepper seedling raising medium

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