CN108753858B - 一种l-氨基酸的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种l-氨基酸的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108753858B CN108753858B CN201810587713.0A CN201810587713A CN108753858B CN 108753858 B CN108753858 B CN 108753858B CN 201810587713 A CN201810587713 A CN 201810587713A CN 108753858 B CN108753858 B CN 108753858B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种L‑氨基酸的生产方法,该方法包括:以1,ω‑二胺或其盐为氨基供体,在底物α‑酮酸或其盐存在的条件下,利用转氨酶催化1,ω‑二胺与底物发生转氨反应,得到L‑氨基酸;所述1,ω‑二胺为1,4‑丁二胺、1,5‑戊二胺或1,6‑己二胺;所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑6所示。本发明以1,ω‑二胺及其盐为氨基供体,α‑酮酸及其盐为底物,通过特定的转氨酶催化底物发生转氨反应,能够将底物完全转化为L‑氨基酸,原料利用率和转化率高,供体摩尔当量仅为1.1时,转化率可达100%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物化工技术领域,尤其涉及一种L-氨基酸的生产方法;具体地说,是一种利用生物酶法生产光学纯L-氨基酸的方法。
背景技术
氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单位,广泛用于食品、医药、添加剂及化妆品行业,随着生物工程技术产业逐渐成为21世纪全球的主要产业之一,氨基酸的需求量越来越大,品种变更越来越快,工艺改革越来越新。
中国自20世纪60年代起,食品工业的氨基酸用量占61%,饮料工业的氨基酸用量占30%,医药、日用化工、农业、冶金、环保、轻工、生物工程技术等方面占用的比例逐年增加。近年来,中国在研究、开发和应用氨基酸方面取得了重大进展,发现的新氨基酸种类和数量已达100多种,其中利用于药物的氨基酸及氨基酸衍生物的品种超100种,其市场潜力很大,前景十分诱人(汤华钊,氨基酸及其手性中间体纯化与合成研究,四川大学博士学位论文,2003)。例如,L-草铵膦可作为广谱触杀型除草剂;L-2-氨基丁酸可用于保健品和运动饮料中及医药中间体,用于合成新型沙坦类抗高血压药,如洛沙坦、缬沙坦、伊普沙坦、伊贝沙坦等;L-高苯丙氨酸及其酯是用来制备血管紧张素(ACE)抑制剂类药物的重要原料;L-亮氨酸,L-异亮氨酸和L-缬氨酸都是支链氨基酸,它们有助于促进训练后的肌肉恢复;L-苯丙氨酸可用作氨基酸输液、抗癌药物制剂和食品添加剂等。
世界氨基酸工业先后开发了蛋白质水解抽提法、化学合成法、微生物发酵法和酶法等氨基酸生产方法。近年来,随着遗传生化学和生物工程技术的发展,发酵法已成为目前生产氨基酸的主要方法,特别是通过基因突变和重组选育的大批优良菌株,不仅提高了传统产品的产量(谷氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸等超过14种),而且开发了新品种,但是并不是所有的氨基酸都可以使用发酵法生产,仍有很多氨基酸的生产需要在重构工程菌的合成途径,并经过大量优化才有可能实现发酵法生产(Hirasawa T,Shimizu H.Recent advances in amino acid production by microbial cells.Currentopinion in biotechnology 2016;42:133-146.)。因此,发展其他的方法合成光学纯L-氨基酸也是必要的。
与化学合成法相比,酶法合成光学纯氨基酸的方法具有反应条件温和,独特、高效的底物选择性和立体选择性等优点,对比化学合成复杂的官能团保护和去保护,苛刻的反应条件,复杂的副产物等有明显优势。
当前,酶法生产的氨基酸品种虽比发酵法少,但其生产工艺简便、周期短、耗能低、产物浓度高和收率高、副产物和废弃物少及可能合成氨基酸衍生物等优点,是发展氨基酸生产有潜力有前途的方法。具体包括:用水解酶,如氨基酰化酶法光学拆分DL-氨基酸,已在工业上连续生产L-色氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸等;己内酰胺水解酶法生产L-赖氨酸等;天冬氨酸酶催化富马酸生成L-天冬氨酸;海因酶法生产芳香氨基酸如D-苯甘氨酸、对羟基-D-苯甘氨酸、D-丝氨酸、L-甲硫氨酸、L-草铵膦等;亮氨酸脱氢酶法生产L-叔亮氨酸;腈水合酶-酰胺酶体系生产R-哌嗪-2-羧酸(哌啶甲酸);N-酰基-L-脯氨酸酰化酶生产苄氧羰基-D-脯氨酸等(Leuchtenberger W,Huthmacher K,Drauz K.Biotechnological production of aminoacids and derivatives:current status and prospects.Applied microbiology andbiotechnology 2005;69:1-8.);转氨酶法生产L-草铵膦(A Schulz PT,D Tripier and KBartsch.Stereospecific production of the herbicide phosphinothricin(glufosinate)by transamination:isolation and characterization of aphosphinothricin-specific transaminase from Escherichia coli.Appl EnvironMicrobiol 1990;56:1-6.)、L-2-氨基丁酸(Park E,Kim M,Shin J-S.One-Pot Conversionof L-Threonine into L-Homoalanine:Biocatalytic Production of an UnnaturalAmino Acid from a Natural One.Advanced Synthesis&Catalysis 2010;352:3391-3398.)等。
在酶法生产光学纯氨基酸的方法中,转氨酶具有催化效率高、立体选择性好、稳定性好、底物谱广泛等优点,不需要额外辅酶循环系统的优势受到了极大的关注,目前已应用于手性胺、氨基酸、氨基醇等多种含氨基的化合物的合成。而转氨酶催化的反应存在的最大的问题是反应平衡问题,在等摩尔当量的氨基供体的存在下,底物酮酸或酮类化合物的转化率较低,导致催化效率降低;目前已有多种方法促进反应平衡向产物方向移动,如原位副产物移除、环化、降解等(Hwang B-Y,Cho B-K,Yun H,Koteshwar K,Kim B-G.Revisit ofaminotransferase in the genomic era and its application tobiocatalysis.Journal of Molecular Catalysis B:Enzymatic 2005;37:47-55;Guo F,Berglund P.Transaminase biocatalysis:optimization and application.Green Chem2017.)。
在各种方法中,发现1,ω-二胺作为氨基供体时,生成的副产物为1-氨基-ω-醛,该物质会自发环化形成Schiff碱,脱水形成亚胺并三聚化(Galman JL,Slabu I,Weise NJ,Iglesias C,Parmeggiani F,Lloyd RC,Turner NJ.Biocatalytic transamination withnear-stoichiometric inexpensive amine donors mediated by bifunctional mono-and di-amine transaminases.Green Chem 2017.),从而实现反应平衡的移动,这类氨基供体目前已应用于多种手性胺的合成(Payer SE,Schrittwieser JH,Kroutil W.VicinalDiamines as Smart Cosubstrates in the Transaminase-Catalyzed AsymmetricAmination of Ketones.European journal of organic chemistry 2017;2017:2553-2559.)以及氮杂环化合物的合成(Slabu I,Galman JL,Weise NJ,Lloyd RC,TurnerNJ.Putrescine Transaminases for the Synthesis of Saturated NitrogenHeterocycles from Polyamines.ChemCatChem 2016;8:1038-1042.),但是在光学纯的氨基酸,特别是非天然氨基酸的合成中的应用未见报道。
发明内容
本发明针对现有转氨酶法生产L-氨基酸工艺存在的缺陷,提供了一种以1,ω-二胺作为氨基供体的L-氨基酸的生产方法,该方法原料转化率高,生产成本低且收率高。
一种L-氨基酸的生产方法,其特征在于,包括:以1,ω-二胺或其盐为氨基供体,在底物α-酮酸或其盐存在的条件下,利用转氨酶催化1,ω-二胺与底物发生转氨反应,得到L-氨基酸;
所述1,ω-二胺为1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺或1,6-己二胺;所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1-6所示。
由于酮酸具有强酸性,而二胺具有强碱性,所以需要分别将两种底物溶液调节至pH7.5成盐再混合;或者将两种底物溶液混合后,再调节pH,上述两种方法都可以反应。
其中,上述转氨酶为来源于大肠杆菌K12W3110(E.coli K12W3110)的腐胺转氨酶(GenBank:AMC98987.1)巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)的腐胺转氨酶(GenBank:AEN91257.1)、蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mycoides)的转氨酶(GenBank:AJI16876.1)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)的转氨酶(GenBank:NP_248990.1)、恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida KT2440)的多胺转氨酶(GenBank:NP_744329.1和NP_747283.1)。
进一步地,所述α-酮酸为2-羰基-4-(羟基甲基膦酰基)丁酸、2-酮丁酸、2-氧代戊酸、4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸、苯丙酮酸或2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸。
不同转氨酶催化不同底物的活力不同,作为优选,所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQID NO.4-6所示时,所述α-酮酸为2-酮丁酸;
所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1-3所示时,所述α-酮酸为2-羰基-4-(羟基甲基膦酰基)丁酸、2-酮丁酸、2-氧代戊酸、4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸、苯丙酮酸或2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸。
更优选,当底物为2-羰基-4-(羟基甲基膦酰基)丁酸、2-氧代戊酸、4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸、苯丙酮酸和2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸时,采用氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示的转氨酶。
当底物为2-酮丁酸时,采用氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4(来源于恶臭假单胞菌PaSpuC)所示的转氨酶。
作为优选,所述1,ω-二胺为1,4-丁二胺;所述α-酮酸为2-羰基-4-(羟基甲基膦酰基)丁酸,所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1,即来源于大肠杆菌的腐胺转氨酶EcYgjG所示。
进一步地,所述转氨酶为离体酶、固定化酶或者细胞体内表达的酶。
作为优选,所述细胞为表达转氨酶的工程菌,所述工程菌的宿主细胞为E.coliBL21(DE3),所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
具体地,所述工程菌含有表达载体pET-30a(+),所述转氨酶基因经重组连接在表达载体pET-30a(+)上。
上述生产L-氨基酸的生物催化反应不仅可以采用表达转氨酶的工程菌,还可以采用细胞破碎后的离体转氨酶,或者是经固定化后的转氨酶。
作为优选,转氨反应中,按12000rpm离心10min后的湿重计,所述菌体的添加量为0.1-20%,更优选,所述细胞的添加量为1-10%。
作为优选,所述氨基供体与底物的摩尔比为0.8-4:1;更优选,所述氨基供体与底物的摩尔比为1-1.5:1。
反应体系中还包括辅酶,该辅酶为维生素B6类型辅酶,例如,磷酸吡哆醇、磷酸吡哆醛和磷酸吡哆胺或它们的衍生物。具体地,所述辅酶为磷酸吡哆醛或磷酸吡哆胺。
作为优选,以反应液中的摩尔浓度计,所述辅酶的添加量为0.01-2.5mM;更优选,0.1-1mM。
作为优选,所述转氨反应的温度为20-80℃,时间为3-48h;更优选,温度为30~65℃,时间为5-24h。
作为优选,控制转氨反应的pH值为6~11。1,ω-二胺与底物溶液缓慢混合后,采用酸或碱进行pH的调节,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵、盐酸、醋酸等。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明以1,ω-二胺及其盐为氨基供体,α-酮酸及其盐为底物,通过特定的转氨酶催化底物发生转氨反应,能够将底物完全转化为L-氨基酸,原料利用率和转化率高,供体摩尔当量仅为1.1时,转化率可达100%。
(2)本发明方法简化了分离工艺,反应完成后,氨基供体1,ω-二胺和氨基受体均基本被完全转化,副产物为氮杂环化合物,性质与氨基酸差异较大,且易于化学还原制备氮杂环的溶剂,从而简化了后续精制工艺,提高产品总收率。
(3)本发明涉及的氨基供体为聚合物单体,底物为多种酮酸,可根据产品需求调整底物的种类,从而实现多种光学纯氨基酸的生产。
附图说明
图1为1,ω-二胺作为氨基供体的L-氨基酸的反应式。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明做进一步说明。应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
本发明中的实验方法如无特别说明均为常规方法,基因克隆操作具体可参见J.萨姆布雷克等主编的《分子克隆实验指南》。
上游基因工程所用试剂:本发明实施例中使用的DNA聚合酶(PrimeStart Mix)、限制性内切酶Dpn I、DNA marker均购自TaKaRa,宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;基因组提取试剂盒、质粒提取试剂盒、DNA回收纯化试剂盒购自Axygen杭州有限公司;E.coli BL21(DE3)、质粒pET-30a(+)等为本实验保存菌株;重组酶购自南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司;引物合成和测序由铂尚生物技术(上海)有限公司完成。试剂的具体使用方法参考商品说明书。
下游催化工艺所用试剂:1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺盐酸盐和1,6-己二胺,磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)购自阿拉丁试剂有限公司;酮酸PPO为实验室合成;其余酮酸购自梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司;相应的L-氨基酸标准品购自Sigma-Aldrich公司,其他常用试剂购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
本发明转氨反应通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)监测反应的进行,主要针对酮酸和产物L-氨基酸进行分析,其中酮酸的分析方法为:色谱柱/AQ-C18;柱温/40℃;流速/1mL/min;检测波长/UV205nm;流动相:50mM(NH4)2HPO4,加入1%的10%四丁基氢氧化铵水溶液,用50%磷酸调pH至3.6,加入8%乙腈。
以柱前衍生化HPLC法测定L-氨基酸的生成量和光学纯度,手性HPLC分析方法为色谱条件:色谱柱/QS-C18;流动相/50mM乙酸钠溶液:乙腈=8:05(L-草铵膦,其他氨基酸则增加乙腈比例,如2-氨基丁酸的比例为8:2);检测波长/338nm;流速/0.85mL/min;柱温/30℃。衍生化试剂:分别称取0.03g邻苯二甲醛与0.1N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸,用400μL乙醇助溶,再加入4mL 0.2mol/硼酸缓冲液(pH 9.8),振荡使其充分溶解,4℃冰箱保存备用(不超过4天)。衍生化反应与测定:取100μL样品加入150μL衍生化试剂,混匀后至于25℃保温5min,进样20μL进行分析。
实施例1转氨酶基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的表达
经筛选,发现多种来源的转氨酶能够天然利用1,ω-二胺(特别是1,4-丁二胺,即腐胺)作为氨基供体,包括来源于大肠杆菌K12W3110(E.coli K12W3110)的腐胺转氨酶EcYgjG(GenBank:AMC98987.1)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)的腐胺转氨酶BmYgjG(GenBank:AEN91257.1)、蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mycoides)的转氨酶BcYgjG(GenBank:AJI16876.1)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)的多胺转氨酶PaSpuC(GenBank:NP_248990.1)、恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida KT2440)的多胺转氨酶PpSpuC-1和PpSpuC-2(GenBank:NP_744329.1和NP_747283.1)。
分别从上文提到的菌株的基因组中克隆转氨酶基因,根据相应的基因组DNA序列设计相应的PCR上游引物和下游引物,其中小写字母代表重组时和质粒上序列互补的序列,重组的位点是Nde I和Hind III位点,具体如下:
EcYgjG-F:tttaagaaggagatatacatATGAACAGGTTACCTTCGAGCG
EcYgjG-R:tgctcgagtgcggccgcaagTTACGCTTCTTCGACACTTACTCG
BmYgjG-F:tttaagaaggagatatacatATGAATACAGTGACAAAAAAT
BmYgjG-R:tgctcgagtgcggccgcaagTTATTGGTTACTTAGCTCAT
BcYgjG-F:tttaagaaggagatatacatATGGAAACGAATGTGAAAAG
BcYgjG-R:tgctcgagtgcggccgcaagTTGTACTTTTACTTGTGCCA
PaSpuC-F:tttaagaaggagatatacatATGAACAGCCAAATCACCAA
PaSpuC-R:tgctcgagtgcggccgcaagTCAAGCCAGGACGGCGGCGG
PpSpuC-1-F:tttaagaaggagatatacatATGAGTGAACAGAATTCGCA
PpSpuC-1-R:tgctcgagtgcggccgcaagTTACCGAACAGCCTCATAGG
PpSpuC-2-F:tttaagaaggagatatacatATGAGCGTCAACAACCCGCA
PpSpuC-2-R:tgctcgagtgcggccgcaagTTATTGAATCGCCTCAAGGG
同时设计引物以质粒pET30a(+)为模板进行PCR以获得重组质粒片段,序列如下:
pET30-F:CTTGCGGCCGCACTCGAGCACCACC
pET30-R:ATGTATATCTCCTTCTTAAAGTTAAACAAAAT
PCR扩增体系:
PCR扩增条件:
1)预变性:95℃5min;
2)变性:98℃10s;退火:58℃15s;延伸:72℃10s;共循环30次;
3)延伸:72℃10min;
4)4℃保存2.0h。
PCR得到的质粒片段经Dpn I消化模板质粒,减少假阳性克隆的产生。
分别将目的基因和质粒篇片段进行琼脂糖电泳,鉴定大小正确后用DNA回收纯化试剂盒进行凝胶回收,具体步骤参照纯化试剂盒说明书。
利用回收后的质粒片段和DNA片段进行重组反应,重组体系是DNA和质粒片段各1.5μL,重组酶缓冲液2μL,重组酶1μL,加入无菌去离子水4μL补足10μL,混匀后37℃保温30min,冰上静置5min,将重组产物转化至BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,涂平板、挑单菌落LB液体培养,PCR法鉴定构建成功的阳性转化子,并由测序公司来验证插入序列的正确性。验证后无误的基因工程菌即为E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET-30a(+)-YgjG或SpuC。
实施例2微生物的培养及重组酶的制备
微生物的培养主要在LB液体培养基中进行,其组成为:蛋白胨10g/L,酵母粉5g/L,氯化钠10g/L,用去离子水溶解后用氢氧化钠调节pH至7.4,定容,121℃灭菌20min,待用。
将含有转氨酶基因的工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)接种至含50μg/mL卡那霉素的5mLLB液体培养基试管中,37℃震荡培养至OD600达到0.8左右时,加入IPTG至其浓度为0.2mM,18℃下诱导培养16h.培养结束后,将培养液12000rpm离心10min,弃上清,收集菌体,放到-80℃超低温冰箱中保存,待用。经超低温冰箱冻24h后的菌体可直接作为冻融细胞(已破壁)使用。
活力测定:将冻融的细胞从超低温冰箱中取出,并置于冰上化冻10min,用100mMpH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液重悬细胞待用。定量称取底物酮酸、1,ω-二胺,分别溶解于烧杯后,缓慢混合,再使用碱或酸调节至pH为7,去离子水定容,使得1,ω-二胺的终浓度为0.2M,酮酸底物的中浓度为0.1M,通过液相检测酮酸的减少量或氨基酸的生成量,计算活力,活力结果如下表。
以PPO作为受体,比较不同菌株利用不同链长的二胺作为氨基供体的活力。
供体 | EcYgjG | BmYgjG | BcYgjG | PaSpuC | PpSpuC-1 | PaSpuC-2 |
1,4-丁二胺 | 2600U/L | 600U/L | 1020U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,5-戊二胺 | 2912U/L | 785U/L | 856U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,6-己二胺 | 1721U/L | 200U/L | 506U/L | Low | Low | Low |
以2-酮丁酸作为受体,比较不同菌株利用不同链长的二胺作为氨基供体的活力。
供体 | EcYgjG | BmYgjG | BcYgjG | PaSpuC | PpSpuC-1 | PaSpuC-2 |
1,4-丁二胺 | 2300U/L | 300U/L | 1600U/L | 1250U/L | 672U/L | 461U/L |
1,5-戊二胺 | 2460U/L | 346U/L | 1360U/L | 6500U/L | 4500U/L | 4200U/L |
1,6-己二胺 | 1450U/L | 178U/L | 740U/L | 300U/L | 279U/L | 243U/L |
以2-氧代戊酸作为受体,比较不同菌株利用不同链长的二胺作为氨基供体的活力。
供体 | EcYgjG | BmYgjG | BcYgjG | PaSpuC | PpSpuC-1 | PaSpuC-2 |
1,4-丁二胺 | 523U/L | 75U/L | 107U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,5-戊二胺 | 645U/L | 96U/L | 134U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,6-己二胺 | 475U/L | 44U/L | 51U/L | Low | Low | Low |
以4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸作为受体,比较不同菌株利用不同链长的二胺作为氨基供体的活力。
供体 | EcYgjG | BmYgjG | BcYgjG | PaSpuC | PpSpuC-1 | PaSpuC-2 |
1,4-丁二胺 | 423U/L | 156U/L | 196U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,5-戊二胺 | 449U/L | 184U/L | 227U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,6-己二胺 | 389U/L | 146U/L | 155U/L | Low | Low | Low |
以3-甲基-2-氧代戊酸作为受体,比较不同菌株利用不同链长的二胺作为氨基供体的活力。
供体 | EcYgjG | BmYgjG | BcYgjG | PaSpuC | PpSpuC-1 | PaSpuC-2 |
1,4-丁二胺 | 565U/L | 173U/L | 157U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,5-戊二胺 | 678U/L | 185U/L | 185U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,6-己二胺 | 499U/L | 137U/L | 137U/L | Low | Low | Low |
以3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸作为受体,比较不同菌株利用不同链长的二胺作为氨基供体的活力。
供体 | EcYgjG | BmYgjG | BcYgjG | PaSpuC | PpSpuC-1 | PaSpuC-2 |
1,4-丁二胺 | 671U/L | 178U/L | 214U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,5-戊二胺 | 700U/L | 205U/L | 241U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,6-己二胺 | 587U/L | 115U/L | 159U/L | Low | Low | Low |
以苯丙酮酸作为受体,比较不同菌株利用不同链长的二胺作为氨基供体的活力。
供体 | EcYgjG | BmYgjG | BcYgjG | PaSpuC | PpSpuC-1 | PaSpuC-2 |
1,4-丁二胺 | 784U/L | 217U/L | 259U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,5-戊二胺 | 853U/L | 252U/L | 323U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,6-己二胺 | 652U/L | 157U/L | 219U/L | Low | Low | Low |
以2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸作为受体,比较不同菌株利用不同链长的二胺作为氨基供体的活力。
供体 | EcYgjG | BmYgjG | BcYgjG | PaSpuC | PpSpuC-1 | PaSpuC-2 |
1,4-丁二胺 | 357U/L | 77U/L | 87U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,5-戊二胺 | 398U/L | 95U/L | 106U/L | Low | Low | Low |
1,6-己二胺 | 300U/L | 56U/L | 69U/L | Low | Low | Low |
实施例3
以底物PPO为例,将含有PPO约为100mM,1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺和1,6-己二胺和PPO的摩尔比分别为1:1、1.25:1、1.5:1、2:1和3:1的溶液调至pH 7.0,加入等体积转氨酶液(含1mM 100mM pH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液重悬的菌悬液,重组工程菌LB培养液浓缩5倍体积重悬,催化剂使用重组基因工程菌EcYgjG,),于37℃下反应15h,液相检测PPO的剩余量和L-草铵膦的生成量,结果如下表所示,结果表明,在使用等摩尔当量的二胺作为供体时,底物PPO的转化率达到95%以上,稍过量的供体即可实现PPO的完全转化,产物L-草铵膦的e.e.>99%,收率大90%以上。
实施例4
以底物PPO为例,将含有PPO和底物1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺和1,6-己二胺的摩尔比为1:1,配置母液浓度为0.5M并调pH至7.0,在2mL的离心管中反应,其中底物溶液250μL,菌悬液250μL(含1mM100mM pH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液重悬的菌悬液,重组工程菌LB培养液浓缩5倍体积重悬,催化剂使用重组基因工程菌BcYgjG,),并分别使得底物浓度为50mM、100mM、150mM、200mM和250mM,置于40℃恒温摇床,200rpm反应12h,液相检测PPO的剩余量和L-草铵膦的生成量,结果如下表所示,结果表明,该反应可以在较高的底物浓度下进行,底物PPO的转化率和L-草铵膦的生成量和较低浓度时无太大差异。
实施例5
使用1,4-丁二胺作为氨基供体,分别使用PPO、2-酮丁酸、2-氧代戊酸、4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸、苯丙酮酸、2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸作为底物,在2mL的离心管中反应,其中底物溶液250μL(终浓度为50mM),菌悬液250μL(含1mM100mMpH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液重悬的菌悬液,重组工程菌LB培养液浓缩5倍体积重悬,催化剂使用重组基因工程菌EcYgjG,),并分别使得底物浓度为50mM,置于30℃恒温摇床,200rpm反应24h,液相检测酮酸底物的剩余量,计算底物转化率以及产物的光学纯度,结果如下表所示:
底物 | 底物转化率 | 产物L-氨基酸的ee值 |
PPO | 99.4% | 99.8% |
2-酮丁酸 | 98.7% | 99.2% |
2-氧代戊酸 | 95.4% | 99.6% |
4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸 | 97.7% | 99.6% |
3-甲基-2-氧代戊酸 | 98.2% | 99.4% |
3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸 | 95.9% | 99.1% |
苯丙酮酸 | 98.4% | 99.8% |
2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸 | 96.4% | 99.5% |
3,3-二甲基氧代丁酸 | 47.8% | 99.1% |
实施例6
使用1,4-丁二胺作为氨基供体,使用PPO作为酮酸底物,使用不同当量的氨基供体,HPLC监测反应过程底物浓度随时间的变化关系,反应在50mL三角瓶中进行,反应液总体积为10mL,反应温度为40℃,200rpm,反应总时间为24h。催化剂使用重组基因工程菌BmYgjG,结果如下表所示。
结果表明,底物的转化率在氨基供体的加量低于1当量时,转化率与氨基供体的摩尔当量相当,也证明了在等摩尔当量或稍过量的氨基供体的存在时,可以实现底物的高转化率。
测定12h和24h的L-草铵膦的生成量,结果如下表所示,结果表明底物PPO基本都转化为L-草铵膦,但在底物浓度较高时,草铵膦的收率变低,原因是高浓度的底物会变质,导致在反应过程中底物损失,最终降低产物得率。
对比例1
分别利用来源于大肠杆菌K12W3110的γ-氨基丁酸/α-酮戊二酸转氨酶(WP_001087611.1)、支链氨基酸转氨酶(CAQ34114.1),其构建方法参考实施例1,具体构建方法不在此处详细解释和大肠杆菌宿主BL21(DE3)分别诱导培养收集得到的细胞进行超低温冻融处理后,进行反应。
使用1,4-丁二胺作为氨基供体,使用PPO作为酮酸底物,反应在2mL离心管中进行,底物溶液为250μL,并使得底物的终浓度为50mM,菌悬液250μL(含1mM100mM pH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液重悬的菌悬液,重组工程菌LB培养液浓缩5倍体积重悬),置于35℃恒温摇床反应24h。使用的生物催化剂及进行的对比实验见下表,结果表明只有本发明中提及的腐胺或多胺转氨酶才能利用二胺作为氨基供体,高效转化酮酸为光学纯氨基酸。
对比例2
将含有PPO约200mM、谷氨酸600mM的溶液置于40℃温浴,用5M氢氧化钠调节溶液pH=7.5,再加入等体积菌悬液(含1mM 100mM pH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液重悬的菌悬液,重组工程菌LB培养液浓缩5倍体积重悬,重组菌为EcYgjG),置于35℃恒温摇床反应36h,液相检测PPO剩余19.4mM,转化率为80.6%;产品L-草铵膦为80.3mM,剩余原料谷氨酸240.1mM,残留副产物a-酮戊二酸74mM。反应数据如下:
结果表明,本发明提及的转氨酶虽然也可以利用通用的氨基供体谷氨酸催化转化酮酸生成光学纯的L-氨基酸,但是在3当量供体存在的条件下,反应36h时间,PPO的转化率仍维持在较低的水平,远不如利用二胺作为氨基供体的底物转化率。
序列表
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Val Gly Tyr Gly Arg Glu Glu Leu Val Gln Ala Ala Glu Lys Gln Met
65 70 75 80
Arg Glu Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Asn Leu Phe Phe Gln Thr Ala His Pro Pro
85 90 95
Ala Leu Glu Leu Ala Lys Ala Ile Thr Asp Val Ala Pro Lys Gly Met
100 105 110
Thr His Val Phe Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Glu Gly Asn Asp Thr Val
115 120 125
Leu Arg Met Val Arg His Tyr Trp Ala Leu Lys Gly Lys Pro His Lys
130 135 140
Gln Thr Ile Ile Gly Arg Ile Asn Gly Tyr His Gly Ser Thr Phe Ala
145 150 155 160
Gly Ala Cys Leu Gly Gly Met Ser Gly Met His Glu Gln Gly Gly Leu
165 170 175
Pro Ile Pro Gly Ile Val His Ile Pro Gln Pro Tyr Trp Phe Gly Glu
180 185 190
Gly Gly Asp Met Thr Pro Asp Glu Phe Gly Val Trp Ala Ala Glu Gln
195 200 205
Leu Glu Lys Lys Ile Leu Glu Val Gly Glu Asp Asn Val Ala Ala Phe
210 215 220
Ile Ala Glu Pro Ile Gln Gly Ala Gly Gly Val Ile Ile Pro Pro Glu
225 230 235 240
Thr Tyr Trp Pro Lys Val Lys Glu Ile Leu Ala Arg Tyr Asp Ile Leu
245 250 255
Phe Val Ala Asp Glu Val Ile Cys Gly Phe Gly Arg Thr Gly Glu Trp
260 265 270
Phe Gly Ser Asp Tyr Tyr Asp Leu Lys Pro Asp Leu Met Thr Ile Ala
275 280 285
Lys Gly Leu Thr Ser Gly Tyr Ile Pro Met Gly Gly Val Ile Val Arg
290 295 300
Asp Thr Val Ala Lys Val Ile Ser Glu Gly Gly Asp Phe Asn His Gly
305 310 315 320
Phe Thr Tyr Ser Gly His Pro Val Ala Ala Ala Val Gly Leu Glu Asn
325 330 335
Leu Arg Ile Leu Arg Asp Glu Lys Ile Val Glu Lys Ala Arg Thr Glu
340 345 350
Ala Ala Pro Tyr Leu Gln Lys Arg Leu Arg Glu Leu Gln Asp His Pro
355 360 365
Leu Val Gly Glu Val Arg Gly Leu Gly Met Leu Gly Ala Ile Glu Leu
370 375 380
Val Lys Asp Lys Ala Thr Arg Ser Arg Tyr Glu Gly Lys Gly Val Gly
385 390 395 400
Met Ile Cys Arg Thr Phe Cys Phe Glu Asn Gly Leu Ile Met Arg Ala
405 410 415
Val Gly Asp Thr Met Ile Ile Ala Pro Pro Leu Val Ile Ser His Ala
420 425 430
Glu Ile Asp Glu Leu Val Glu Lys Ala Arg Lys Cys Leu Asp Leu Thr
435 440 445
Leu Glu Ala Ile Gln
450
<210> 7
<211> 42
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 7
tttaagaagg agatatacat atgaacaggt taccttcgag cg 42
<210> 8
<211> 44
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 8
tgctcgagtg cggccgcaag ttacgcttct tcgacactta ctcg 44
<210> 9
<211> 41
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 9
tttaagaagg agatatacat atgaatacag tgacaaaaaa t 41
<210> 10
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 10
tgctcgagtg cggccgcaag ttattggtta cttagctcat 40
<210> 11
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 11
tttaagaagg agatatacat atggaaacga atgtgaaaag 40
<210> 12
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 12
tgctcgagtg cggccgcaag ttgtactttt acttgtgcca 40
<210> 13
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 13
tttaagaagg agatatacat atgaacagcc aaatcaccaa 40
<210> 14
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 14
tgctcgagtg cggccgcaag tcaagccagg acggcggcgg 40
<210> 15
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 15
tttaagaagg agatatacat atgagtgaac agaattcgca 40
<210> 16
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 16
tgctcgagtg cggccgcaag ttaccgaaca gcctcatagg 40
<210> 17
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 17
tttaagaagg agatatacat atgagcgtca acaacccgca 40
<210> 18
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 18
tgctcgagtg cggccgcaag ttattgaatc gcctcaaggg 40
<210> 19
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 19
cttgcggccg cactcgagca ccacc 25
<210> 20
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
<400> 20
atgtatatct ccttcttaaa gttaaacaaa at 32
Claims (8)
1.一种L-氨基酸的生产方法,其特征在于,包括:以1,ω-二胺或其盐为氨基供体,在底物α-酮酸或其盐存在的条件下,利用转氨酶催化1,ω-二胺与底物发生转氨反应,得到L-氨基酸;
所述1,ω-二胺为1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺或1,6-己二胺;
所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4-6所示时,所述α-酮酸为2-酮丁酸;
所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1-3所示时,所述α-酮酸为2-羰基-4-(羟基甲基膦酰基)丁酸、2-酮丁酸、2-氧代戊酸、4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸、苯丙酮酸或2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于,所述1,ω-二胺为1,4-丁二胺;所述α-酮酸为2-羰基-4-(羟基甲基膦酰基)丁酸,所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1-3所示。
3.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于,所述转氨酶为离体酶、固定化酶或者细胞体内表达的酶。
4.如权利要求3所述的生产方法,其特征在于,所述细胞为表达转氨酶的工程菌,所述工程菌的宿主细胞为E. coli BL21(DE3),所述转氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
5.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于,所述氨基供体与底物的摩尔比为0.8-4:1。
6.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于,反应体系中存在辅酶,所述辅酶为磷酸吡哆醛或磷酸吡哆胺;所述辅酶的浓度为0.01-2.5 mM。
7.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于,所述转氨反应的温度为20-80℃,时间为3-48 h。
8.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于,控制转氨反应的pH值为6-11。
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