CN108788258B - Blisk composite numerical control milling double-upright-column structure machine tool - Google Patents

Blisk composite numerical control milling double-upright-column structure machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108788258B
CN108788258B CN201810615012.3A CN201810615012A CN108788258B CN 108788258 B CN108788258 B CN 108788258B CN 201810615012 A CN201810615012 A CN 201810615012A CN 108788258 B CN108788258 B CN 108788258B
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machine tool
milling
axis machine
guide rail
axis
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CN108788258A (en
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辛红敏
史耀耀
李志山
杨程
王琳
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
Hubei University of Arts and Science
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C1/00Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
    • B23C1/12Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations with spindle adjustable to different angles, e.g. either horizontal or vertical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C1/00Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
    • B23C1/14Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations with rotary work-carrying table
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C3/00Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor

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Abstract

The invention discloses a blisk composite numerical control milling machine tool with a double-upright-column structure, which is used for solving the technical problem of poor rigidity of the existing blisk composite numerical control milling machine tool. The technical scheme is that the double-column of the double-column structure machine tool is respectively a disc milling column, a plunge milling column and a side milling column. The disc milling upright post is used for installing the disc milling device, and the plunge milling and side milling upright post is used for installing the plunge milling and side milling device. The double-upright-column structure can effectively reduce the bearing capacity of the upright column, thereby ensuring the rigidity of the machine tool upright column. When the disc milling device or the plunge milling and side milling device is in the machining process, the cutting vibration cannot cause any influence on the other device, and the machining stability is further ensured. In addition, the double-upright-column structure is convenient to install and debug, and the two sets of devices on the double upright columns respectively and independently exist, so that the accuracy of installation and debugging is effectively guaranteed.

Description

Blisk composite numerical control milling double-upright-column structure machine tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blisk composite numerical control milling machine tool, in particular to a blisk composite numerical control milling machine tool with a double-upright-column structure.
Background
Refer to fig. 2. The document 'Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN 103111674A' discloses a blisk composite numerical control milling parallel structure machine tool. The machine tool comprises a disc milling device 2, a rotary workbench 6, an X-axis machine tool guide rail 9, a Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14, a plunge milling and side milling device 15, a first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19, a stand column 21, a second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25, a rotating shaft A, a rotating shaft B and a rotating shaft C. The blisk is arranged on a rotary worktable 6, an upright post 21 moves along a Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14, the rotary worktable 6 moves along an X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 to a processing range of a disc milling device 2, the disc milling device 2 moves up and down to a proper position along a second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25, the disc milling device 2 rotates to a certain angle along a rotating shaft B according to the distortion degree of a blisk channel, disc milling and cutting of a channel are started, after a first channel is finished, the rotary worktable 6 rotates to the angle of a second channel along the rotating shaft C, disc milling and cutting are continuously carried out, after all channel disc milling and cutting are finished, the rotary worktable 6 moves to the processing range of a plunge milling and side milling device 15 along the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9, the plunge milling and side milling device 15 moves up and down to a proper position along a first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19, the plunge milling and side milling device 15 timely adjusts the angle along the, carrying out plunge milling on the blisk; and after the plunge milling of all the channels is finished, the plunge milling and side milling device 15 is also used for side milling of the blisk, so that the efficient and powerful composite numerical control milling of the blisk is realized. In the prior art, the machine tool adopts a single-column structure, the disc milling device 2 and the plunge milling and side milling device 15 are both arranged on the column 21, the structure is not beneficial to the adjustment of the assembly precision of the machine tool, and in the disc milling or plunge milling process, the disc milling device 2 or the plunge milling and side milling device 15 rises to the top of the column 21, so that the stability and the rigidity of the machine tool are influenced.
The blisk is a core component of an engine with high thrust-weight ratio and high performance, and is also a key part for realizing weight reduction, efficiency improvement and performance improvement of important equipment in the fields of aerospace, national defense, energy, power and the like. Compared with the traditional blade and hub assembly structure, the integral blade disc omits a tenon, a mortise and a corresponding connecting piece, reduces the weight, improves the thrust-weight ratio, prolongs the service life of an engine, improves the safety and reliability, and has the manufacturing technology which belongs to the international difficult problem due to the complex structure, narrow channel, poor openness and the like. Therefore, the realization of the efficient, high-quality and low-cost numerical control machining of the blisk is a key core technology for improving the manufacturing level of national major equipment and improving the working performance of an aeroengine.
At present, the universal five-coordinate machine tool plunge milling machining which is commonly adopted and depends on import in the aspect of blisk machining in China is difficult to meet the requirements of efficient and low-cost manufacturing of blisk parts. Particularly, in the rough machining stage, the machining process uses a plurality of cutter specifications and the cutter is seriously abraded, so that the machining period is long, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high. The processing technology and equipment technology of the integral blade disc newly researched abroad implement strict technical blockade for China. A large amount of domestic blisk processing experience shows that: the existing blisk rough machining equipment and process technology become the bottleneck problem of realizing efficient and low-cost manufacturing in blisk engineering mass production. Data show that in the manufacturing of a first-level fan blisk of a novel aircraft engine, the removal amount of rough grooving materials accounts for about 90%, an imported general five-coordinate machining center with high precision and high cost is used, and even if an advanced plunge milling process technology is adopted, the rough grooving process still needs about 40-50 days. The machining efficiency is extremely low, the requirement of mass production of domestic aero-engines is difficult to adapt, the technical progress and the independent innovation of a new generation of aero-engines in China are severely restricted, and the cross-over development of the aero-industry and the sustainable development of the national economy in China are limited. Therefore, the research on the efficient and powerful composite numerical control milling process and equipment technology of the blisk is developed, the efficient and low-cost processing of the blisk is realized, and the requirement of batch production is met very urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect of poor rigidity of the existing blisk composite numerical control milling machine tool, the invention provides a blisk composite numerical control milling machine tool with a double-upright-column structure. The double columns of the machine tool are respectively a disc milling column, a plunge milling column and a side milling column. The disc milling upright post is used for installing the disc milling device, and the plunge milling and side milling upright post is used for installing the plunge milling and side milling device. The double-upright-column structure can effectively reduce the bearing capacity of the upright column, thereby ensuring the rigidity of the machine tool upright column. When the disc milling device or the plunge milling and side milling device is in the machining process, the cutting vibration cannot cause any influence on the other device, and the machining stability is further ensured. In addition, the double-upright-column structure is convenient to install and debug, and the two sets of devices on the double upright columns respectively and independently exist, so that the accuracy of installation and debugging is effectively guaranteed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the machine tool with the blisk composite numerical control milling double-upright-column structure comprises a disc milling device 2, a rotary workbench 6, an X-axis machine tool guide rail 9, a Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14, a plunge milling and side milling device 15, a first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19 and a second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25, and is characterized by further comprising a disc milling upright 1, a disc milling cutter 3, a plunge milling and side milling upright 4, an X-axis machine tool ram 8, a square workbench 10, an X-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair 11, a Y-axis machine tool ram 13, an electric spindle 16, a first Z-axis machine tool ram 18, a first Z-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair 20, a second Z-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair 22, a Y-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair 23 and a second Z-axis machine tool ram 24. The X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 and the Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 are of a cross structure. The X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 is installed on the ground through screws, an X-axis servo motor and a ball screw nut pair 11 are installed on the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 through screws, an X-axis machine tool ram 8 is directly clamped on the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9, a Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 is connected with the X-axis machine tool ram 8 through screws, a Y-axis machine tool ram 13 is directly clamped on the Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14, a Y-axis servo motor and a ball screw nut pair 23 are installed on the Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 through screws, a square workbench 10 is installed on the Y-axis machine tool ram 13 through screws, and a rotary workbench 6 is installed on the square workbench 10 through screws. The disc milling upright column 1 is fastened on the ground at the rear side of the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 through screws; the plunge milling and side milling upright post 4 is fastened on the ground on the right side of the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 through a screw. The first Z-axis servo motor, the ball screw nut pair 20 and the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19 are fastened on the plunge milling and side milling upright post 4 through screws, and the first Z-axis machine tool ram 18 is directly clamped on the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19. The plunge and side milling unit 15 is mounted by screws on a first Z-axis machine ram 18, is combined with the plunge and side milling upright 4, and is capable of moving up and down along a first Z-axis machine rail 19. The electric spindle 16 is mounted with the plunge and side milling device 15 by means of screws. And the second Z-axis servo motor, the ball screw nut pair 22 and the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25 are fastened on the disc milling upright 1 through screws. The second Z-axis machine tool ram 24 is directly clamped on the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25, and the disc milling device 2 is mounted on the second Z-axis machine tool ram 24 through screws, is combined with the disc milling upright post 1, and can move up and down along the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25. The disc milling cutter 3 is mounted with the disc milling device 2 through a key slot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the double columns of the machine tool are respectively a disc milling column, a plunge milling column and a side milling column. The disc milling upright post is used for installing the disc milling device, and the plunge milling and side milling upright post is used for installing the plunge milling and side milling device. The double-upright-column structure can effectively reduce the bearing capacity of the upright column, thereby ensuring the rigidity of the machine tool upright column. When the disc milling device or the plunge milling and side milling device is in the machining process, the cutting vibration cannot cause any influence on the other device, and the machining stability is further ensured. In addition, the double-upright-column structure is convenient to install and debug, and the two sets of devices on the double upright columns respectively and independently exist, so that the accuracy of installation and debugging is effectively guaranteed.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blisk composite numerical control milling double-column structure machine tool.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a blisk composite numerical control milling parallel structure machine tool in the background art.
In the figure, 1-disc milling column, 2-disc milling device, 3-disc milling cutter, 4-plunge milling and side milling column, 6-rotary table, 8-X axis machine ram, 9-X axis machine guide, 10-square table, 11-X axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair, 13-Y axis machine ram, 14-Y axis machine guide, 15-plunge milling and side milling device, 16-electric spindle, 18-first Z axis machine ram, 19-first Z axis machine guide, 20-first Z axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair, 21-column, 22-second Z axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair, 23-Y axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair, 24-second Z axis machine ram, 25-second Z axis machine guide, a linear axis X, a linear axis Y, a linear axis Z1, a linear axis Z2, a rotation axis A, a rotation axis B, a rotation axis C, and a spindle SP.
Detailed Description
The following examples refer to fig. 1.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following common features:
1. the processing objects are the same, namely the blisk is obtained.
2. The main functional components are the same, namely the disc milling device and the plunge milling and side milling device can realize the functions of disc milling, plunge milling and side milling.
The difference is that:
1. the invention adopts a double-upright-column structure, namely a disc milling upright column, a plunge milling upright column and a side milling upright column, wherein a disc milling device and a plunge milling and side milling device are respectively arranged on two different upright columns. In the background technology, a single-upright-column structure is adopted, and a disc milling device, a plunge milling device and a side milling device share an upright column;
2. the machine tool parameters are different.
Parameter(s) Background The invention
Diameter of the working table Φ800 Φ1000
Maximum load of working table 1500kg 3000kg
Disc milling power head swing angle (B axis) -90°~90° -180°~180°
X-axis stroke ≥3000mm ≥1700mm
Y-axis stroke ≥1400mm ≥1200mm
X/Y/Z1/Z2 linear axis positioning accuracy ±0.02/1000mm 0.02/1000mm
A/B/C rotation axis repetitionBit precision ±7″ 7″
Maximum torque of disc milling spindle 19000Nm 5000Nm
Compared with the prior art, the invention enlarges the processing range of the machine tool, improves the precision grade of the machine tool, has more compact structure of the machine tool and enhances the stability and rigidity of the machine tool.
The machine tool with the blisk composite numerical control milling double-upright-column structure comprises a disc milling device 2, a rotary workbench 6, an X-axis machine tool guide rail 9, a Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14, a plunge milling and side milling device 15, a first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19, a second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25, a disc milling upright 1, a disc milling cutter 3, a plunge milling and side milling upright 4, an X-axis machine tool ram 8, a square workbench 10, an X-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair 11, a Y-axis machine tool ram 13, an electric spindle 16, a first Z-axis machine tool ram 18, a first Z-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair 20, a second Z-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair 22, a Y-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair 23 and a second Z-axis machine tool ram 24. The X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 and the Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 are of a cross structure. The X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 is installed on the ground through screws, an X-axis servo motor and a ball screw nut pair 11 are installed on the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 through screws, an X-axis machine tool ram 8 is directly clamped on the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9, a Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 is connected with the X-axis machine tool ram 8 through screws, a Y-axis machine tool ram 13 is directly clamped on the Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14, a Y-axis servo motor and a ball screw nut pair 23 are installed on the Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 through screws, a square workbench 10 is installed on the Y-axis machine tool ram 13 through screws, and a rotary workbench 6 is installed on the square workbench 10 through screws. The disc milling upright column 1 is fastened on the ground at the rear side of the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 through screws; the plunge milling and side milling upright post 4 is fastened on the ground on the right side of the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 through a screw. The first Z-axis servo motor, the ball screw nut pair 20 and the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19 are fastened on the plunge milling and side milling upright post 4 through screws, and the first Z-axis machine tool ram 18 is directly clamped on the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19. The plunge and side milling unit 15 is mounted by screws on a first Z-axis machine ram 18, is combined with the plunge and side milling upright 4, and is capable of moving up and down along a first Z-axis machine rail 19. The electric spindle 16 is mounted with the plunge and side milling device 15 by means of screws. And the second Z-axis servo motor, the ball screw nut pair 22 and the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25 are fastened on the disc milling upright 1 through screws. The second Z-axis machine tool ram 24 is directly clamped on the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25, and the disc milling device 2 is mounted on the second Z-axis machine tool ram 24 through screws, is combined with the disc milling upright post 1, and can move up and down along the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25. The disc milling cutter 3 is mounted with the disc milling device 2 through a key slot.
The main performance parameters of the machine tool are:
diameter of the workbench:
the range of finished products is
Figure BDA0001696684800000052
Machine tool MTBF: 1500 hours;
a machine tool TK: 15000 hours.
The maximum rotating speed of the plunge milling spindle is more than or equal to 8000r/min, and the torque is more than or equal to 900 Nm;
disc milling at the highest rotating speed: 250r/min, the torque is more than or equal to 5000 Nm;
the fast moving speed (X/Y/Z1/Z2 axis) is more than or equal to 20 m/min;
the largest bearing of the workbench: 3000 kg;
controlling the number of shafts: 7, a working channel: 2, number of linkage shafts: 5.
the main stroke parameters of the machine tool are as follows: the X stroke of a linear shaft is more than or equal to 1700mm, the Y stroke of the linear shaft is more than or equal to 1200mm, the stroke of a first Z shaft is more than or equal to 1200mm, the stroke of a second Z shaft is more than or equal to 1200mm, and the stroke of a rotating shaft A is as follows: 15-105 °, rotation axis B travel: 180 ° -180 °, rotation axis C stroke: 0 to 360 degrees.
Detecting the precision of the machine tool: X/Y/Z1/Z2: 0.02/1000mm, A/B/C: 12'; repeated positioning accuracy: X/Y/Z1/Z2: 0.016/1000mm, A/B/C: 7'.
The machine tool integrates three processes of disc milling, plunge milling and side milling on one machine tool, effectively reduces the clamping time of parts, and can improve the machining efficiency of the blisk by 3-4 times because the disc milling is applied to the machining of the blisk for the first time.
The specific processing method comprises the following steps:
firstly, clamping the blisk on a rotary worktable 6, and moving a square worktable 10 and the rotary worktable 6 together along an X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 and a Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 to a stroke range of the disc milling device 2 moving up and down along a second Z axis. And then the disc milling device 2 moves up and down to a proper height along a second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25, the disc milling device 2 rotates to a proper angle along a rotating shaft B according to the distortion degree of the blisk channel, the mouse tooth disc is locked, the disc milling cutter 3 starts to rotate, disc milling and cutting can be conducted, after the first channel is machined, the disc milling cutter 3 and the disc milling device 2 retreat along the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25 together, then the rotating workbench 6 rotates to the angle of the second channel along the rotating shaft C, the disc milling cutter 3 and the disc milling device 2 feed together, the second channel is machined, the steps are repeated until all the channels are finished, and the disc milling cutter 3 and the disc milling device 2 retreat along the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail 25 together.
And step two, the square working table 10 and the rotary working table 6 move together along the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 and the Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 to a stroke range that the plunge milling and side milling device 15 moves up and down along the first Z axis, and the plunge milling and side milling device moves up and down along the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19 to a proper height, so that plunge milling can be carried out. During the plunge milling process, the electric spindle 16 rotates along the rotation axis a in a timely manner according to the numerical control program. After the first channel is machined, the plunge milling and side milling device 15 retreats along the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19, then the rotary table 6 rotates to the machining angle of the second channel along the direction of the rotary shaft C, and the plunge milling and side milling device 15 advances along the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19, so that plunge milling machining of the second channel can be carried out. And repeating the steps until all the channels are subjected to plunge milling, and withdrawing the plunge milling and side milling device 15 along the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19.
And step three, the plunge milling and the side milling share one set of device, and after the plunge milling is finished, the square workbench 10 and the rotary workbench 6 do not move along the X-axis machine tool guide rail 9 and the Y-axis machine tool guide rail 14 any more, namely, the square workbench and the rotary workbench are in the processing range of the side milling. Before the side milling starts to process, the side milling can be started only by replacing a cutter for side milling on the electric spindle 16 and then moving the plunge milling and side milling device 15 up and down to a proper height along the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19. During the side milling process, the electric spindle 16 rotates along the rotation axis a in time according to the numerical control program. After the first channel is machined, the plunge milling and side milling device 15 retracts along the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19, and then the rotary worktable 6 rotates to the machining angle of the second channel along the direction of the rotating shaft C, so that the side milling of the second channel can be carried out. And repeating the steps until all the channels are subjected to side milling, and withdrawing the plunge milling and side milling device 15 along the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail 19.
And (5) finishing the three steps, and finishing the composite milling of the blisk.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a compound numerical control of blisk mills double-column structure lathe, mills device (2), rotary worktable (6), X axle lathe guide rail (9), Y axle lathe guide rail (14), plunge milling and side milling device (15), first Z axle lathe guide rail (19) and second Z axle lathe guide rail (25) including the dish, its characterized in that: the numerical control milling machine further comprises a disc milling upright post (1), a disc milling cutter (3), a plunge milling and side milling upright post (4), an X-axis machine tool ram (8), a square workbench (10), an X-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair (11), a Y-axis machine tool ram (13), an electric spindle (16), a first Z-axis machine tool ram (18), a first Z-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair (20), a second Z-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair (22), a Y-axis servo motor and ball screw nut pair (23) and a second Z-axis machine tool ram (24); the X-axis machine tool guide rail (9) and the Y-axis machine tool guide rail (14) are in a cross structure; the X-axis machine tool guide rail (9) is installed on the ground through a screw, an X-axis servo motor and a ball screw nut pair (11) are installed on the X-axis machine tool guide rail (9) through a screw, an X-axis machine tool ram (8) is directly clamped on the X-axis machine tool guide rail (9), a Y-axis machine tool guide rail (14) is connected with the X-axis machine tool ram (8) through a screw, a Y-axis machine tool ram (13) is directly clamped on the Y-axis machine tool guide rail (14), a Y-axis servo motor and a ball screw nut pair (23) are installed on the Y-axis machine tool guide rail (14) through a screw, a square workbench (10) is installed on the Y-axis machine tool ram (13) through a screw, and a rotary workbench (6) is installed on the square workbench (10) through a screw; the disc milling upright post (1) is fastened on the ground at the rear side of the X-axis machine tool guide rail (9) through a screw; the plunge milling and side milling upright post (4) is fastened on the ground on the right side of the X-axis machine tool guide rail (9) through a screw; the first Z-axis servo motor, the ball screw nut pair (20) and the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail (19) are fastened on the plunge milling and side milling upright post (4) through screws, and the first Z-axis machine tool ram (18) is directly clamped on the first Z-axis machine tool guide rail (19); the plunge milling and side milling device (15) is installed on a first Z-axis machine tool ram (18) through a screw, is combined with the plunge milling and side milling upright post (4), and can move up and down along a first Z-axis machine tool guide rail (19); the electric spindle (16) is arranged with the plunge milling and side milling device (15) through a screw; a second Z-axis servo motor, a ball screw nut pair (22) and a second Z-axis machine tool guide rail (25) are fastened on the disc milling upright post (1) through screws; a second Z-axis machine tool ram (24) is directly clamped on a second Z-axis machine tool guide rail (25), and the disc milling device (2) is mounted on the second Z-axis machine tool ram (24) through a screw, is combined with the disc milling upright post (1) and can move up and down along the second Z-axis machine tool guide rail (25); the disc milling cutter (3) is installed together with the disc milling device (2) through a key slot.
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