CN108724862A - 一种红外隐身及热管理布料及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种红外隐身及热管理布料及其制作方法，它包括内层织物层、表层织物层，所述表层织物层和内层织物层之间还设有ePTFE膜层，所述ePTFE膜层上设有一层纳米金属膜层，纳米金属层表面有一层含氟树脂层。本发明可作为红外隐身材料抑制红外目标特征，同时具有冬季保温，夏季散热的和防水防油的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及隐身材料技术领域，尤其是涉及一种具备优良的抑制红外辐射特征以及对人体热管理的布料。
背景技术
红外织物材料可以广泛应用于服装，用于冬季保暖，夏季散热等作用。现代战争中，红外热成像技术应用日益广泛，已成为战场侦测和制导武器所使用的重要手段，也是各种主战武器装备面临的主要威胁之一。因此，发展具有高性能的红外伪装材料或红外伪装技术，成为提高单兵在战场上的生存能力和安全性，增强部队战斗力的有效保障。所谓红外隐身，就是采用遮蔽、低发射率涂料、红外抑制等措施来改变目标的红外辐射波段或降低红外辐射强度，以隐蔽目标的红外辐射特征信息，从而实现目标的低可探测性。
通常红外隐身的目的是降低物体表面温度，同时降低物体表面的发射率，其方法有三种：第一种，在物体表面覆盖一层低发射率的红外涂层；第二种，在物体表面增加一层隔热层，降低表面温度；第三种是前两种的组合。大多数的红外隐身材料透气性和环境适应性都比较差，并且不满足以上的多波段红外隐身要求。
发明内容
根据现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种红外隐身及热管理布料，实现多波段红外隐身和织物装备的结构功能一体化，该材料可作为红外隐身材料抑制红外目标特征，同时具有冬季保温，夏季散热的和防水防油的作用，可以广泛应用于军事和民用服装、帐篷、掩体以及军事车辆等领域。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种红外隐身及热管理布料，包括内层织物层、表层织物层，在表层织物层和内层织物层之间还设有ePTFE膜层，所述ePTFE膜层上设有一层纳米金属膜层，内层织物层、表层织物层首选为三明治网格布，起到降低热传导作用，也可以是普通的布料，包括涤纶、棉布、丝绸等。
进一步，所述纳米金属膜层表面通过喷涂或者辊涂的工艺制备一层含氟树脂层，所述含氟树脂层为含氟丙烯酸树脂、全氟聚醚树脂或其他含氟共聚物树脂，含氟树脂层的作用为：可保护纳米金属层，防止纳米金属层的脱落和氧化；起到疏水作用，使得布料能够防水。
进一步，所述纳米金属膜层的纳米金属为铜、金、银、铝、及其合金中的一种。
进一步，所述ePTFE膜层与内层织物层、表层织物层之间通过柔性胶水，采用热熔热压法或者辊涂方法粘结粘结，柔性胶水包括丙烯酸胶、聚氨酯胶、水性聚氨酯、环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂、氯丁橡胶或不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种及其几种混合物。
进一步，所述纳米金属膜层是通过真空溅射或化学镀的方式设于ePTFE膜层上的，其纳米金属膜层的厚度为1-500nm。
进一步，所述ePTFE膜层的ePTFE膜为孔径为5-200nm的纳米多孔膜。
一种红外隐身及热管理布料的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
制备纳米金属层：在ePTFE膜的表面制备一层纳米金属层；
制备含氟树脂层，在纳米金属层表面制备一层含氟树脂层；
ePTFE膜与表层织物层粘贴：用柔性胶水将ePTFE膜通过热熔热压法或者辊涂方法均匀平铺粘附于表层织物层上，烘干；
与内层织物层粘贴：用柔性胶水将内层织物层通过热熔热压法或者辊涂方法粘附于ePTFE膜上，烘干。
进一步，所述纳米金属层利用化学镀的方法在ePTFE膜的表面制备，步骤包括：
步骤一：敏化：将ePTFE膜依次置于3～15g g/L的NaOH溶液、2～35ml/L的H2SO4溶液和1～10g/L的KMnO4溶液中分别浸泡5分钟，再用蒸馏水浸泡10分钟；将处理后的ePTFE膜再依次置于2～60g/L氯化锡的盐酸溶液、0.2～8g/L氯化靶的盐酸溶液中浸泡10分钟，获得敏化的ePTFE膜；
步骤二：镀层：将步骤一敏化的ePTFE膜置于含有待镀金属离子的镀液中，镀液中的金属离子还原成金属，并沉积到ePTFE膜上，获得表面设有一层纳米金属膜的ePTFE膜。
进一步，所述纳米金属层利用真空溅射的方法在ePTFE膜的表面制备，所述真空溅射的方法如磁控溅射、热蒸镀、双极溅射等，但不限于此，采用真空溅射的方法将纳米金属溅射在ePTFE膜上，相比较涂料、化学镀等方法，可以保留ePTFE膜原有的孔洞，使其具有透气防水功能，极大降低了材料的对流传热和辐射传热。
进一步，所述柔性胶水为丙烯酸、水性聚氨酯、环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂、氯丁橡胶或不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种及其几种混合物；
ePTFE膜与表层和内层织物层粘结时的烘干温度为30-200℃；
所述含氟树脂层通过喷涂或者辊涂的方法在纳米金属层的表面制备，并在110-230℃下烘干。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明所制备的材料通过三明治网格布降低对流传热的作用，同时通过纳米金属层起到了降低红外辐射的作用。相比于传统的红外隐身材料，其既降低了表面温度，又降低了辐射；
2、将所制备的材料柔软、轻质、透气、防水，适于服装或者帐篷等领域，也可以作为民用服装，夏季可以散热，冬季能够保暖；
3、相对于传统布料加工工艺，本专利制备获得的布料保留了ePTFE膜原有的孔洞，使其有透气防水功能，既降低了对流传热，又降低了辐射传热，这是一般的材料做不到。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一的红外热成像图。
图中：1-内层织物层；2-表层织物层；3-ePTFE膜层；4-纳米金属膜层；5-含氟树脂层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示的一种红外隐身及热管理布料，包括内层织物层1、表层织物层2，所述表层织物层2和内层织物层1之间还设有ePTFE膜层3，所述ePTFE膜层3上设有一层纳米金属膜层4，纳米金属膜层4表面通过喷涂或者辊涂有一层含氟树脂层5；纳米金属膜层4的纳米金属为铜、金、银、铝，或者其合金中的一种；ePTFE膜层3与内层织物层1、表层织物层2之间通过柔性胶水，采用热熔热压法或者辊涂方法粘结粘结，柔性胶水选自丙烯酸、水性聚氨酯、环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂、氯丁橡胶或不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种及其几种混合物，但不限于此；纳米金属膜层4是通过真空溅射或化学镀的方式设于ePTFE膜层3上的，其纳米金属膜层4的厚度为1-500nm；表层织物层2的厚度为0.1-2mm，内层织物层1的厚度为0.1-3mm；ePTFE膜层3的ePTFE膜为孔径为5-200nm的纳米多孔膜。
实施例1
以5％浓度的丙烯酸水溶液为胶水，将100纳米孔径的ePTFE膜3均匀平铺粘附于涤纶布匹2上；将材料在30℃条件下烘干；然后通过真空溅射的方法在ePTFE膜3的表面制备一层50nm的银膜4；然后将含氟树脂溶液喷涂在银膜4的表面，置于110℃下烘干，形成含氟树脂层5；然后以5％浓度的丙烯酸水溶液胶水，将1mm厚三明治网格布1粘附于ePTFE膜3上；在100℃下烘干，即得到所需材料。
将材料置于手掌心，通过红外热像仪观察其红外辐射温度，如图2所示：手掌温度为34.2℃，而覆盖本材料的区域温度仅为25.1℃，背景墙面温度为19℃。
实施例2
以5％浓度的水性聚氨酯为胶水，将5纳米孔径的ePTFE膜3均匀平铺粘附于1mm厚三明治网格布2上；将材料在80℃条件下烘干；然后通过真空溅射的方法在ePTFE膜3的表面制备一层100nm的铜膜4；然后将含氟树脂溶液喷涂在铜膜4的表面，置于160℃下烘干，形成含氟树脂层5；然后以5％浓度的丙烯酸水溶液胶水，将1mm厚三明治网格布1粘附于ePTFE膜3上；在80℃下烘干，即得到所需材料。
将材料置于手掌心，通过红外热像仪观察其红外辐射温度，手掌温度为34.2℃，而覆盖本材料的区域温度仅为25.2℃，背景墙面温度为19℃。
实施例3
以5％浓度的水性聚氨酯为胶水，将200纳米孔径的ePTFE膜3均匀平铺粘附于1mm厚三明治网格布2上；将材料在200℃条件下烘干；然后通过真空溅射的方法在ePTFE膜3的表面制备一层100nm的金膜4；然后将含氟树脂溶液辊涂在金膜4的表面，置于230℃下烘干，形成含氟树脂层5；然后以5％浓度的丙烯酸水溶液胶水，将1mm厚三明治网格布1粘附于ePTFE膜3上；将材料在80℃下烘干，即得到所需材料。
将材料置于手掌心，通过红外热像仪观察其红外辐射温度，手掌温度为34.5℃，而覆盖本材料的区域温度仅为24.5℃，背景墙面温度为18℃。
实施例4
ePTFE膜的化学镀铜：将ePTFE膜3在3～15g/L NaOH溶液中浸泡5分钟，然后在2～35ml/L H2SO4和1～10g/L KMnO4溶液中浸泡5分钟，然后用蒸馏水浸泡10分钟；将ePTFE膜3在2～60g/L氯化锡的盐酸溶液中浸泡10分钟；然后在0.2～8g/L氯化钯的盐酸溶液中浸泡10分钟；将活化敏化后的ePTFE膜3在硫酸铜10g/L，硼酸15g/L,柠檬酸钠20g/L，亚铁氰化钾0.1/L,次磷酸钠30g/L,pH值为9的溶液中化学镀，温度为60℃；化学镀铜后先后采用蒸馏水和酒精漂洗,然后60℃烘干。
红外材料的制备：以5％浓度的丙烯酸水溶液为胶水，将50纳米孔径的镀铜ePTFE膜3均匀平铺粘附于1mm厚三明治网格布2上；将材料在50℃条件下烘干；然后将含氟树脂溶液喷涂在铜膜4的表面，置于160℃下烘干，形成含氟树脂层5；然后以5％浓度的丙烯酸水溶液胶水，将1mm厚三明治网格布1粘附于ePTFE膜3上；将材料在80℃下烘干，即得到所需材料。
将材料置于手掌心，通过红外热像仪观察其红外辐射温度，手掌温度为35℃，而覆盖本材料的区域温度仅为25.5℃，背景墙面温度为19℃。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (10)
1.一种红外隐身及热管理布料，包括内层织物层、表层织物层，其特征在于，在表层织物层和内层织物层之间还设有ePTFE膜层，所述ePTFE膜层上设有一层纳米金属膜层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于，所述纳米金属膜层表面还设有一层含氟树脂层，所述含氟树脂层为含氟丙烯酸树脂、全氟聚醚树脂或其他含氟共聚物树脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于，所述纳米金属膜层的纳米金属为铜、金、银、铝、及其合金中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于，所述ePTFE膜层与内层织物层、表层织物层之间通过柔性胶水，采用热熔热压法或者辊涂方法粘结，表层织物层和内层织物层优选三明治网格布，厚度为1～2mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于，所述纳米金属膜层是通过真空溅射或化学镀的方式设于ePTFE膜层上的，其纳米金属膜层的厚度为1-500nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于，所述ePTFE膜层的ePTFE膜为孔径为5-200nm的纳米多孔膜。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一所述的红外隐身及热管理布料的制作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
制备纳米金属层：在ePTFE膜的表面制备一层纳米金属层；
制备含氟树脂层，在纳米金属层表面制备一层含氟树脂层；
ePTFE膜与表层织物层粘贴：用柔性胶水将ePTFE膜通过热熔热压法或者辊涂方法均匀平铺粘附于表层织物层上，烘干；
与内层织物层粘贴：用柔性胶水将内层织物层通过热熔热压法或者辊涂方法粘附于ePTFE膜上，烘干。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种红外隐身及热管理布料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述纳米金属层利用化学镀的方法在ePTFE膜的表面制备，步骤包括：
步骤一：敏化：将ePTFE膜依次置于3～15g/L的NaOH溶液、2～35ml/L的H2SO4溶液和1～10g/L的KMnO4溶液中分别浸泡5分钟，再用蒸馏水浸泡10分钟；将处理后的ePTFE膜再依次置于2～60g/L氯化锡的盐酸溶液、0.2～8g/L氯化靶的盐酸溶液中浸泡10分钟，获得敏化的ePTFE膜；
步骤二：镀层：将步骤一敏化的ePTFE膜置于含有待镀金属离子的镀液中，镀液中的金属离子还原成金属，并沉积到ePTFE膜上，获得表面设有一层纳米金属膜的ePTFE膜。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种红外隐身及热管理布料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述纳米金属层利用真空溅射的方法在ePTFE膜的表面制备。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种红外隐身及热管理布料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述柔性胶水为丙烯酸、水性聚氨酯、环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂、氯丁橡胶或不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种及其几种混合物；
ePTFE膜与表层和内层织物层粘结时的烘干温度为30-200℃；
所述含氟树脂层通过喷涂或者辊涂的方法在纳米金属层的表面制备，并在110-230℃下烘干。
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Application publication date: 20181102 |