CN111074407A - 一种红外隐身及热管理布料及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种红外隐身及热管理布料及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN111074407A
CN111074407A CN201911220764.0A CN201911220764A CN111074407A CN 111074407 A CN111074407 A CN 111074407A CN 201911220764 A CN201911220764 A CN 201911220764A CN 111074407 A CN111074407 A CN 111074407A
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徐自力
李旺昌
车声雷
应耀
余靓
郑精武
乔梁
李涓
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种红外隐身及热管理布料及其制作方法，所述的布料是一种由普通纤维束和金属纤维束采用非对称混合编织而成的双面织物，一面以普通纤维束为主，另一面以金属纤维束为主。该布料通过将普通纤维束和金属纤维束进行非对称的混合编织使得布料具有可见光‑近红外‑热红外兼容的隐身性能。在白天将以普通纤维束为主一面朝外，可发挥其可见光‑近红外隐身功能，在夜间将以金属纤维束为主一面朝外，实现热红外隐身功能。

Description

一种红外隐身及热管理布料及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及隐身材料技术领域，尤其是涉及一种红外隐身及热管理布料及其制作方法，该布料具备优良的抑制红外辐射特征以及可对人体进行热管理。
背景技术
红外织物材料可以广泛应用于服装，用于冬季保暖，夏季散热等作用。现代战争中，红外热成像技术应用日益广泛，已成为战场侦测和制导武器所使用的重要手段，也是各种主战武器装备面临的主要威胁之一。因此，发展具有高性能的红外伪装材料或红外伪装技术，成为提高单兵在战场上的生存能力和安全性，增强部队战斗力的有效保障。所谓红外隐身，就是采用遮蔽、低发射率涂料、红外抑制等措施来改变目标的红外辐射波段或降低红外辐射强度，以隐蔽目标的红外辐射特征信息，从而实现目标的低可探测性。
通常红外隐身包括热红外隐身和近红外隐身，此外红外隐身还要兼顾可见光隐身。其难点在于难以多波段匹配，与可见光隐身兼容。为此本发明提出一种由金属纤维和普通纤维混编的双面织物，根据不同的场景用不同的面去遮盖物体，可以实现可见光-红外隐身的兼容性，此外本发明的织物透气性良好，可以应用于服装、帐篷、炮衣、车衣等。
发明内容
根据现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种红外隐身及热管理布料及其制备方法，实现可见光-多波段红外隐身的功能，该材料可作为红外隐身材料抑制红外目标特征，同时具有冬季保温，夏季散热和防水防油的作用，可以广泛应用于军事和民用服装、帐篷、掩体以及军事车辆等领域。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种红外隐身及热管理布料，所述布料是一种由普通纤维束和金属纤维束采用非对称混合编织而成的双面织物，一面以普通纤维束为主，另一面以金属纤维束为主。
所述的非对称混合编织为：以普通纤维束为经线、金属纤维束为纬线，或者相反，对于每一束经线在布料的A面越过一束纬线后在布料的另一面B面再越过2～10束纬线，然后再在布料的A面越过一束纬线，对于每一束纬线，同样的，在布料的B面越过一束经线后在布料的A面再越过2～10束纬线，然后再在布料B面越过一束经线。
进一步的，所述的普通纤维束可以选自棉纤维、涤纶纤维、丝绸纤维、凯夫拉纤维、聚乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维。
进一步的，所述的金属纤维束可以采用金属微米丝、镀金属普通纤维、镀金属碳纤维。
更进一步的，所述的镀金属为镀铝、镍、铜、银、金中的一种或多种的合金。
进一步的，在布料表面还涂设有一层含氟树脂层，可保护织物表面，且可以起到疏水作用，使得布料能够防水。
更进一步的，所述的含氟树脂层为含氟丙烯酸树脂、全氟聚醚树脂或其他含氟共聚物树脂。
进一步的，在以普通纤维束为主的一面上通过印花方式制作有绿地迷彩图案，实现可见光和近红外隐身；在以金属纤维束为主的一面上印制有沙漠迷彩，不仅仅可以在沙漠区域应用，更重要的是可以在夜间实现热红外隐身。具体使用时最好如下：在白天将以普通纤维束为主的一面朝外，在晚上将以金属纤维束为主的一面朝外。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明所制备的材料具有双面非对称的结构，一面以普通纤维为主，另外一面以金属纤维为主，使得布料具有可见光-近红外-热红外兼容的隐身性能。
2、将所制备的材料柔软、轻质、透气、耐用，可做成双面服装或者帐篷，适于白天和夜晚等多种作战环境，也可以作为民用服装，夏季可以散热，冬季能够保暖；
3、相对于低发射率涂料或者溅射的方法，本方法制备的双面红外隐身服由普通纤维和金属纤维非对称编织，性能优异，一般的材料做不到。
附图说明
图1为经线在A面越过一束纬线，在B面越过2束纬线示意图；
图2为经线在A面越过一束纬线，在B面越过3束纬线示意图；
图3为经线在A面越过一束纬线，在B面越过4束纬线示意图；
图4为本发明实施例1的红外热成像图。
图5为本发明实施例2的红外热成像图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示的一种红外隐身及热管理布料，由普通的纤维束和金属纤维束非对称混合编织而成，使得B面呈现出以普通纤维为主，另外一面A面以金属纤维为主。在普通纤维上通过印花方式制作绿地迷彩图案，实现可见光和近红外隐身；在金属纤维面上借助金属的颜色印制沙漠迷彩，不仅仅可以在沙漠区域应用，更重要的是可以在夜间实现热红外隐身。在白天普通纤维织物面朝外，在晚上金属纤维图案朝外。
此外，可在布料表面通过喷涂或者辊涂的工艺涂覆制备一层含氟树脂层，所述含氟树脂层为含氟丙烯酸树脂、全氟聚醚树脂或其他含氟共聚物树脂，可保护织物表面，并起到疏水作用，使得布料能够防水。本发明织物除了多波段隐身伪装的功能外还兼具防水透气、冬暖夏凉的功能。
实施例1
将涤纶纤维和镀铜涤纶纤维混合编织，涤纶纤维为经线，镀铜涤纶纤维为纬线，铜的厚度为50nm。经线在A面越过一束纬线后在布料的另一侧B面再越过2束纬线，然后再到A面越过一束纬线，纬线也同样在B面越过一束经线后在布料的另一侧A面再越过2束纬线，然后再到B面越过一束经线。这样的非对称编织使得布料的B面以普通经线纤维为主，A面以金属纬线为主，
在B面上通过印花方式制作绿地迷彩图案，实现可见光和近红外隐身；在金属纤维上借助金属的颜色印制沙漠迷彩，不仅仅可以在沙漠区域应用，更重要的是可以在夜间实现热红外隐身。在白天普通纤维织物面朝外，在晚上金属纤维图案朝外。
将材料覆盖于人体躯干，通过红外热像仪观察其红外辐射温度，如图4所示：躯干温度为32.08℃，而覆盖本材料的区域温度仅为27.51℃，材料具有明显的抑制热红外特征的作用。
实施例2
将凯夫拉纤维和镀铝凯夫拉纤维混合编织，凯夫拉纤维为经线，镀铝凯夫拉纤维为纬线，铝的厚度为100nm。经线在A面越过一束纬线后在布料的另一侧B面再越过3束纬线，然后再到A面越过一束纬线，纬线也同样在B面越过一束经线后在布料的另一侧A面再越过3束纬线，然后再到B面越过一束经线。这样的非对称编织使得布料的B面以普通经线纤维为主，A面以金属纬线为主，
在B面上通过印花方式制作绿地迷彩图案，实现可见光和近红外隐身；在金属纤维上借助金属的颜色印制沙漠迷彩，不仅仅可以在沙漠区域应用，更重要的是可以在夜间实现热红外隐身。在白天普通纤维织物面朝外，在晚上金属纤维图案朝外。
将材料覆盖于手掌，通过红外热像仪观察其红外辐射温度，如图5所示：手掌温度为33.87℃，而覆盖本材料的区域温度仅为19.89℃，材料具有明显的抑制热红外特征的作用。
实施例3
将超高分子量聚乙烯纤维和镀银超高分子量聚乙烯纤维混合编织，超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为经线，镀银超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为纬线，银的厚度为200nm。经线在A面越过一束纬线后在布料的另一侧B面再越过4束纬线，然后再到A面越过一束纬线，纬线也同样在B面越过一束经线后在布料的另一侧A面再越过4束纬线，然后再到B面越过一束经线。这样的非对称编织使得布料的B面以普通经线纤维为主，A面以金属纬线为主，
在B面上通过印花方式制作绿地迷彩图案，实现可见光和近红外隐身；在金属纤维上借助金属的颜色印制沙漠迷彩，不仅仅可以在沙漠区域应用，更重要的是可以在夜间实现热红外隐身。在白天普通纤维织物面朝外，在晚上金属纤维图案朝外。

Claims (9)

1.一种红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：所述布料是一种由普通纤维束和金属纤维束采用非对称混合编织而成的双面织物，一面以普通纤维束为主，另一面以金属纤维束为主。
2.根据权利要求1所述的红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：所述的非对称混合编织为：以普通纤维束为经线、金属纤维束为纬线，或者相反，对于每一束经线在布料的A面越过一束纬线后在布料的另一面B面再越过2～10束纬线，然后再在布料的A面越过一束纬线，对于每一束纬线，同样的，在布料的B面越过一束经线后在布料的A面再越过2～10束纬线，然后再在布料B面越过一束经线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：所述的普通纤维束选自棉纤维、涤纶纤维、丝绸纤维、凯夫拉纤维、聚乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：所述的金属纤维束采用金属微米丝、镀金属普通纤维、镀金属碳纤维。
5.根据权利要求4所述的红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：所述的镀金属为镀铝、镍、铜、银、金中的一种或多种的合金。
6.根据权利要求1所述的红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：在布料表面还涂设有一层含氟树脂层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：所述的含氟树脂层为含氟丙烯酸树脂、全氟聚醚树脂或其他含氟共聚物树脂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：在以普通纤维束为主的一面上通过印花方式制作有绿地迷彩图案，在以金属纤维束为主的一面上印制有沙漠迷彩。
9.根据权利要求8所述的红外隐身及热管理布料，其特征在于：所述的布料使用时，白天将以普通纤维束为主的一面朝外，实现可见-近红外隐身功能，夜间将以金属纤维束为主的一面朝外，实现红外隐身功能。
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